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21.
The tight junction constitutes the major barrier to solute and water flow through the paracellular space of epithelia and endothelia. It is formed by transmembrane proteins and submembranous molecules such as the MAGUKs ZOs. We have previously found that several MAGUKs, including those of the tight (ZO-1, ZO-2, and ZO-3) and septate junction (tamou and Dlg), contain one or two nuclear sorting signals located at their first PDZ and GK domains. Now we show that these proteins also contain a nuclear export signal and focus our study on the nuclear membrane shuttling of ZO-2. In sparse cultures this molecule concentrates at the nucleus in clusters, where it partially colocalizes with splicing factor SC35. Nuclear staining diminishes as the monolayer acquires confluence through a process sensitive to the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B. Nuclear localization can be induced by impairing cell-cell contacts, by mechanical injury. ZO-2 that shuttles from the cell periphery into the nucleus is not newly synthesized but originates from a preexistent pool. The movement of this protein is mediated by the actin cytoskeleton. 相似文献
22.
Peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) activity, cellular localization and isozyme patterns were investigated in the seed integument, cotyledon and embryo axis of Brassica oleracea cv. Cappuccio during pregermination and seedling growth. Seeds started to germinate after 24 h of imbibition. POD activity was localized in the pigmented layer of the integument and in procambial strands of the cotyledon and embryo axis in the first 24 h of imbibition. It was localized in the integumental cells of palisade, pigmented and aleurone layers and in epidermal, meristematic, procambial cells and xylem elements of the root and hypocotyl after 48 h of imbibition. POD activity increased during germination and early seedling growth: in the integument, it reached a maximum value after 72 h of imbibition, in the embryo axis and cotyledons, it increased up to 144 h of imbibition. The increase in peroxidase activity was accompanied by the appearance of new isozymes correlated with the development of seedling tissues. The isozyme profile was characterized by nine peroxidases: isoperoxidase of 50 kDa peculiar to integuments, that of 150 kDa to cotyledons and that of 82 kDa to the embryo axis. During pregerminative phase isozymes of 84 kDa were detected in the integument and cotyledons, of 48.5 kDa in the embryo axis. After germination, peroxidase activity and the complexity of the isozyme pattern increased, suggesting that they play a relevant role after rupture of the integument. 相似文献
23.
Valerio BertolasiAndrea Marchi Lorenza MarvelliRoberto Rossi Claudio Bianchini Isaac de los RiosMaurizio Peruzzini 《Inorganica chimica acta》2002,327(1):140-146
The reaction of the rhenium(V) nitrido complex [Re(N)Cl2(PPh3)2] with the tripodal ligand N(CH2CH2PPh2)3 (NP3) in THF gave [Re(N)Cl2(η2-P,P-NP3)] (1) in which NP3 acts as a tridentate ligand using the nitrogen and two phosphorus donors for coordination. Refluxing 1 in a polar solvent such as ethanol produced [(η4-NP3)Re(N)Cl]Cl (2) in which NP3 acts as a tetradentate ligand. Treatment of complex [Re(O)Cl3(AsPh3)2] containing the [ReO]3+ core with NP3 in THF yielded [ReCl3{η3-N,P,P-(N{CH2CH2Ph2}2{CH2CH2P(O)Ph2})}] (3). Complexes 1 and 3 have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray analyses. 相似文献
24.
Derdáková M Beati L Pet'ko B Stanko M Fish D 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2003,69(1):509-516
In Europe the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex is represented by five distinct genospecies: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii, Borrelia valaisiana, and Borrelia lusitaniae. These taxonomic entities are known to differ in their specific associations with vertebrate hosts and to provoke distinct clinical manifestations in human patients. However, exceptions to these rules have often been observed, indicating that strains belonging to a single genospecies may be more heterogeneous than expected. It is, therefore, important to develop alternative identification tools which are able to distinguish Borrelia strains not only at the specific level but also at the intraspecific level. DNA from a sample of 370 Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in the Czech Republic was analyzed by PCR for the presence of a approximately 230-bp fragment of the rrfA-rrlB intergenic spacer of Borrelia spp. A total of 20.5% of the ticks were found to be positive. The infecting genospecies were identified by analyzing the amplified products by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method with restriction enzyme MseI and by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. The two methods were compared, and PCR-SSCP analysis appeared to be a valuable tool for rapid identification of spirochetes at the intraspecific level, particularly when large samples are examined. Furthermore, by using PCR-SSCP analysis we identified a previously unknown Borrelia genotype, genotype I-77, which would have gone unnoticed if RFLP analysis alone had been used. 相似文献
25.
