High plating efficiency and plant regeneration frequency in low density protoplast cultures derived from an embryogenic Brassica napus cell suspension

Protoplasts were isolated from an embryogenic cell suspension culture derived from microspores of Brassica napus cv. Jet Neuf. Protoplast yield varied with the cell suspension growth medium. Optimization of protoplast plating density, manipulation of culture medium, carbon source and medium matrix, and inclusion of Ficoll resulted in protoplast plating efficiencies close to 30%. Placement of the protoplasts close to the gas interface contributed greatly to the elevated plating efficiency. Low density cultures could be induced to regenerate calli at optimum plating efficiencies if grown in the presence of nurse culture. This is of great advantage for manipulation of individual protoplasts or for microinjection. Plants were regenerated directly from the cell suspension or from the protoplast cultures.Abbreviations BA N⁶-benzyladenine - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - NAA naphthaleneacetic acid     

猫体感皮层神经元对同时刺激隐神经的A类和C类纤维的反应型式

记录了麻痹猫的体感皮层(SI)神经元的自发和隐神经的A类和C类纤维传入诱发放电(A-ED和C-ED)。用NCCVF分析神经元放电。结果表明,SI区神经元对同时刺激隐神经的A类和C类纤维的反应呈多种型式:(1)A-ED和C-ED共存,包括Ⅰ.A-ED和C-ED始终相互伴随出现;Ⅱ.在刺激之初,只出现A-ED,但是,当阻断A类纤维传入并由C类纤维传入诱发神经元放电后,再同时刺激A类和C类纤维时,A-ED和C-ED便同时出现。(2)A-ED制约C-ED,特点是,只要A-ED存在,C/ED就不出现。只有阻断A类纤维传入后,C-ED才产生。(3)单一A-ED,不管在什么刺激条件下,这类神经元都只有A-ED,而不产生C-ED 结论:根据反应型式的不同,可将SI区的神经元分为Ⅰ.A类和C类纤维传入同时驱动的神经元;Ⅱ.A-ED制约C-ED的神经元;Ⅲ.只由A类纤维传入驱动的神经元。     

带有隐含神经元的单层神经网络模型

提出了一种带有隐含神经元的单层神经网络模型。把网络的记忆容量区分为信息记忆容量和物理记忆容量。新模型能记忆相关图样,其信息容量α_i(最大记忆图样数/表达神经元数)首次超过了1。所作出的计算机模拟结果,表明了理论分析的正确性,证实了由5×5个显神经元组成的点阵能记住包含26个英文字母和4个任选图样的30个图样,因此该模型为神经网络的广泛应用提供了一条重要途径。     

外周损伤引起成年大鼠体感皮层的功能重组

为了了解外周神经损伤对体感皮层分域组构的影响,在成年大鼠上观察了切断坐骨神经(SC)前、即刻和切断后数周内后爪皮层代表区的改变。在盐酸氯胺酮麻醉下,用微电极记录后爪皮肤轻触刺激在对侧体感皮层工区诱发的多单位反应,得出后爪的皮层代表区图。在16例中,8例大鼠观察了切断SC的即时效应。结果表明,不但SC代表区丧失皮肤反应性,原隐神经(SA)代表区的皮肤反应性也明显下降或消失,同时神经元自发活动也明显减弱。另8例大鼠在切断后数周内做了1～3次重复测定。在最初几天,原SA代表区范围内多数记录点的皮肤反应性仍未恢复,但在原SC代表区内,一些记录点转而对SA皮肤轻触刺激起反应。在随后数周内SA代表区进行性地扩张,占领了大部分原SC代表区。这一结果说明成年大鼠外周神经损伤可导致体感皮层发生显著的重组改变。     

主养青鱼池塘生态系统能量转换率的研究

1985—1987年对苏州市郊区主养青鱼池塘生态系统的能量转换率进行了分析。结果表明,主养青鱼净产7.5、11.25、15t/ha 3个产量级型池塘青鲤团头鲂产出能占养鱼总产出能的比例分别为82.49、78.03、79.34％;总投入能(太阳辐射能+辅助能)转移到鱼的总产出能转换率分别为0.19、0.24、0.31％;太阳辐射能转移到毛和净初级生产力的能量转换率分别为0.76、0.90、0.96％和0.61、0.72、0.77％;净初级生产力转移到滤食性鱼净产量的能量转换率分别为4.02、4.63、5.27％;辅助能转移到鱼净产量的能量转换率分别为12.20、11.33。11.74％。在3个产量级型池塘中,以15t/ha产量级的能量转换率为最佳型。     

Kinetic measurements of fusion of phosphatidylserine-containing vesicles by electron microscopy and fluorometry

Large unilamellar vesicles (REV) containing phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine at a ratio of 1:3 were induced to fuse by adding calcium (4 mM). The kinetics of fusion was monitored by fluorometry using terbium or dipicolinic acid-containing vesicles. The morphology and the states of vesicle aggregation and fusion were examined at approx. 2, 30, 60, 150 and 900 s after calcium addition, by rapid quenching and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The size and the state of aggregation of vesicles are quantitated from 4000 randomly selected vesicles. The aggregation and fusion kinetics as assayed by fluorescence volume mixing is very well simulated and predicted by the mass action model. The model essentially predicts the time course of the distribution of the aggregates and the increase in size of fused particles as measured by electron microscopy, although in some cases the predicted fusion rate exceeds that by morphometric measurement. No morphological features can be defined as fusion intermediates, although bead-like and rim-like materials may be attributed to the remnants of broken diaphragms between fusion partners.     

DNA sequence evidence for polymorphic forms of human serum amyloid A (SAA)

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase reactant and precursor to amyloid A protein, the major constituent of the fibril deposits of reactive amyloidosis. The factors determining whether the 104-amino acid SAA molecule is converted into the 76-amino acid amyloid A protein and deposited as fibrils are not known. As an initial step toward investigating the possibility that a particular primary structure of SAA is involved in amyloid formation, we have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of human SAA-specific cDNAs. The first clone, selected using an oligonucleotide probe, was shown to encode the signal peptide and amino-terminal region of SAA. The cDNA of this clone served as probe in the selection of two distinct, full-length SAA cDNAs, initially differentiated by the presence (pSAA21) or absence (pSAA82) of a PstI site in the coding sequence. The complete nucleotide sequence of pSAA82 cDNA was determined. Since there appear to be multiple human SAA alleles, it is conceivable that their differential expression is important to amyloid formation.