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排序方式: 共有246条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
61.
The contribution of patch‐scale conditions is greater than that of macroclimate in explaining local plant diversity in fragmented forests across Europe 下载免费PDF全文
Alicia Valdés Jonathan Lenoir Emilie Gallet‐Moron Emilie Andrieu Jörg Brunet Olivier Chabrerie Déborah Closset‐Kopp Sara A. O. Cousins Marc Deconchat Pieter De Frenne Pallieter De Smedt Martin Diekmann Karin Hansen Martin Hermy Annette Kolb Jaan Liira Jessica Lindgren Tobias Naaf Taavi Paal Irina Prokofieva Michael Scherer‐Lorenzen Monika Wulf Kris Verheyen Guillaume Decocq 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2015,24(9):1094-1105
62.
Sarah M. Martin Kai Lorenzen Nils Bunnefeld 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2013,41(5):737-747
The relationship between fishing, livelihood diversification and poverty was investigated in the lower Mekong basin, in Laos, where fishing forms an important, but usually secondary part of rural livelihoods. Results from a household survey show that participation in fishing is common and positively associated with higher occupational diversity and more agricultural activities. This is likely due to the low opportunity costs associated with many forms of fishing and factors such as tradition, enjoyment of fishing, underutilised labour and low capital requirements. Alternative livelihoods within the rural setting are therefore unlikely to cause fishers to leave the fishery, but instead strengthen the livelihood portfolio as a supplementary activity. Fishing is not an activity only for the very poorest households, but is undertaken by all wealth groups. However, fishing forms a greater proportion of income, employment and food security for the poor and is important in households with poor quality farm land. 相似文献
63.
Lorenzen I Shang W Perbandt M Petoukhov MV Svergun DI Waetzig GH Rose-John S Hilgenfeld R Grötzinger J 《European journal of cell biology》2011,90(6-7):515-520
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an important role in immune responses and signals via two different pathways. When IL-6 binds to its non-signalling membrane-bound receptor (IL-6R), a non-covalent dimer of the ubiquitous interleukin-6 signal transducer gp130 is recruited to initiate intracellular signalling cascades. This so-called classical signalling pathway is restricted to cells expressing the membrane-bound IL-6R, such as hepatocytes and certain leukocytes. In addition, an alternative trans-signalling pathway uses soluble forms of IL-6R (sIL-6R) in complex with IL-6 to activate cells expressing gp130, but not membrane-bound IL-6R. In both cases, a tetrameric or hexameric signalling complex consisting of two gp130 molecules and one or two molecules each of IL-6 and (s)IL-6R is formed. The structure of the hexameric complex of the ligand-binding domains of gp130 (D1-D3) with IL-6 and sIL-6R has been solved by X-ray crystallography as well as the full-length extracellular part of gp130 (D1-D6) as a monomer. Since gp130 exists as a preformed dimer on the cell surface, we used a sgp130Fc fusion protein - consisting of two extracellular gp130 regions (D1-D6) dimerised by an IgG1-Fc part - to study the structure of unliganded gp130 extracellular domains in solution by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The SAXS data indicated that sgp130Fc forms a rigid molecule in solution. The low resolution structural model reveals an elongated assembly with an Fc base and two gp130 arms, whereby the orientation of the ligand-binding domains D1-D3 with respect to the membrane-proximal domains D4-D6 differs from that in the crystallographic monomer. Functional implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
64.
65.
We used a P enrichment gradient in the Everglades to investigate patterns of the stable N isotopic ratio (δ15N) in peat profiles as an indicator of historic eutrophication of this wetland. We also tested two hypotheses to explain the
effects of P on increased δ15N of organic matter including: (1) increased N mineralization/N loss, and (2) reduced isotopic discrimination during macrophyte
N uptake. Spatial patterns of δ15N in surface litter and soil (0–10 cm) mimic those of the aboveground macrophytes (Typha domingensis Pers. and Cladium jamaicense Crantz). Peat profiles also show increased δ15N in the peat accumulated in areas near the historic P discharges since the early 1960s. The increased δ15N of bulk peat correlated well with both measured increases in soil total P and the historical beginning of nutrient discharges
into this wetland. In 15-day bottle incubations of soil, added P had no effect on the δ15N of NH4+ and significantly increased the δ15N of water-extractable organic N. Measurements of surface soils collected during a field mesocosm experiment also revealed
no significant effect of P on δ15N even after 5 years of P addition. In contrast, δ15N of leaf and root tissues of hydroponically grown Typha and Cladium were shown to increase up to 12‰ when grown at elevated levels of P and fixed levels of N (as NH4+). The magnitude of changes in δ15N resulting from altered discrimination during N uptake is significant compared with other mechanisms affecting plant δ15N, and suggests that this may be the dominant mechanism affecting δ15N of organic matter following P enrichment. The results of this study have implications for the interpretation of δ15N as an indicator of shifts in relative N limitation in wetland ecosystems, and also stress the importance of experimental
validation in interpreting δ15N patterns. 相似文献
66.