Tonelli R Scardovi AL Pession A Strippoli P Bonsi L Vitale L Prete A Locatelli F Bagnara GP Paolucci G 《Human genetics》2000,107(3):225-233
Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) without physical anomalies is a rare disease, presenting isolated thrombocytopenia and megakaryocytopenia in infancy, which can evolve into aplastic anemia and leukemia. Recently, two heterozygous truncating mutations of the thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor MPL, coded by the c-mpl gene, were identified in a 10-year-old Japanese patient with CAMT transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner. Here, we report for the first time two different MPL amino-acid substitutions in a 2-year-old Italian boy with CAMT and compound heterozygosis for two (c-mpl point mutations. C-to-T transitions were detected on exons 5 and 12 at the 769 and 1904 cDNA nucleotide positions, respectively. The mutation in exon 5 substitutes an arginine with a cysteine (R257C) in the extracellular domain, 11 amino acids distant from the WSXWS motif conserved in the cytokine-receptor superfamily. The mutation in exon 12 substitutes a proline with a leucine (P635L) in the last amino acid of the C-terminal intracellular domain, responsible for signal transduction. As in the Japanese family, the mutations were both transmitted from the parents. TPO plasma levels were highly increased in the patient. The patient's 7-year-old brother, who was a candidate donor for allografting, turned out to be an asymptomatic heterozygous carrier of P635L and showed defective megakaryocyte colony formation from bone-marrow progenitor cells. The present study provides important confirmation that CAMT can be associated with (c-mpl) mutations. 相似文献
26.
Verbascoside down‐regulates some pro‐inflammatory signal transduction pathways by increasing the activity of tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐1 in the U937 cell line
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Mirko Pesce Sara Franceschelli Alessio Ferrone Maria Anna De Lutiis Antonia Patruno Alfredo Grilli Mario Felaco Lorenza Speranza 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2015,19(7):1548-1556
Polyphenols are the major components of many traditional herbal remedies, which exhibit several beneficial effects including anti‐inflammation and antioxidant properties. Src homology region 2 domain‐containing phosphatase‐1 (SHP‐1) is a redox sensitive protein tyrosine phosphatase that negatively influences downstream signalling molecules, such as mitogen‐activated protein kinases, thereby inhibiting inflammatory signalling induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Because a role of transforming growth factor β‐activated kinase‐1 (TAK1) in the upstream regulation of JNK molecule has been well demonstrated, we conjectured that SHP‐1 could mediate the anti‐inflammatory effect of verbascoside through the regulation of TAK‐1/JNK/AP‐1 signalling in the U937 cell line. Our results demonstrate that verbascoside increased the phosphorylation of SHP‐1, by attenuating the activation of TAK‐1/JNK/AP‐1 signalling. This leads to a reduction in the expression and activity of both COX and NOS. Moreover, SHP‐1 depletion deletes verbascoside inhibitory effects on pro‐inflammatory molecules induced by LPS. Our data confirm that SHP‐1 plays a critical role in restoring the physiological mechanisms of inducible proteins such as COX2 and iNOS, and that the down‐regulation of TAK‐1/JNK/AP‐1 signalling by targeting SHP‐1 should be considered as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. 相似文献
27.
Dario Gastaldi Stefano Morlacchi Roberto Nichetti Claudio Capelli Gabriele Dubini Lorenza Petrini Francesco Migliavacca 《Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology》2010,9(5):551-561
The most common approach to treat atherosclerosis in coronary bifurcations is the provisional side-branch (PSB) stenting,
which consists sequentially of the insertion of a stent in the main branch (MB) of the bifurcation and a dilatation of the
side branch (SB) passing through the struts of the stent at the bifurcation. This approach can be followed by a redilatation
of the MB only or by a Final Kissing Balloon (FKB) inflation, both strategies leading to a minor stent distortion in the MB.
The positioning of the stent struts in the bifurcation and the stresses generated in the stent and vessel wall are worthy
of investigation for a better understanding of the mechanobiology of the system. For this purpose, a computer model of an
atherosclerotic coronary bifurcation based on the finite element method was developed; the effects of performing the final
redilatation with the two strategies utilising one or two balloons and those created by a different stent strut positioning
around the SB were investigated. Results correlate well with previous experimental tests regarding the deformation following
balloon expansion. Furthermore, results confirm firstly that the re-establishment of an optimal spatial configuration of the
stent after the PSB approach is achieved with both strategies; secondly, results show that case of stent positioning with
one cell placed centrally (with regard to the SB) should be preferred, avoiding the presence of struts inside the vessel lumen,
which may reduce hemodynamic disturbances. The central positioning also resulted in a better solution in terms of lower stresses
in the stent struts and, more importantly, in the vascular tissues. 相似文献
28.
29.
Tulli F Vachot C Tibaldi E Fournier V Kaushik SJ 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology》2007,147(1):179-188
The role of dietary arginine in affecting nitrogen utilisation and excretion was studied in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed for 72 days with diets differing in protein sources (plant protein-based (PM) and fish-meal-based (FM)). Fish growth performance and nitrogen utilisation revealed that dietary Arg surplus was beneficial only in PM diets. Dietary Arg level significantly affected postprandial plasma urea concentrations. Hepatic arginase activity increased (P<0.05) in response to dietary Arg surplus in fish fed plant protein diets; conversely ornithine transcarbamylase activity was very low and inversely related to arginine intake. No hepatic carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III activity was detected. Dietary arginine levels did not affect glutamate dehydrogenase activity. A strong linear relationship was found between liver arginase activity and daily urea-N excretion. Dietary Arg excess reduced the proportion of total ammonia nitrogen excreted and increased the contribution of urea-N over the total N excretion irrespective of dietary protein source. Plasma and excretion data combined with enzyme activities suggest that dietary Arg degradation via hepatic arginase is a major pathway for ureagenesis and that ornithine-urea cycle is not completely functional in juvenile sea bass liver. 相似文献
30.