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191.
In a field experiment we have examined the effect of long-term grassland management regimes (viz., intensive versus extensive) and dominant plant species (viz., Arrhenatherum elatius, Holcus lanatus and Dactylis glomerata) on soil organic carbon (SOC) build up, soil microbial communities using biomarker phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), and the relationship between SOC and PLFAs of major groups of microorganisms (viz., bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes). The results have revealed that changes in SOC were not significantly affected by the intensity of management or by the plant species composition or by their interaction. The amount of PLFA of each microbial group was affected weakly by management regime and plant species, but the canonical variance analysis (CVA), based on individual PLFA values, demonstrated significant (P<0.05) effects of management regime and plant species on the composition of microbial community. Positive and significant (P<0.01) relationships were observed between PLFA of bacteria (R2=0.47), fungi (R2=0.33), actinomycetes (R2=0.71) and total microbial PLFA (R2=0.53) and SOC content. 相似文献
192.
Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium Aurelle D Baker AJ Bottin L Brouat C Caccone A Chaix A Dhakal P Ding Y Duplantier JM Fiedler W Fietz J Fong Y Forcioli D Freitas TR Gunnarsson GH Haddrath O Hadziabdic D Hauksdottir S Havill NP Heinrich M Heinz T Hjorleifsdottir S Hong Y Hreggvidsson GO Huchette S Hurst J Kane M Kane NC Kawakami T Ke W Keith RA Klauke N Klein JL Kun JF Li C Li GQ Li JJ Loiseau A Lu LZ Lucas M Martins-Ferreira C Mokhtar-Jamaï K Olafsson K Pampoulie C 《Molecular ecology resources》2010,10(4):751-754
This article documents the addition of 228 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Anser cygnoides, Apodemus flavicollis, Athene noctua, Cercis canadensis, Glis glis, Gubernatrix cristata, Haliotis tuberculata, Helianthus maximiliani, Laricobius nigrinus, Laricobius rubidus, Neoheligmonella granjoni, Nephrops norvegicus, Oenanthe javanica, Paramuricea clavata, Pyrrhura orcesi and Samanea saman. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Apodemus sylvaticus, Laricobius laticollis and Laricobius osakensis (a proposed new species currently being described). 相似文献
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Patrizia Amati-Bonneau Dan Milea Dominique Bonneau Arnaud Chevrollier Marc Ferr Virginie Guillet Naïg Gueguen Dominique Loiseau Marie-Anne Pou de Crescenzo Christophe Verny Vincent Procaccio Guy Lenaers Pascal Reynier 《The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology》2009,41(10):1855-1865
The OPA1 gene, encoding a dynamin-like mitochondrial GTPase, is involved in autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA, OMIM #165500). ADOA, also known as Kjer's optic atrophy, affects retinal ganglion cells and the axons forming the optic nerve, leading to progressive visual loss. OPA1 gene sequencing in patients with hereditary optic neuropathies indicates that the clinical spectrum of ADOA is larger than previously thought. Specific OPA1 mutations are responsible for several distinct clinical presentations, such as ADOA with deafness (ADOAD), and severe multi-systemic syndromes, the so-called “ADOA plus” disorders, which involve neurological and neuromuscular symptoms similar to those due to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation defects or mitochondrial DNA instability. The study of the various clinical presentations of ADOA in conjunction with the investigation of OPA1 mutations in fibroblasts from patients with optic atrophy provides new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease while underscoring the multiple physiological roles played by OPA1 in energetic metabolism, mitochondrial structure and maintenance, and cell death. Finally, OPA1 represents an important new paradigm for emerging neurodegenerative diseases affecting mitochondrial structure, plasticity and functions. 相似文献
197.
