Testosterone receptor blockade after trauma and hemorrhage attenuates depressed adrenal function

Although the testosterone receptor antagonist flutamide restores the depressed immune function in males after trauma and hemorrhage, it remains unknown whether this agent has any salutary effects on adrenal function. To study this, male rats underwent laparotomy and were bled to and maintained at a blood pressure of 40 mmHg until 40% of the shed blood volume was returned in the form of Ringer lactate. Animals were then resuscitated and flutamide (25 mg/kg body wt) was administered subcutaneously. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone, as well as adrenal corticosterone and cAMP were measured 20 h after resuscitation. In additional animals, ACTH was administered and ACTH-induced corticosterone release and adrenal cAMP were determined. The results indicate that adrenal contents of corticosterone and cAMP were significantly decreased and morphology was altered after hemorrhage. Administration of flutamide improved corticosterone content, restored cAMP content, and attenuated adrenal morphological alterations. Flutamide also improved the diminished ACTH-induced corticosterone release and adrenal cAMP response at 20 h after hemorrhage and resuscitation. Furthermore, the diminished corticosterone response to ACTH stimulation in the isolated adrenal preparation was improved with flutamide. These results suggest that flutamide is a useful adjunct for improving adrenal function in males following trauma and hemorrhage.     

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamines in synthesis of oligosaccharides. I. Synthesis of 3-acetate and 3-benzoate of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine through a 4-O-trityl derivative

3-O-Acetyl and 3-O-benzoyl derivatives of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine were synthesized via its selective tritylation followed by the 3-O-acylation and removal of the trityl protective group. Tritylium trifluoromethanesulfonate, which can easily be prepared by mixing solutions of triphenylcarbinol and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate in an equimolar ratio, was suggested as a reagent for the effective tritylation of a secondary hydroxyl group.     

Ultrastructure of bacteroid-containing tissue of Pisum sativum L. peas having various regulatory mechanisms of nodulation

The infected root nodule cells of Pisum sativum cvs. Torsdag, Rondo and its supernodulating mutant nod3 have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and morphometrically. Torsdag and nod3 developed effective nodules, when grown with or without nitrates in the growth medium. The nodules developed by Rondo were ineffective in the presence of nitrates, and otherwise effective. An obvious similarity in the fine structure of bacteroid tissue of root nodules has been observed in Torgsdag (Nod5) and the supernodulating mutant nod3, both forms being nitrate-tolerant, but nodulation being controlled by different genetic systems. The statistical processing results showed significant differences in the respective morphometric parameters of nodule cells between the plants grown according to either scheme: with and without nitrates. Combined nitrogen is likely to affect the ratio of symbionts in the infected nodule cells of cultivars with nitrate-tolerant nodulation.     

Peroxynitrite produces relaxations on the rat anococcygeus muscle

Effects of peroxynitrite (ONOO-), its stable product 3-nitrotyrosine (NT) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on isolated rat anococcygeus muscle were investigated. Administration of 0.1-1.0 mM ONOO- or 0.01-100.0 microM SNP produced concentration-dependent relaxations on the phenylephrine (2 microM)-precontracted muscle. Time courses of these relaxations to ONOO- and SNP were not similar and decomposed ONOO- caused a biphasic response composed of an initial contraction followed by a relaxation. NT (0.01-0.1 mM) either incubated for 20 min prior to precontraction or given during precontraction plateau did not attenuate precontraction or ONOO(-)-induced relaxations. Results of the present study demonstrate that ONOO- relaxes rat anococcygeus muscle specifically while its stable metabolite NT has no effect.     

Lattice-based public-key encryption with conjunctive keyword search in multi-user setting for IIoT

Cluster Computing - Most traditional Public-Key Encryption with keyword Search (PEKS) schemes are suffering a tremendous threat occasioned by the burgeoning of quantum computing since these schemes...     

