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31.
A purified head fraction was prepared from bovine epididymal spermatozoa and was utilized to identify the solubility characteristics and major polypeptide components of the postacrosomal sheath. Sperm heads extracted in nonionic-detergent-containing or high-salt-containing solutions retained an intact postacrosomal sheath, but it was readily solubilized by high pH extraction solutions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a major polypeptide of 58,000 daltons (58-kD) in the high pH extract solution. Antibodies to the 58-kD polypeptide specifically reacted with the postacrosomal segment by immunofluorescence and by electron microscopic immunohistochemistry were shown to bind the postacrosomal sheath. We conclude that this 58-kD polypeptide is a constituent of the postacrosomal sheath and that its distribution is restricted to the postacrosomal segment. 相似文献
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33.
Sallie W. Chisholm Sheila L. Frankel Ralf Goericke Robert J. Olson Brian Palenik John B. Waterbury Lisa West-Johnsrud Erik R. Zettler 《Archives of microbiology》1992,157(3):297-300
Several years ago, prochlorophyte picoplankton were discovered in the N. Atlantic. They have since been found to be abundant within the euphotic zone of the world's tropical and temperate oceans. The cells are extremely small, lack phycobiliproteins, and contain divinyl chlorophyll a and b as their primary photosynthetic pigments. Phylogenies constructed from DNA sequence data indicate that these cells are more closely related to a cluster of marine cyanobacteria than to their prochlorophyte relatives Prochlorothrix and Prochloron. Several strains of this organism have recently been brought into culture, and herewith are given the name Prochlorococcus marinus. 相似文献
34.
J G Bruno G B Olson 《Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology / the International Academy of Cytology [and] American Society of Cytology》1992,14(1):24-31
Retinoic acid (RA)-treated HL-60 cells subjected to density arrest (DA) and double thymidine block (TB) synchronization demonstrated image feature changes associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. RA-treated TB cells demonstrated an increased level of morphologic differentiation (assessed by differential counts and quantitation of nuclear shape) and more rapid functional differentiation (assessed by superoxide production and expression of complement receptors) than RA-treated DA cells. By comparison to DA cells, TB cells had less variation in virtually all image features values. A Kruskal-Wallis test of image features ranked total optical density (TOD) of Feulgen-stained cells, nuclear area and shape factor as the top three features regardless of synchronization method. Statistically significant changes in image feature values of RA-treated cells were first noted on day 1. The computer-assisted ability to discriminate RA-treated cells on a given day after induction from paired controls by means of an unsupervised learning algorithm increased over a seven-day period for both DA and TB cells. However, in the dichotomous (RA-treated versus untreated) classification scheme employed, which did not account for continuous levels of morphologic differentiation, there was no advantage in the use of the TB over DA procedure. 相似文献
35.
Synaptosomes were prepared from morphine-tolerant and non-tolerant mice. Significantly higher levels of basal free intracellular calcium were observed in the synaptosomes from the opiate-tolerant mice compared to synaptosomes from non-tolerant mice (468 nM versus 328 nM, respectively). In addition, morphine (1 microM) failed to attenuate KCl-induced rises in intracellular calcium in the synaptosomes from the tolerant mice. Conversely, morphine produced a concentration-related, naloxone-reversible attenuation of 50 mM KCl-induced rises in intracellular calcium in the synaptosomes from the non-tolerant mice. Omega conotoxin, which blocks both "L" and "N" type calcium channels, attenuated KCl-stimulated rises in intracellular calcium only in synaptosomes from non-tolerant mice. BAY-K 8644, an "L-type" calcium channel agonist, produced nifedipine-reversible increases in intracellular calcium in the synaptosomes from the tolerant animals only. These data suggest that chronic exposure to morphine results in an alteration in either the number of the activation state of calcium channels in the membrane. Changes in intracellular free calcium may be the final common pathway through which neurons adapt to the chronic exposure to morphine. 相似文献
36.