Desquiret V Loiseau D Jacques C Douay O Malthièry Y Ritz P Roussel D 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2006,1757(1):21-30
Here, we show that 3 days of mitochondrial uncoupling, induced by low concentrations of dinitrophenol (10 and 50 microM) in cultured human HepG2 cells, triggers cellular metabolic adaptation towards oxidative metabolism. Chronic respiratory uncoupling of HepG2 cells induced an increase in cellular oxygen consumption, oxidative capacity and cytochrome c oxidase activity. This was associated with an upregulation of COXIV and ANT3 gene expression, two nuclear genes that encode mitochondrial proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose consumption, lactate and pyruvate production and growth rate were unaffected, indicating that metabolic adaptation of HepG2 cells undergoing chronic respiratory uncoupling allows continuous and efficient mitochondrial ATP production without the need to increase glycolytic activity. In contrast, 3 days of dinitrophenol treatment did not change the oxidative capacity of human 143B.TK(-) cells, but it increased glucose consumption, lactate and pyruvate production. Despite a large increase in glycolytic metabolism, the growth rate of 143B.TK(-) cells was significantly reduced by dinitrophenol-induced mitochondrial uncoupling. We propose that chronic respiratory uncoupling may constitute an internal bioenergetic signal, which would initiate a coordinated increase in nuclear respiratory gene expression, which ultimately drives mitochondrial metabolic adaptation within cells. 相似文献
198.
Root litter transformation is an important determinant of the carbon cycle in grassland ecosystems. Litter quality and rhizosphere
activity are species-dependent factors which depend on the attributes of the dead and living roots respectively. These factors
were tested, using non-disturbed soil monoliths ofDactylis glomerata L. andLolium perenne L. monocultures.13C-labelled root litter from these monoliths was obtained from a first stand of each crop, cultivated under veryδ
13C-depleted atmospheric CO2 (S1). In a factorial design,13C-labelled root litter of each species was submitted to a second, non13C-labelled, living stand of each species (S2). Carbon derived from S1 and from S2 was measured during an 18-month incubation
in the root phytomass and in three particulate organic matter fractions (POM). The decay rate of each particle size fraction
was fitted to the experimental data in a mechanistic model of litter transformation, whose outputs were mineralisation and
stabilisation of the litter-C. Few differences were found between species, in the amount and biochemical composition of the
initial root litter, butDactylis roots showed a greater C:N ratio, a lower mean root diameter and a greater specific root length compared toLolium. A transient accumulation of litter residues arose successively in POM fractions of decreasing particle size. The litter-continuum
hypothesis was validated, i.e. that the attributes of the compartments (C:N, chemical composition and residence time) depended
mainly on their particle size. The S1 species influenced the rate of litter decay while the S2 species controlled the efficiency
of litter-C stabilisation versus mineralisation:Dactylis litter decomposed faster andLolium rhizosphere allowed a greater proportion of litter C stabilisation. Discussions focus on the processes responsible of species
strategy in relation with the morphological root traits, and the implication of strategy diversity for rich grassland communities. 相似文献
199.
Laurent Aussel Laurent Loiseau Mahmoud Hajj Chehade Bérengère Pocachard Marc Fontecave Fabien Pierrel Frédéric Barras 《Journal of bacteriology》2014,196(1):70-79
Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q or Q8) is a redox active lipid which functions in the respiratory electron transport chain and plays a crucial role in energy-generating processes. In both Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, the yigP gene is located between ubiE and ubiB, all three being likely to constitute an operon. In this work, we showed that the uncharacterized yigP gene was involved in Q8 biosynthesis in both strains, and we have renamed it ubiJ. Under aerobic conditions, an ubiJ mutant was found to be impaired for Q8 biosynthesis and for growth in rich medium but did not present any defect anaerobically. Surprisingly, the C-terminal 50 amino acids, predicted to interact with lipids, were sufficient to restore Q8 biosynthesis and growth of the ubiJ mutant. Salmonella ubiE and ubiB mutants were impaired in Q8 biosynthesis and in respiration using different electron acceptors. Moreover, ubiE, ubiJ, and ubiB mutants were all impaired for Salmonella intracellular proliferation in macrophages. Taken together, our data establish an important role for UbiJ in Q8 biosynthesis and reveal an unexpected link between Q8 and virulence. They also emphasize that Salmonella organisms in an intracellular lifestyle rely on aerobic respiration to survive and proliferate within macrophages. 相似文献
200.