Development and evaluation of an efficient and real-time monitoring system for the vector mosquitoes,Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus

BackgroundThe surveillance of vector mosquitoes is essential for prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases. In this study, we developed an internet-based vector mosquito monitor, MS-300, and evaluated its efficiency for the capture of the important vector mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus, in laboratory and field trials.Methodology/Principal findingsThe linear sizes of adult Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were measured and an infrared window was designed based on these data. A device to specifically attract these two species and automatically transmit the number of captured mosquitoes to the internet was developed. The efficiency of the device in capturing the two species was tested in laboratory, semi-field and open field trials. The efficiency results for MS-300 for catching and identifying Ae. albopictus in laboratory mosquito-net cages were 98.5% and 99.3%, and 95.8% and 98.6%, respectively, for Cx. quinquefasciatus. In a wire-gauze screened house in semi-field trials, the efficiencies of MS-300 baited with a lure in catching Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were 54.2% and 51.3%, respectively, which were significantly higher than 4% and 4.2% without the lure. The real-time monitoring data revealed two daily activity peaks for Ae. albopictus (8:00–10:00 and 17:00–19:00), and one peak for Cx. quinquefasciatus (20:00–24:00). During a 98-day surveillance trial in the field, totals of 1,118 Ae. albopictus and 2,302 Cx. quinquefasciatus were captured by MS-300. There is a close correlation between the number of captured mosquitoes and the temperature in the field, and a positive correlation in the species composition of the captured samples among the mosquitoes using MS-300, BioGents Sentinel traps and human landing catches.Conclusions/SignificanceThe data support the conclusion that MS-300 can specifically and efficiently capture Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus, and monitor their density automatically in real-time. Therefore, MS-300 has potential for use as a surveillance tool for prevention and control of vector mosquitoes.     

Nucleolin interacts with the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus replicase RdRp,nonstructural proteins p16 and p23, playing a role in virus replication

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is a member of the Caliciviridae family and cannot be propagated in vitro, which has impeded the progress of investigating its replication mechanism. Construction of an RHDV replicon system has recently provided a platform for exploring RHDV replication in host cells. Here, aided by this replicon system and using two-step affinity purification, we purified the RHDV replicase and identified its associated host factors. We identified rabbit nucleolin (NCL) as a physical link, which mediating the interaction between other RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)-related host proteins and the viral replicase RdRp. We found that the overexpression or knockdown of NCL significantly increased or severely impaired RHDV replication in RK-13 cells, respectively. NCL was identified to directly interact with RHDV RdRp, p16, and p23. Furthermore, NCL knockdown severely impaired the binding of RdRp to RdRp-related host factors. Collectively, these results indicate that the host protein NCL is essential for RHDV replication and acts as a physical link between viral replicase and host proteins.     

黑色素母细胞沿神经的迁移

黑色素细胞是皮肤中的特殊细胞,它产生黑色素,并将其传递给周围的角质形成细胞,从而决定皮肤的颜色等,其来源于黑色素母细胞.因此,了解黑色素母细胞如何迁移至靶点,对改善个体肤色以及诊断和治疗黑色素瘤等都具有重要意义.文章通过对黑色素母细胞沿神经迁移这一模式的过程和相关机制进行综述,希望为个体肤色改善以及黑色素瘤术后复发机制...     

sGLP-1对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠治疗效果的研究

目的 研究人工合成胰高血糖素样截短肽(sGLP-1)对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠的治疗效果.方法 Ⅱ型糖尿病GK大鼠随机分为三组,以合成的GLP-1为阳性对照,观察sGLP-1对Ⅱ型糖尿病GK大鼠血糖水平、胰岛素分泌以及糖耐量的影响,通过MTT法测定sGLP-1对胰岛β细胞系β-TC3增殖作用.结果 与GLP-1相比sGLP-1能够长效控制的血糖水平,明显改善糖尿病大鼠的糖耐量(P<0.01).同时sGLP-1能促进胰岛素分泌和胰岛β-TC3细胞的增殖,使得胰岛体积增大,数量增多.结论 sGLP-1控制血糖的长效能力优于GLP-1,可能从刺激胰岛素分泌和促进胰岛β细胞增殖两个方面对Ⅱ型糖尿病具有治疗作用.     

马铃薯卷叶病毒中国株(PLRV-Ch)复制酶基因结构研究

用设计合成的两对特异性引物,以马铃薯卷叶病毒中国分离株PLRV-Ch RNA为模板,经反转录PCR扩增,将复制酶基因3′端0.6 kb和5′端1.2 kb,克隆于pUC19中,分别构建了重组质粒pLR3和pLR5,并分五段进行了序列分析.将获得的核苷酸序列及氨基酸序列与国外报导的四个PLRV分离株的相应区段的序列同源性进行了比较.结果表明具有高度同源性.文中对核苷酸序列中存在的可能移码序列和其下游的茎环结构或假节结构、以及特征性三次重复区及氨基酸序列中复制酶蛋白N端的碱性氨基酸序列以及C端区域中包括GDD在内的8个特征序列进行了讨论.作者发现移码序列上游的三次重复的核苷酸序列可以形成连续折叠的互补双链区和发夹结构,这一结构可能和转译移码有关.此外PLRV复制酶蛋白N端部分氨基酸序列易变,而C端氨基酸序列十分保守,可能和复制酶功能有更重要关系.     