拉萨河中下游纤毛虫群落时空分布模式及其驱动机制

为了探究拉萨河中下游纤毛虫群落的组成模式、时空多样性格局及其维持机制, 本文于2015年5月和8月以及2016年10月在拉萨河中下游17个样点进行采样, 采用活体观察、鲁哥氏碘液固定染色以及Wilbert蛋白银法相结合的物种鉴定方法, 对纤毛虫群落结构进行了研究。通过Shannon多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、物种数分析群落结构时空上的差异性; 通过共现网络分析纤毛虫类群之间的相互作用; 通过冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)探讨水体理化因子对纤毛虫群落结构的影响。结果表明, Shannon多样性指数在季节和河段间没有显著性差异; Margalef丰富度指数、物种数在河段间存在极显著性差异; 中游和下游河段共现网络节点间的相关关系均以正相关为主; 溶解氧(DO)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、总溶解盐(TDS)是影响纤毛虫群落结构的关键因子。综上所述, 拉萨河中下游纤毛虫群落结构在季节间没有显著差异, 在空间上具有显著差异; 纤毛虫在纲级水平上类群间的相互作用以协同作用为主导, 不同类群间存在复杂的相互作用, 整体上互作关系在春季较为复杂、夏季较为简单; 影响拉萨河中下游纤毛虫群落结构是多个环境因子共同作用的结果。     

Review: Implication of redox imbalance in animal health and performance at critical periods,insights from different farm species

The process of oxidative stress occurs all over the production chain of animals and food products. This review summarises insights obtained in different farm species (pigs, ruminants, poultry, and fishes) to underpin the most critical periods for the venue of oxidative stress, namely birth/hatching and weaning/start-feeding phase. Common responses between species are also unravelled in periods of high physiological demands when animals are facing dietary deficiencies in specific nutrients, suggesting that nutritional recommendations must consider the modulation of responses to oxidative stress for optimising production performance and quality of food products. These conditions concern challenges such as heat stress, social stress, and inflammation. The magnitude of the responses is partly dependent on the prior experience of the animals before the challenge, reinforcing the importance of nutrition and other management practices during early periods to promote the development of antioxidant reserves in the animal. When these practices also improved the performance and health of the animal, this further confirms the central role played by oxidative stress in physiologically and environmentally induced perturbations. Difficulties in interpreting responses to oxidative stress arise from the fact that the indicators are only partly shared between studies, and their modulations may also be challenge-specific. A consensus about the best indicators to assess pro-oxidative and antioxidant pathways is of huge demand to propose a synthetic index measurable in a non-invasive way and interpretable along the productive life of the animals.     

Do age and feeding levels have comparable effects on fat deposition in breast muscle of mule ducks?

The effects of age (from 1 day post-hatch to 98 days of age) and feeding levels (feed restriction followed by overfeeding v. ad libitum feeding) on lipid deposition in breast muscle (quantity and quality, localisation) of mule ducks were determined in relation to muscle energy metabolism (glycolytic and oxidative), plasma levels of lipids, glucose and insulin, and muscle capacity for lipid uptake (characterised by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity). Two periods were defined for age effects on intramuscular lipids in breast muscle: − 1 to 42 days of age when lipids (mainly phospholipids and cholesterol provided by egg yolk) stored in the adipocytes during embryonic life were transferred to the muscle fibres and used for growth and energy requirements, − 42 to 98 days of age when the muscle again stored lipids (mainly triglycerides provided by liver lipogenesis), first in fibres and then in adipocytes.Plasma glucose and insulin levels were not affected by age. Plasma levels of lipids and LPL activity in breast muscle were high at 1 and 14 days of age and then decreased, remaining stable until 98 days of age. Energy metabolism activity in the breast muscle (mainly glycolytic activity) increased with age.Feed restriction, corresponding to 79% of ad libitum intake, applied between 42 and 75 days of age only resulted in decreases in plasma insulin concentration and total lipid content of breast muscle, mainly affecting triglyceride and mono-unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) levels. Overfeeding increased plasma levels of insulin and lipids while glycaemia remained stable. LPL activity and total lipid levels increased in breast muscle, mainly induced by deposition of triglycerides and MUFA occurring particularly during the 2nd week of this period. Glycolytic energy metabolism decreased.In response to age or feeding levels, muscle lipid levels and composition reflect plasma lipid levels and composition and high muscle lipid levels stimulate oxidative energy metabolism.     

基于组学技术的鹿茸生物学研究进展

鹿茸是唯一可周期性再生的哺乳动物器官,由软骨、骨、血管、神经及皮肤组织构成。鹿茸再生过程是基于干细胞的增殖和分化,且生长速度极快而不发生癌变。其不仅可作为一种肢体再生的生物医学模型,而且也作为一种研究骨组织生长发育的模型。现代组学技术快速发展,已普遍应用于生物学的各种领域。利用组学技术,在转录和蛋白质水平上,有力地推动了在分子水平上研究鹿茸生物学的进程。本综述拟对组学技术在鹿茸生物学研究中的应用进行总结回顾,并对未来的发展趋势做进一步展望,为鹿茸生物学的深入研究提供参考。