Rapid method for direct extraction of DNA from soil and sediments. 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
A rapid method for the direct extraction of DNA from soil and sediments was developed. The indigenous microorganisms in the soil and sediments were lysed by using lysozyme and a freeze-thaw procedure. The lysate was extracted with sodium dodecyl sulfate and phenol-chloroform. In addition to a high recovery efficiency (greater than 90%), the yields of DNA were high (38 and 12 micrograms/g [wet weight] from sediments and soil, respectively). This method generated minimal shearing of the extracted DNA. The crude DNA could be further purified with an Elutip-d column if necessary. An additional advantage of this method is that only 1 g of sample is required, which allows for the analysis of small samples and the processing of many samples in a relatively short (7 h) period. 相似文献
37.
The kinetics of calcium movements in the isolated perfused rat liver were examined using compartmental analysis of the efflux profiles of 45Ca2+ from 45Ca(2+)-equilibrated livers under a variety of calcium concentrations and hormonal treatments. From the 45Ca2+ efflux profiles, we determined that a three compartment model was appropriate to describe the movements of calcium in the liver on the time scale of the experiments. Hormonal treatment with the alpha-adrenergic agonist, phenylephrine, or the vasoactive peptide, vasopressin, during the efflux period lowered significantly the rate of transfer of Ca2+ between the internal compartments at all of the calcium concentrations employed. Also, phenylephrine treatment leads to increased transfer of Ca2+ into the liver from the perfusate. The temporal characteristics of the phenylephrine and vasopressin sensitive Ca2+ pools were examined by pulsing livers, loaded for variable periods of time with 45Ca2+, with the two hormones during the efflux of 45Ca2+ to measure the kinetics of Ca2+ exchange in the hormone-sensitive pools. Results from these experiments indicate that the rate of unstimulated Ca2+ efflux, k2, for the phenylephrine and vasopressin sensitive Ca2+ pools, modeled as a one compartment system, are the same, 0.074 and 0.078 min-1 for phenylephrine and vasopressin respectively, corresponding to half times for turnover of the pool(s) of 9.3 and 8.9 min, respectively. 相似文献
38.
39.
Oxytocin and an oxytocin agonist administered centrally decrease food intake in rats. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Intracerebroventricular administration of oxytocin (OT) and an OT agonist significantly decreased food intake in a dose-related manner in fasted rats. Central administration of an OT antagonist by itself (up to doses of 8 nmol) did not potentiate deprivation-induced food intake, but pretreatment with the OT receptor antagonist prevented the expected inhibition of food intake produced by OT and the OT agonist. Once-daily ICV injections of OT led to the development of tolerance to the inhibitory effects on food intake by the third day of treatment, but daily pretreatment with the OT antagonist prevented the development of this tolerance. In addition to causing decreased food intake, ICV administration of OT significantly increased grooming behavior but produced no dyskinesias. The inhibitory effect of OT on food intake was characterized by decreased amounts of food intake but a normal pattern of ingestion. The anorexia produced was central in nature and was not associated with altered plasma levels of hormones involved in caloric homeostasis or with changes in blood glucose. The OT agonist had relatively little effect on water intake when given in doses that significantly inhibited food intake. These results support the hypothesis that specific OT receptors within the central nervous system participate in the inhibition of feeding under certain conditions in rats. 相似文献
40.
Cultured IMR-90 diploid human lung fibroblasts respond to withdrawal of serum or growth factors by increasing protein degradation. This increase, due to enhanced transfer of proteins into lysosomes, is specific for a class of intracellular proteins containing peptide sequences biochemically related to Lysine-Phenylalanine-Glutamate-Arginine-Glutamine (KFERQ). This peptide motif is recognized by an intracellular protein which facilitates its transfer into lysosomes in vitro and presumably, in vivo. We called this protein the peptide recognition protein of 73-kilodaltons (prp73). We have shown prp73 to be the constitutive member of the heat shock 70kD family (hsc73) by a variety of criteria. Furthermore, our reconstitution of this pathway of lysosomal degradation in vitro has provided insight in to the molecular mechanisms and requisite biochemical components. 相似文献