肺成体干细胞体外培养模型的研究进展北大核心CSCD

目前,肺体外培养模型有肺类器官和肺芯片两种主要手段。肺类器官是离体的肺上皮干细胞在体外特定的三维培养环境中生长,自发形成具有自我更新能力的干细胞簇并成功分化出功能细胞。肺芯片是利用人工活性膜为细胞提供组织分层结构,模拟微环境和机械力的仿生微流体芯片。由于原有二维培养模式缺乏精确的微结构和功能,组织体外培养模型作为模拟肺部发育、稳态、损伤和再生机制的研究工具,为肺部纤维化、癌症等疾病的探索提供了新的手段和可能。本文就肺成体干细胞两种体外培养模型的分类、研发历史、建立方法、实际应用、优缺点等方面进行综述,期望为器官移植和再生、药物筛选等应用提供参考。     

重组马g-干扰素抗病毒活性测定及单克隆抗体抑制活性鉴定

为了测定大肠杆菌和杆状病毒表达的重组马g-干扰素是否具有抗病毒活性, 利用这两种干扰素处理马胎肾细胞(EFK-78), 然后接种表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的重组水泡性口炎病毒(VSV*GFP), 观察干扰素对病毒表达GFP的抑制, 测出其抗病毒活性单位分别为1×103 AU/mL、1×105 AU/mL。评价了制备的九株抗重组马g-干扰素单克隆抗体是否可抑制重组马g-干扰素抗病毒活性, 证实其中一株可中和重组马g-干扰素的抗病毒活性。结果表明: 杆状病毒表达的马g-干扰素具有较高的抗病毒活性, 其活性可被一株制备的抗重组马g-干扰素单克隆抗体抑制; 首次获得原核表达的具有抗病毒活性的马g-干扰素。     

B Cell Epitopes within VP1 of Type O Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus for Detection of Viral Antibodies

In this study,the coding region of type O FMDV capsid protein VP1 and a series of codon optimized DNA sequences coding for VP1 amino acid residues 141-160(epitope1),tandem repeat 200-213(epitope2(+2)) and the combination of two epitopes(epitope1-2)was genetically cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pPROExHTb and pGEX4T-1,respectively.VP1 and the fused epitopes GST-E1,GST-E2(+2)and GST-E1-2 were successfully solubly expressed in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli and Western blot analysis demonstrat...     

Analysis of synonymous codon usage in H5N1 virus and other influenza A viruses

In this study, we calculated the codon usage bias in H5N1 virus and performed a comparative analysis of synonymous codon usage patterns in H5N1 virus, five other evolutionary related influenza A viruses and a influenza B virus. Codon usage bias in H5N1 genome is a little slight, which is mainly determined by the base compositions on the third codon position. By comparing synonymous codon usage patterns in different viruses, we observed that the codon usage pattern of H5N1 virus is similar with other influenza A viruses, but not influenza B virus, and the synonymous codon usage in influenza A virus genes is phylogenetically conservative, but not strain-specific. Synonymous codon usage in genes encoded by different influenza A viruses is genus conservative. Compositional constraints could explain most of the variation of synonymous codon usage among these virus genes, while gene function is also correlated to synonymous codon usages to a certain extent. However, translational selection and gene length have no effect on the variations of synonymous codon usage in these virus genes.     

黑曲霉固态发酵苹果渣产β-甘露聚糖酶的工艺优化

目的:对黑曲霉SL-08固态发酵苹果渣生产β-甘露聚糖酶的生产工艺进行优化,旨在探寻苹果渣的综合利用方式,降低β-甘露聚糖酶的生产成本。方法:采用Plackett-Burman试验设计和响应面法进行优化。结果:最佳培养基组成为苹果渣与棉粕1∶1(w/w)、尿素2%(w/w)、KH2PO40.1%(w/w)、初始含水率59%(w/w)、CaCl20.2%(w/w)、MgCl20.1%(w/w),30℃恒温培养48h,β-甘露聚糖酶酶活力可达539U/g干曲,比基础培养基提高了28.3%,达到了以豆粕与麸皮为生产原料时的产酶水平。结论:采用黑曲霉SL-08对苹果渣进行固态发酵是一种有效的生物转化方式,既可用于β-甘露聚糖酶的生产,取代豆粕与麸皮等常规原料,降低生产成本;也可以对苹果渣进行综合利用。