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More information is needed about the “natural history” of early diabetes mellitus. A report is presented of the progress over one to nine years of 72 patients who formed the control group of a clinical trial of chlorpropamide and placebo in the management of subclinical diabetes. Most patients showed no deterioration of carbohydrate tolerance, and only four (5·6%) progressed to overt diabetes. The findings of other published series are reviewed. Studies of the effect of treatment of early diabetes must be large scale and long term, and an untreated control group must be included to prevent apparent improvement in carbohydrate tolerance being wrongly attributed to the effect of therapy. 相似文献
83.
The wound infection rates, nasal carriage rates, and nasal colonization rates were studied in a recently built surgical unit for two years when it was first opened. Five years later a further two-year period of study was undertaken.Judging by the incidence of postoperative wound infection, as far as both Staphylococcus pyogenes and Gram-negative organisms are concerned, there is no evidence that the environment has become less safe with use over the seven-year period since opening. 相似文献
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Mona R. Loutfy Carmen H. Logie Yimeng Zhang Sandra L. Blitz Shari L. Margolese Wangari E. Tharao Sean B. Rourke Sergio Rueda Janet M. Raboud 《PloS one》2012,7(12)
This study aimed to understand gender and ethnicity differences in HIV-related stigma experienced by 1026 HIV-positive individuals living in Ontario, Canada that were enrolled in the OHTN Cohort Study. Total and subscale HIV-related stigma scores were measured using the revised HIV-related Stigma Scale. Correlates of total stigma scores were assessed in univariate and multivariate linear regression. Women had significantly higher total and subscale stigma scores than men (total, median = 56.0 vs. 48.0, p<0.0001). Among men and women, Black individuals had the highest, Aboriginal and Asian/Latin-American/Unspecified people intermediate, and White individuals the lowest total stigma scores. The gender-ethnicity interaction term was significant in multivariate analysis: Black women and Asian/Latin-American/Unspecified men reported the highest HIV-related stigma scores. Gender and ethnicity differences in HIV-related stigma were identified in our cohort. Findings suggest differing approaches may be required to address HIV-related stigma based on gender and ethnicity; and such strategies should challenge racist and sexist stereotypes. 相似文献
86.
Rounds Donald E. Pomerat C. M. Logie Loren C. Nakanishi Y. H. Anderson Donald 《Cell and tissue research》1959,50(4):433-443
Summary The susceptibility of giant cells which had been induced by 1000 to 4000 r of gamma irradiation from a Cobalt60 source was studied in comparison to unirradiated cultures. Three human lines were utilized: a synovial cell (McCoy), an amnion (Fernandes) and a fetal lung (Nakanishi). In the amnion line a complete cytopathogenic effect was observed in the giant cells at the beginning of the third day after inoculation as compared to a similar effect produced on the fifth for the corresponding unirradiated control elements. A similar difference of two days was noted for the synovial cells. The virus titers of the amnion line were similar while the synovial cells produced a difference of approximately one logarithm for the virus obtained from the giant elements. The peak for the viral titer was reached earlier with the use of the irradiated cells.After treatment with 2000 r of gamma irradiation, the fetal lung strain which had not been found susceptible to bluetongue virus showed a complete cytopathogenic effect four days following virus inoculation.Giant cells were observed with phase contrast microscopy and following staining in order to study the lesions caused by the virus. Time-lapse phase contrast cinematography was also employed in the study of the giant cell-virus system. No specific lesions were observed.This research was supported by funds provided under Contract AF 41(657)-198 with the School of Aviation Medicine, USAF, Randolph Air Force Base, Texas.Fellow of the Instituto de Alta Cultura and the Fundaçaõ Calouste Gulbenkian of Lisbon, Portugal. Permanent address: Laboratorio Nacional de Investigação Veterinária, Lisbon, Portugal. 相似文献
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Susanna KP Lau Rachel YY Fan Gilman KM Wong Jade LL Teng Kong-Hung Sze Herman Tse Kwok-Yung Yuen Patrick CY Woo 《Cell & Bioscience》2011,1(1):1-17
Background
Laribacter hongkongensis is a Gram-negative, sea gull-shaped rod associated with community-acquired gastroenteritis. The bacterium has been found in diverse freshwater environments including fish, frogs and drinking water reservoirs. Using the complete genome sequence data of L. hongkongensis, we performed a comprehensive analysis of putative transport-related genes and genes related to chemotaxis, motility and quorum sensing, which may help the bacterium adapt to the changing environments and combat harmful substances.Results
A genome-wide analysis using Transport Classification Database TCDB, similarity and keyword searches revealed the presence of a large diversity of transporters (n = 457) and genes related to chemotaxis (n = 52) and flagellar biosynthesis (n = 40) in the L. hongkongensis genome. The transporters included those from all seven major transporter categories, which may allow the uptake of essential nutrients or ions, and extrusion of metabolic end products and hazardous substances. L. hongkongensis is unique among closely related members of Neisseriaceae family in possessing higher number of proteins related to transport of ammonium, urea and dicarboxylate, which may reflect the importance of nitrogen and dicarboxylate metabolism in this assacharolytic bacterium. Structural modeling of two C4-dicarboxylate transporters showed that they possessed similar structures to the determined structures of other DctP-TRAP transporters, with one having an unusual disulfide bond. Diverse mechanisms for iron transport, including hemin transporters for iron acquisition from host proteins, were also identified. In addition to the chemotaxis and flagella-related genes, the L. hongkongensis genome also contained two copies of qseB/qseC homologues of the AI-3 quorum sensing system.Conclusions
The large number of diverse transporters and genes involved in chemotaxis, motility and quorum sensing suggested that the bacterium may utilize a complex system to adapt to different environments. Structural modeling will provide useful insights on the transporters in L. hongkongensis. 相似文献90.
Singaram?Gopalakrishnan Napo?KM?Cheung Bill?WP?Yip Doris?WT?AuEmail author 《Frontiers in zoology》2013,10(1):78