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101.
Hui ZHU ZuoMin ZHOU Ran HUO XiaoYan HUANG Li LU Min LIN LiRong WANG YaDong ZHOU JianMin Ll and JiaHao SHA*LaboratoeProductivedicine Naliingdical Universl NaangsuChina 《Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica》2004,(3)
The selective degradation of many short一lived or
abnormal Proteins in eukaryotic cells 15 carried out by the
ubiquitin system.In this Pathway,Proteins are targeted
for degradation by covalent ligation to ubiquitin,a highly
conserved 76一resid… 相似文献
102.
103.
Rae Ll. Lyon 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1962,1(5288):1308-1310
104.
Rae Ll. Lyon 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1962,1(5288):1301-1306
105.
D. Ll. Griffiths 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1940,2(4149):66-67
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108.
The European species Drosophila subobscura has colonized, in a very short time, large areas in South America (Chile and Argentina) and North America (The Pacific Coast, from Vancouver to Southern California), where it has been established as a very common species. Its capacity of dispersal was analyzed and results compared with the few data available from other authors. The estimates of the mean distance travelled during one activity period (159.20 meters) are considerably higher than those obtained by other authors. The Brownian motion model seems most probable because the values of DF and BM are very much alike. The effects on the estimates of some environmental factors, such as wind, are also discussed. 相似文献
109.
Francisco Ruiz-Raya Manuel Soler Lucía Ll. Sánchez-Pérez Juan Diego Ibá?ez-álamo 《PloS one》2015,10(8)
Rejection of the parasitic egg is the most important defence of hosts against brood parasites. However, this response is variable among and within species, and egg discrimination is not always followed by egg rejection. Low risk of parasitism and high risk of rejection costs may lead to the acceptance of the parasitic egg even if it has been previously recognized. The main aim of this paper is to answer a relevant question: can a single egg trait provoke the acceptance of an experimental egg previously recognized as foreign? Increased egg mass should hamper the ejection of an egg that has been discriminated because ejection of a heavy egg may imply higher rejection costs for hosts. We have tested this prediction by experimentally parasitizing natural nests of Common Blackbirds (Turdus merula) with non-mimetic model eggs of different mass (heavy, normal-weight, and light) while controlling for potential confounding factors such as egg size and colour. Our results showed that blackbirds more frequently accepted heavy eggs, even when previously recognized. This differential acceptance may be related to insufficient motivation to assume the higher costs that the ejection of a heavy egg could impose. 相似文献
110.
Llères D Weibel JM Heissler D Zuber G Duportail G Mély Y 《The journal of gene medicine》2004,6(4):415-428
BACKGROUND: Control of the structure and physicochemical properties of DNA complexed with nonviral vectors is essential for efficient biodistribution and gene delivery to cells. Cationic liposomes interact with DNA giving transfection competent but large and heterogeneous aggregates. On the other hand, cationic detergents condense DNA into small homogeneous but reversible complexes inefficient for transfection. METHODS: In order to combine the favorable features of both vectors, ternary complexes were prepared by adding cationic liposomes to plasmid DNA condensed by cationic detergents. The structure and physicochemical properties of these complexes were investigated by electron microscopy, quasi-elastic light scattering, gel electrophoresis and fluorescence techniques. These data were then correlated with the transfection efficiency and intracellular trafficking of the ternary complexes determined by luciferase gene expression and confocal microscopy, respectively. RESULTS: The ternary complexes were found to form small, homogeneous, globular, stable and positively charged particles with a highly dense and packed lamellar internal structure differing from the multilamellar structure (L(alpha)(C)) of the corresponding lipoplexes. In the presence of serum, the ternary complexes were more efficiently internalized into cells, less toxic and showed 20-fold higher transfection efficiency than lipoplexes. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that small, monodisperse and highly stable complexes could be obtained by precompaction of DNA with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, followed by addition of cationic lipids. The higher efficiency of the ternary complexes with respect to their corresponding lipoplexes was related to their internal structure which prevents their dissociation by serum proteins and allows efficient internalization in the target cells. 相似文献