电针治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床研究进展

本文阐述了近五年关于电针治疗腰稚间盘突出症的研究概况,从疗效和机制两方面进行归纳总结,为今后的进一步研究提供参考依据.且认为,在疗效方面,取经验单穴疗效最佳,华佗夹脊穴略优于常规背俞穴;机制方面,无论是整体还是局部,目前都有较好的镇痛机理解释.目前电针治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效明显,机理确切,值得推广.     

HLA-DRB1基因多态性与新疆哈萨克族人群结核病易感性的研究

目的:研究HLA-DRB1基因多态性与新疆哈萨克族人群结核病(TB)的相关性。方法:采用病例-对照的研究方法,应用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)技术对231例新疆哈萨克族肺结核患者和230例新疆哈萨克族健康对照者的13个HLA-DRB1等位基因进行分型,比较其等位基因频率(GF)并计算其比值比(OR)。结果:与新疆哈萨克族人群对照组相比,新疆哈萨克族人群结核病例组中HLA-DRB1*04显著增高(11.72%比6.75%,p0.05,OR=1.889),HLA-DRB1*10也增高(2.86%比1.09%),但统计学上无显著性差异(Pc0.05)。结论:HLA-DRB1*04可能是新疆哈萨克族人群结核病的易感基因。     

Inhibition of dark‐induced stomatal closure by fusicoccin involves a removal of hydrogen peroxide in guard cells of Vicia faba

Fusicoccin (FC) treatment prevents dark‐induced stomatal closure, the mechanism of which is still obscure. By using pharmacological approaches and laser‐scanning confocal microscopy, the relationship between FC inhibition of dark‐induced stomatal closure and the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels in guard cells in broad bean was studied. Like ascorbic acid (ASA), a scavenger of H₂O₂ and diphenylene iodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of H₂O₂‐generating enzyme NADPH oxidase, FC was found to inhibit stomatal closure and reduce H₂O₂ levels in guard cells in darkness, indicating that FC‐caused inhibition of dark‐induced stomatal closure is related to the reduction of H₂O₂ levels in guard cells. Furthermore, like ASA, FC not only suppressed H₂O₂‐induced stomatal closure and H₂O₂ levels in guard cells treated with H₂O₂ in light, but also reopened the stomata which had been closed by darkness and reduced the level of H₂O₂ that had been generated by darkness, showing that FC causes H₂O₂ removal in guard cells. The butyric acid treatment simulated the effects of FC on the stomata treated with H₂O₂ and had been closed by dark, and on H₂O₂ levels in guard cells of stomata treated with H₂O₂ and had been closed by dark, and both FC and butyric acid reduced cytosol pH in guard cells of stomata treated with H₂O₂ and had been closed by dark, which demonstrates that cytosolic acidification mediates FC‐induced H₂O₂ removal. Taken together, our results provide evidence that FC causes cytosolic acidification, consequently induces H₂O₂ removal, and finally prevents dark‐induced stomatal closure.     

Two Rubisco activase isoforms may play different roles in photosynthetic heat acclimation in the rice plant

Studies on some plant species have shown that increasing the growth temperature gradually or pretreating with high temperature can lead to obvious photosynthetic acclimation to high temperature. To test whether this acclimation arises from heat adaptation of ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39) activation mediated by Rubisco activase (RCA), gene expression of RCA large isoform (RCA_L) and RCA small isoform (RCA_S) in rice was determined using a 4‐day heat stress treatment [40/30°C (day/night)] followed by a 3‐day recovery under control conditions [30/22°C (day/night)]. The heat stress significantly induced the expression of RCA_L as determined by both mRNA and protein levels. Correlative analysis indicated that RCA_S protein content was extremely significantly related to Rubisco initial activity and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) under both heat stress and normal conditions. Immunoblot analysis of the Rubisco–RCA complex revealed that the ratio of RCA_L to Rubisco increased markedly in heat‐acclimated rice leaves. Furthermore, transgenic rice plants expressing enhanced amounts of RCA_L exhibited higher thermotolerance in Pn and Rubisco initial activity and grew better at high temperature than wild‐type (WT) plants and transgenic rice plants expressing enhanced amounts of RCA_S. Under normal conditions, the transgenic rice plants expressing enhanced amounts of RCA_S showed higher Pn and produced more biomass than transgenic rice plants expressing enhanced amounts of RCA_L and wild‐type plants. Together, these suggest that the heat‐induced RCA_L may play an important role in photosynthetic acclimation to moderate heat stress in vivo, while RCA_S plays a major role in maintaining Rubisco initial activity under normal conditions.     

