5-氨基乙酰丙酸对苹果叶片耐弱光能力的影响

为了探讨5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)对苹果耐弱光性的影响,以‘润太2号’和‘郑优3号’两个品种苹果为材料,设置露天对照(CK)、轻度遮荫(LS)和重度遮荫(SS)3种光照条件,通过根际浇灌法研究了10mg·L~(-1) ALA处理对弱光条件下苹果叶片活性氧代谢与叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果显示:(1)与CK相比,弱光胁迫显著降低了两品种苹果叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,增大了超氧阴离子(O_2~(-·))产生速率以及过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,且‘郑优3号’的活性氧产生速率及MDA含量在弱光下的升高幅度更大;ALA处理显著提高了弱光胁迫下两品种的保护酶活性,降低了活性氧产生速率和MDA含量,并以耐弱光性较差的‘郑优3号’的变化更显著。(2)在弱光胁迫下,苹果叶片的叶绿素含量和叶绿素b/a升高,而ALA处理使二者进一步显著升高。(3)弱光胁迫下,苹果叶片的叶绿素荧光参数V_J、M_o、DI_o/RC显著升高,而ψ_o、ψE_o、ψR_o、PI_(ABS)、PI_(CS)和PI_(total)显著降低;ALA处理抑制了叶绿素荧光参数在弱光胁迫下的变化,甚至使其达到优于对照的水平。研究表明,弱光条件下苹果的抗氧化能力较差,受到明显的氧化伤害,且‘郑优3号’的耐弱光能力比‘润太2号’差;ALA处理提高了苹果在弱光下的抗氧化能力,降低了弱光对苹果叶片的氧化伤害,同时还提高了弱光条件下苹果叶片捕捉、传递和转化光能的效率,改善了光合电子传递情况,增大了苹果叶片在弱光胁迫下的光能利用效率,改善了光合性能;根灌ALA可以明显提高苹果的耐弱光性。     

光纤成像技术记录小鼠眶额皮层奖赏相关神经元活性的应用

目的:探讨光纤成像技术用于记录小鼠眶额皮层奖赏相关神经元活性变化的可行性。方法:应用光纤成像的方法记录自由活动小鼠在饮用糖水时,携带有钙离子荧光探针(GCaMP6m)的眶额皮层奖赏相关神经元的活性。首先,在小鼠的眶额皮层注射携带GCaMP6m的腺相关病毒,同时在相应位点植入提前做好的光纤陶瓷插芯;等待小鼠术后恢复,病毒表达2周。然后在记录前,给予小鼠36小时禁水处理并运用光纤成像记录接受糖水刺激的小鼠眶额皮层锥体神经元的反应活性。最后,记录数据读入matlab软件进行数据分析并对小鼠进行心脏灌流、取脑、脑组织冰冻切片并显微荧光成像观察记录位点是否正确,病毒是否正常表达。结果:成功记录到对小鼠施加糖水刺激时,其眶额皮层内与奖赏相关的神经元活性变化。数据分析结果用热度图和事件相关的平均线图来表示。组织学切片及成像结果证实记录位点正确,病毒正常表达。结论:光纤成像的记录方法可以监测自由活动的小鼠在饮用糖水时眶额皮层内奖赏相关神经元活性的变化。     

An TRIM59‐CDK6 axis regulates growth and metastasis of lung cancer

Lung cancer (LC) is a devastating malignancy with no effective treatments, due to its complex genomic profile. Using bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemical of lung carcinoma tissues, we show that TRIM59 as a critical oncoprotein relating to LC proliferation and metastasis. In this study, high TRIM59 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and tumour stage. Furthermore, up‐regulation of TRIM59 expression correlated with poorer outcomes in LC patients. Mechanistically, TRIM59 play a key role in promoting LC growth and metastasis through regulation of extracellular‐signal regulated protein kinase (ERK) signalling pathway and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐markers, as validated by loss‐of‐function studies. In‐depth bioinformatics analysis showed that there is preliminary evidence of co‐expression of TRIM59 and cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) in LC. Notably, CDK6 expression significantly decreased when TRIM59 was knocked down in the LC cells. In contrast, exogenous up‐regulation of TRIM59 expression also induced significant increases in the expression of CDK6. Moreover, the expression of CDK6 was also inhibited by the ERK signalling inhibitor, U0126. The results of both loss‐ and gain‐of‐function studies showed that TRIM59 could regulate the expression of CDK6. Collectively, these data provide evidence that TRIM59 is involved in lung carcinoma growth and progression possibly through the induction of CDK6 expression and EMT process by activation of ERK pathway.     

