排序方式: 共有59条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Karimi M Carl JL Loftin S Perlmutter JS 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2006,836(1-2):120-123
Plasma measurements of levodopa and its major metabolites including dopamine and 3-O-methyldopa have been limited by cumbersome methods and poor sensitivity within relatively narrow ranges of plasma levels. We now report a modification of an HPLC method that permits concomitant measurements of a wide range of concentrations of levodopa, dopamine (DA), carbidopa, 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) from one HPLC injection. The recoveries ranged from 77 to 107% with an intra-day precision around 5% (CV) and inter-day CV's about 10-20%. This validated method will simplify pharmacokinetic studies of levodopa and its metabolites for mechanistic studies or therapeutic clinical monitoring which play a crucial role in development of strategies to prolong motor benefits from individual doses and reduce involuntary movements called dykinesias. 相似文献
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Jeana L. Drake Edward J. Carpenter Mary Cousins Kara L. Nelson Alejandro Guido-Zarate Keith Loftin 《Hydrobiologia》2010,654(1):177-192
Rodeo Lagoon, a low-salinity coastal lagoon in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, California, United States, has been
identified as an important ecosystem due to the presence of the endangered goby (Eucyclogobius newberri). Despite low anthropogenic impacts, the lagoon exhibits eutrophic conditions and supports annual episodes of very high phytoplankton
biomass. Weekly assessments (February–December 2007) of phytoplankton indicated diatoms, Nodularia spumigena, Chaetoceros muelleri var. muelleri, flagellated protozoa, a mixed assemblage, and Microcystis aeruginosa dominated the algal community in successive waves. Phytoplankton succession was significantly correlated (r
2 = 0.37, p < 0.001) with averaged daily irradiance (max = 29.7 kW m−2 d−1), water column light attenuation (max = 14 m−1), and orthophosphate and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations (max = 1.5 and 2920 μM, respectively). Negative effects
of phytoplankton growth and decay included excessive ammonia concentrations (exceeded EPA guidelines on 77% of sampling days),
hypoxia (<3 mg l−1 dissolved oxygen), and introduction of several microcystins, all in the latter half of the year. Our one-year study suggests
that this coastal lagoon is a highly seasonal system with strong feedbacks between phytoplankton and geochemical processes. 相似文献
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Aly McKnight Erik J. Blomberg Gregory H. Golet David B. Irons Cynthia S. Loftin Shawn T. McKinney 《Journal of avian biology》2018,49(8)
Trade‐offs between current and future reproduction are central to the evolution of life histories. Experiments that manipulate brood size provide an effective approach to investigating future costs of current reproduction. Most manipulative studies to date, however, have addressed only the short‐term effects of brood size manipulation. Our goal was to determine whether survival or breeding costs of reproduction in a long‐lived species manifest beyond the subsequent breeding season. To this end, we investigated long‐term survival and breeding effects of a multi‐year reproductive cost experiment conducted on black‐legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla, a long‐lived colonial nesting seabird. We used multi‐state capture–recapture modeling to assess hypotheses regarding the role of experimentally reduced breeding effort and other factors, including climate phase and colony size and productivity, on future survival and breeding probabilities during the 16‐yr period following the experiment. We found that forced nest failures had a positive effect on breeding probability over time, but had no effect on long‐term survival. This apparent canalization of survival suggests that adult survival is the most important parameter influencing fitness in this long‐lived species, and that adults should pay reproductive costs in ways that do not compromise this critical life history parameter. When declines in adult survival rate are observed, they may indicate populations of conservation concern. 相似文献
55.