Stephan Kambach Eric Allan Simon Bilodeau‐Gauthier David A. Coomes Josephine Haase Tommaso Jucker Georges Kunstler Sandra Müller Charles Nock Alain Paquette Fons van der Plas Sophia Ratcliffe Fabian Roger Paloma Ruiz‐Benito Michael Scherer‐Lorenzen Harald Auge Olivier Bouriaud Bastien Castagneyrol Jonas Dahlgren Lars Gamfeldt Herv Jactel Gerald Kndler Julia Koricheva Aleksi Lehtonen Bart Muys Quentin Ponette Nuri Setiawan Thomas Van de Peer Kris Verheyen Miguel A. Zavala Helge Bruelheide 《Ecology and evolution》2019,9(19):11254-11265
For decades, ecologists have investigated the effects of tree species diversity on tree productivity at different scales and with different approaches ranging from observational to experimental study designs. Using data from five European national forest inventories (16,773 plots), six tree species diversity experiments (584 plots), and six networks of comparative plots (169 plots), we tested whether tree species growth responses to species mixing are consistent and therefore transferrable between those different research approaches. Our results confirm the general positive effect of tree species mixing on species growth (16% on average) but we found no consistency in species‐specific responses to mixing between any of the three approaches, even after restricting comparisons to only those plots that shared similar mixtures compositions and forest types. These findings highlight the necessity to consider results from different research approaches when selecting species mixtures that should maximize positive forest biodiversity and functioning relationships. 相似文献
67.
Kai Schuchmann Silke Schmidt Antonio Martinez Lopez Christina Kaberline Martin Kuhns Wolfram Lorenzen Helge B. Bode Friederike Joos Volker Müller 《Journal of bacteriology》2015,197(2):382-391
Acetogenic bacteria can grow by the oxidation of various substrates coupled to the reduction of CO2 in the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Here, we show that growth of the acetogen Acetobacterium woodii on 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) as the sole carbon and energy source is independent of acetogenesis. Enzymatic measurements and metabolite analysis revealed that 1,2-PD is dehydrated to propionaldehyde, which is further oxidized to propionyl coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA) with concomitant reduction of NAD. NADH is reoxidized by reducing propionaldehyde to propanol. The potential gene cluster coding for the responsible enzymes includes genes coding for shell proteins of bacterial microcompartments. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of microcompartments as well as storage granules in cells grown on 1,2-PD. Gene clusters coding for the 1,2-PD pathway can be found in other acetogens as well, but the distribution shows no relation to the phylogeny of the organisms. 相似文献
68.
Stefan Düsterh?ft Katharina H?bel Mirja Oldefest Juliane Lokau Georg H. Waetzig Athena Chalaris Christoph Garbers Jürgen Scheller Stefan Rose-John Inken Lorenzen Joachim Gr?tzinger 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(23):16336-16348
A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) is a major sheddase involved in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes. Key substrates of ADAM17 are the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and TNF-α. The extracellular region of ADAM17 consists of a prodomain, a catalytic domain, a disintegrin domain, and a membrane-proximal domain as well as a small stalk region. This study demonstrates that this juxtamembrane segment is highly conserved, α-helical, and involved in IL-6R binding. This process is regulated by the structure of the preceding membrane-proximal domain, which acts as molecular switch of ADAM17 activity operated by a protein-disulfide isomerase. Hence, we have termed the conserved stalk region “Conserved ADAM seventeen
dynamic interaction sequence” (CANDIS). Finally, we identified the region in IL-6R that binds to CANDIS. In contrast to the type I transmembrane proteins, the IL-6R, and IL-1RII, CANDIS does not bind the type II transmembrane protein TNF-α, demonstrating fundamental differences in the respective shedding by ADAM17. 相似文献
69.
Slierendrecht WJ Olesen NJ Juul-Madsen HR Lorenzen N Henryon M Berg P Søndergaard J Koch C 《Fish & shellfish immunology》2001,11(2):155-167
To study immunological and immunogenetical parameters related to resistance against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS), attempts to make gynogenetic strains of rainbow trout selected for high and low resistance to VHS were initiated in 1988. The first gynogenetic generation of inbreeding resulted in the more resistant offspring E8 and the low resistance offspring K3; the K3 offspring having the same high mortality as the susceptible reference strain of outbred trout in infection trials. A second gynogenetic generation derived from the E8 strain resulted in some low resistance offspring, and two gynogenetic families in which all, or nearly all, fish survived challenge with VHS virus. In this study, an attempt to associate the distribution of different MHC class II genotypes with low and high resistance gynogenetic offspring was performed. Two different MHC haplotypes could be distinguished, and in both low and high resistance families all three genotypes were found, which could be explained by the fact that the mother fish carried the heterozygous genotype. Although no significant differences in MHC II genotypes were found between the high and low resistance offspring, a significantly different distribution of haplotypes in the low resistance offspring was observed, that could not be explained by a one- or two-locus model. 相似文献
70.
Johan M. Lorenzen Filippo Martino Irina Scheffner Verena Br?cker Holger Leitolf Hermann Haller Wilfried Gwinner 《PloS one》2012,7(12)