不同pH调节剂对产琥珀酸放线杆菌NJ113发酵产丁二酸的影响

在3L发酵罐中分别采用不同的碱性物质作为pH调节剂,考察其对产琥珀酸放线杆菌Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113厌氧发酵制备丁二酸的影响。结果表明:Ca2+、NH4+调节剂对菌体生长代谢有较大阻碍作用,丁二酸产量较低;采用含Na+调节剂,在发酵中后期菌体出现絮凝现象严重,且产丁二酸能力骤降;采用含Mg2+调节剂,整个发酵过程菌体代谢旺盛,发酵效果较佳。根据各碱性物质的调节能力以及对菌体生长代谢的影响,选择NaOH、Mg(OH)2和Na2CO3、Mg(OH)2分别作为混合碱组分调节pH,并对两组混合碱中各物质的质量比例进行优化。结果表明,以NaOH、Mg(OH)2混合,两者质量比为1:1时,发酵效果最好,丁二酸质量浓度高达到69.8g/L,质量收率74.5%。该种混合碱配比可有效替代碱式MgCO3调节pH,既达到高产丁二酸的目的,又可降低生物制备丁二酸的成本。     

鸡氨肽酶N的高效可溶性表达及生物学功能分析

本研究旨为克隆鸡氨肽酶N(chAPN)基因,高效表达可溶性目的蛋白,并测定其生物学功能。应用RT-PCR方法从鸡胚肾细胞中克隆chAPN的基因片段,经测序鉴定后再克隆至原核表达载体pCOLD-TF,构建重组原核表达质粒pCOLD-TF-chAPN,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中经不同条件诱导表达目的蛋白;利用镍柱亲和层析法纯化可溶性蛋白,并进行SDS-PAGE、Western blotting鉴定;Leu-PNA酶促反应和ELISA等方法检测目的蛋白生物学功能。结果显示,重组质粒pCOLD-TF-chAPN在大肠杆菌中以可溶形式高效表达;酶促反应及ELISA结果显示该蛋白具有酶活性,可结合传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV),并表现为剂量依赖性。这为今后研究chAPN的酶活性、作为IBV受体及抗病毒功能奠定了实验基础。     

淫羊藿属7种植物的雌蕊及果实形态描述的订正

采用了野外观察和光学显微技术对淫羊藿属（Epimedium L.）7种植物的雌蕊及果实的形态结构进行了研究。结果表明：7种植物的心皮数目为1个,胎座类型为边缘胎座,果实类型为蓇葖果。比较了《中国植物志》等文献的记载,订正了文献对7个种＂侧膜胎座＂或＂蒴果＂的记述,并对淫羊藿属的相应特征提出观点。     

Cortical Overexpression of Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 Induces Functional Plasticity in Spinal Cord Following Unilateral Pyramidal Tract Injury in Rat

Following trauma of the adult brain or spinal cord the injured axons of central neurons fail to regenerate or if intact display only limited anatomical plasticity through sprouting. Adult cortical neurons forming the corticospinal tract (CST) normally have low levels of the neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS1) protein. In primary cultured adult cortical neurons, the lentivector-induced overexpression of NCS1 induces neurite sprouting associated with increased phospho-Akt levels. When the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway was pharmacologically inhibited the NCS1-induced neurite sprouting was abolished. The overexpression of NCS1 in uninjured corticospinal neurons exhibited axonal sprouting across the midline into the CST-denervated side of the spinal cord following unilateral pyramidotomy. Improved forelimb function was demonstrated behaviourally and electrophysiologically. In injured corticospinal neurons, overexpression of NCS1 induced axonal sprouting and regeneration and also neuroprotection. These findings demonstrate that increasing the levels of intracellular NCS1 in injured and uninjured central neurons enhances their intrinsic anatomical plasticity within the injured adult central nervous system.     

HIV-1 Populations in Semen Arise through Multiple Mechanisms

HIV-1 is present in anatomical compartments and bodily fluids. Most transmissions occur through sexual acts, making virus in semen the proximal source in male donors. We find three distinct relationships in comparing viral RNA populations between blood and semen in men with chronic HIV-1 infection, and we propose that the viral populations in semen arise by multiple mechanisms including: direct import of virus, oligoclonal amplification within the seminal tract, or compartmentalization. In addition, we find significant enrichment of six out of nineteen cytokines and chemokines in semen of both HIV-infected and uninfected men, and another seven further enriched in infected individuals. The enrichment of cytokines involved in innate immunity in the seminal tract, complemented with chemokines in infected men, creates an environment conducive to T cell activation and viral replication. These studies define different relationships between virus in blood and semen that can significantly alter the composition of the viral population at the source that is most proximal to the transmitted virus.