Our study was designed to examine how components of complex mixtures can
inhibit the binding of other components to receptor sites in the olfactory
system of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus. Biochemical binding assays
were used to study how two- to six-component mixtures inhibit binding of
the radiolabeled odorants taurine, L-glutamate and
adenosine-5'-monophosphate to a tissue fraction rich in dendritic membrane
of olfactory receptor neurons. Our results indicate that binding inhibition
by mixtures can be large and is dependent on the nature of the odorant
ligand and on the concentration and composition of the mixture. The binding
inhibition by mixtures of structurally related components was generally
predicted using a competitive binding model and binding inhibition data for
the individual components. This was not the case for binding inhibition by
most mixtures of structurally unrelated odorants. The binding inhibition
for these mixtures was generally smaller than that for one or more of their
components, indicating that complex binding interactions between components
can reduce their ability to inhibit binding. The magnitude of binding
inhibition was influenced more by the mixture's precise composition than by
the number of components in it, since mixtures with few components were
sometimes more inhibitory than mixtures with more components. These
findings raise the possibility that complex binding interactions between
components of a mixture and their receptors may shape the output of
olfactory receptor neurons to complex mixtures.
相似文献
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Alvaro CD Faria Agnaldo J Lopes José M Jansen Pedro L Melo 《Biomedical engineering online》2009,8(1):22-10
Background
Early detection of the effects of smoking is of the utmost importance in the prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is easy to perform since it requires only tidal breathing and offers a detailed approach to investigate the mechanical properties of the respiratory system. The FOT was recently suggested as an attractive alternative for diagnosing initial obstruction in COPD, which may be helpful in detecting COPD in its initial phases. Thus, the purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to evaluate the ability of FOT to detect early smoking-induced respiratory alterations; and (2) to compare the sensitivity of FOT with spirometry in a sample of low tobacco-dose subjects. 相似文献58.
Noncontact dipole effects on channel permeation. III. Anomalous proton conductance effects in gramicidin 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
LR Phillips CD Cole RJ Hendershot M Cotten TA Cross DD Busath 《Biophysical journal》1999,77(5):2492-2501
Proton transport on water wires, of interest for many problems in membrane biology, is analyzed in side-chain analogs of gramicidin A channels. In symmetrical 0.1 N HCl solutions, fluorination of channel Trp(11), Trp-(13), or Trp(15) side chains is found to inhibit proton transport, and replacement of one or more Trps with Phe enhances proton transport, the opposite of the effects on K(+) transport in lecithin bilayers. The current-voltage relations are superlinear, indicating that some membrane field-dependent process is rate limiting. The interfacial dipole effects are usually assumed to affect the rate of cation translocation across the channel. For proton conductance, however, water reorientation after proton translocation is anticipated to be rate limiting. We propose that the findings reported here are most readily interpreted as the result of dipole-dipole interactions between channel waters and polar side chains or lipid headgroups. In particular, if reorientation of the water column begins with the water nearest the channel exit, this hypothesis explains the negative impact of fluorination and the positive impact of headgroup dipole on proton conductance. 相似文献
59.
Photolysis of the lysosomal neuraminidase in crude homogenates of cultured human skin fibroblasts was carried out using the potent competitive enzyme inhibitor, 9-S-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-5-acetamido-2,6-anhydro-2,3,5,9-tetradeoxy-9 -thio-D - glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enonic acid (9-PANP-2,3-D-NANA). Irradiation of the homogenate and the inhibitor (2 min, pH 4.3, 10 degrees C) with a medium pressure mercury lamp resulted in about a 24% reduction of enzyme activity compared to irradiated controls that did not contain additives. No significant loss of activity was observed with homogenate that contained a photoreactive thioglycoside of sialic acid that was not an inhibitor of the enzyme. Similarly, the enzyme activity was not affected when 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetyl neuraminic acid was photolyzed with the homogenate. The latter is a potent competitive inhibitor but it is not photoreactive. Also, the products obtained by prephotolyzing 9-PANP-2,3-D-NANA gave similar enzyme levels under standard assay conditions when compared with the nonirradiated material. Together, these results demonstrate that the photoinactivation is highly specific and both the aryl azide and the unsaturated pyran portion of the molecule are required for inactivation. The title compound may be useful as a potential photolabeling reagent which may facilitate purification of the enzyme and permit further characterization of the mutation in sialidosis patients. 相似文献