A molecularly imprinted polymer based chemiluminescence array sensor for one‐step determination of phenothiazines and benzodiazepines in pig urine

The residues of phenothiazines and benzodiazepines in foods of animal origin are dangerous to consumers. For inspection of their abuses, this study for the first time reported on the use of a chemiluminescence array sensor for the simultaneous determination of four phenothiazines and five benzodiazepines in pig urine. Two molecularly imprinted polymers were coated in different wells of a conventional 96‐well microtiter plate as the recognition reagents. After sample loading, the absorbed analytes were initiated directly by using an imidazole enhanced bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)oxalate–hydrogen peroxide system to emit light. The assay process consisted of only one sample‐loading step prior to data acquisition, so one test was finished within 10 min. The limits of detection for the nine drugs in the pig urine were in a range of 0.1 to 0.6 pg/mL, and the recoveries from the fortified blank urine samples were in a range of 80.3 to 95%. Furthermore, the sensor could be reused six times. Therefore, this sensor could be used as a simple, rapid, sensitive and reusable tool for routine screening for residues of phenothiazines and benzodiazepines in pig urine.     

Functional nano-catalyzed pyrolyzates from branch of Cinnamomum camphora

Cinnamomum camphora is an excellent tree species for construction of forest construction of Henan Province, China. The diverse bioactive components of nano-catalyzed pyrolyzates form cold-acclimated C. camphora branch (CCB) in North China were explored. The raw powder of CCB treated with nano-catalyst (Ag, NiO, ¹/₂Ag + ¹/₂NiO) were pyrolyzed at two temperatures (550 °C and 700 °C), respectively. The main pyrolyzates are bioactive components of bioenergy, biomedicines, food additive, spices, cosmetics and chemical, whose total relative contents at 550 °C pyrolyzates are higher than those at 700 °C pyrolyzates. There are abundant components of spices and biomedicine at 550 °C pyrolyzates, while more spices and food additive at 700 °C pyrolyzates. At 550 °C, the content of biomedicine components reaches the highest by ¹/₂Ag + ¹/₂NiO nanocatalysis, while the contents of spices and food additive components reach the highest by NiO nanocatalysis. At 700 °C, the content of bioenergy components reaches the highest by ¹/₂Ag + ¹/₂NiO nanocatalysis, and the content of cosmetics components reaches the highest by Ag nanocatalysis. The findings suggested that the branch of the cold-acclimated C. camphora have the potential to develop into valued-added products of bioenergy, biomedicine, cosmetics, spices and food additive by nanocatalysis.     

Gut microbiota in patients after surgical treatment for colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common disease worldwide that is strongly associated with the gut microbiota. However, little is known regarding the gut microbiota after surgical treatment. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to evaluate differences in gut microbiota among colorectal adenoma patients, CRC patients, CRC postoperative patients and healthy controls by comparing gut microbiota diversity, overall composition and taxonomic signature abundance. The gut microbiota of CRC patients, adenoma patients and healthy controls developed in accordance with the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, with impressive shifts in the gut microbiota before or during the development of CRC. The gut microbiota of postoperative patients and CRC patients differed significantly. Subdividing CRC postoperative patients according to the presence or absence of newly developed adenoma which based on the colonoscopy findings revealed that the gut microbiota of newly developed adenoma patients differed significantly from that of clean intestine patients and was more similar to the gut microbiota of carcinoma patients than to the gut microbiota of healthy controls. The alterations of the gut microbiota between the two groups of postoperative patients corresponded to CRC prognosis. More importantly, we used the different gut microbiota as biomarkers to distinguish postoperative patients with or without newly developed adenoma, achieving an AUC value of 0.72. These insights on the changes in the gut microbiota of CRC patients after surgical treatment may allow the use of the microbiota as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of newly developed adenomas and to help prevent cancer recurrence in postoperative patients.