全文获取类型
收费全文 | 76218篇 |
免费 | 5558篇 |
国内免费 | 4831篇 |
专业分类
86607篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 155篇 |
2023年 | 1035篇 |
2022年 | 2391篇 |
2021年 | 4072篇 |
2020年 | 2618篇 |
2019年 | 3234篇 |
2018年 | 3167篇 |
2017年 | 2301篇 |
2016年 | 3257篇 |
2015年 | 4810篇 |
2014年 | 5543篇 |
2013年 | 5989篇 |
2012年 | 7022篇 |
2011年 | 6156篇 |
2010年 | 3712篇 |
2009年 | 3336篇 |
2008年 | 3727篇 |
2007年 | 3357篇 |
2006年 | 2910篇 |
2005年 | 2381篇 |
2004年 | 1959篇 |
2003年 | 1656篇 |
2002年 | 1404篇 |
2001年 | 1230篇 |
2000年 | 1218篇 |
1999年 | 1122篇 |
1998年 | 661篇 |
1997年 | 655篇 |
1996年 | 666篇 |
1995年 | 618篇 |
1994年 | 543篇 |
1993年 | 376篇 |
1992年 | 568篇 |
1991年 | 435篇 |
1990年 | 407篇 |
1989年 | 282篇 |
1988年 | 244篇 |
1987年 | 234篇 |
1986年 | 166篇 |
1985年 | 193篇 |
1984年 | 109篇 |
1983年 | 117篇 |
1982年 | 71篇 |
1981年 | 58篇 |
1980年 | 37篇 |
1979年 | 61篇 |
1977年 | 30篇 |
1974年 | 38篇 |
1973年 | 34篇 |
1972年 | 30篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
To reveal the difference of molecular property between structurallysimilar odorless and odoriferous musk compounds, 10 pairs ofbenzenoids (monocyclic-, dicyclic- and tricyclic-) were examined.Molecular structures of all compounds were optimized by MNDO(modified neglect of diatomic differential overlap) consideringconformation. Parameters effective in discriminating two groups,group A of 10 odorless compounds and group B of 10 musk odorcompounds, were searched from 34 candidate parameters by adaptiveleast squares. The best three parameters found were log P value(octanol/water partition coefficient), the longest side lengthof hexahedron circumscribing a molecule, and the parameter whichexpresses structural hindrance to the functional group whena molecule approaches the receptor site. The two groups of compoundswere completely discriminated using these three parameters. 相似文献
72.
73.
74.
Xiao-Fei Ding Jun Zhou Qiong-Ying Hu Shuang-Chun Liu Guang Chen 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(3):1389-1394
NEK8 (never in mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase 8) is involved in cytoskeleton, cilia, and DNA damage response/repair. Abnormal expression and/or dysfunction of NEK8 are related to cancer development and progression. However, the mechanisms that regulate NEK8 are not well declared. We demonstrated here that pVHL may be involved in regulating NEK8. We found that CAK-I cells with wild-type vhl expressed a lower level of NEK8 than the cells loss of vhl, such as 786-O, 769-P, and A-498 cells. Moreover, pVHL overexpression down-regulated the NEK8 protein in 786-O cells, whereas pVHL knockdown up-regulated NEK8 in CAK-I cells. In addition, we found that the positive hypoxia response elements (HREs) are located in the promoter of the nek8 sequence and hypoxia could induce nek8 expression in different cell types. Consistent with this, down-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factors α (HIF-1α or HIF-2α) by isoform-specific siRNA reduced the ability of hypoxia inducing nek8 expression. In vivo, NEK8 and HIF-1α expression were increased in kidneys of rats subjected to an experimental hypoxia model of ischemia and reperfusion. Furthermore, NEK8 siRNA transfection significantly blocked pVHL-knockdown-induced cilia disassembling, through impairing the pVHL-knockdown-up-regulated NEK8 expression. These results support that nek8 may be a novel hypoxia-inducible gene. In conclusion, our findings show that nek8 may be a new HIF target gene and pVHL can down-regulate NEK8 via HIFs to maintain the primary cilia structure in human renal cancer cells. 相似文献
75.
Lin Xiang Lin Shuang Liu Yuanlan Zhao Haiyan Wang Li Hasi Wuliji 《Plasmonics (Norwell, Mass.)》2018,13(5):1749-1758
Plasmonics - Large-scale ordered two-dimensional (2D) superlattices at oil/water interface were fabricated using single-crystal Au nanospheres (NSs) with different diameters as building blocks. A... 相似文献
76.
P C Newell G Liu 《BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology》1992,14(7):473-479
Streamer F mutants have been found to be useful tools for studying the pathway of signal transduction leading to chemotactic cell movement. The primary defect in these mutants is in the structural gene for the cyclic GMP specific phosphodiesterase. This defect allows a larger and prolonged peak of cyclic GMP to be formed in response to the chemotactic stimulus, cyclic AMP. This characteristic aberrant pattern of cyclic GMP accumulation in the streamer F mutants has been correlated with similar patterns of changes in the influx of calcium from the medium, myosin II association with the cytoskeleton, myosin phosphorylation and a decrease in speed of movement of the amoebae. From these studies a sequence of events can be deduced that leads from cell surface cyclic AMP stimulation to cell polarization prior to movement of the amoebae in response to the chemotactic stimulus. 相似文献
77.
78.
Sabrina Forveille Heng Zhou Allan Sauvat Lucillia Bezu Kevin Müller Peng Liu Laurence Zitvogel Gérard Pierron ?ystein Rekdal Oliver Kepp Guido Kroemer 《Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)》2015,14(21):3506-3512
The oncolytic peptide LTX-315 has been designed for killing human cancer cells and turned out to stimulate anti-cancer immune responses when locally injected into tumors established in immunocompetent mice. Here, we investigated the question whether LTX-315 induces apoptosis or necrosis. Transmission electron microscopy or morphometric analysis of chromatin-stained tumor cells revealed that LTX-315 failed to induce apoptotic nuclear condensation and rather induced a necrotic phenotype. Accordingly, LTX-315 failed to stimulate the activation of caspase-3, and inhibition of caspases by means of Z-VAD-fmk was unable to reduce cell killing by LTX-315. In addition, 2 prominent inhibitors of regulated necrosis (necroptosis), namely, necrostatin-1 and cycosporin A, failed to reduce LTX-315-induced cell death. In conclusion, it appears that LTX-315 triggers unregulated necrosis, which may contribute to its pro-inflammatory and pro-immune effects. 相似文献
79.
Xiuling Li Songbai Yang Zhonglin Tang Kui Li Max F. Rothschild Bang Liu Bin Fan 《Animal genetics》2014,45(3):329-339
Due to the direction, intensity, duration and consistency of genetic selection, especially recent artificial selection, the production performance of domestic pigs has been greatly changed. Therefore, we reasoned that there must be footprints or selection signatures that had been left during domestication. In this study, with porcine 60K BeadChip genotyping data from both commercial Large White and local Chinese Tongcheng pigs, we calculated the extended haplotype homozygosity values of the two breeds using the long‐range haplotype method to detect selection signatures. We found 34 candidate regions, including 61 known genes, from Large White pigs and 25 regions comprising 57 known genes from Tongcheng pigs. Many selection signatures were found on SSC1, SSC4, SSC7 and SSC14 regions in both populations. According to quantitative trait loci and network pathway analyses, most of the regions and genes were linked to growth, reproduction and immune responses. In addition, the average genetic differentiation coefficient FST was 0.254, which means that there had already been a significant differentiation between the breeds. The findings from this study can contribute to further research on molecular mechanisms of pig evolution and domestication and also provide valuable references for improvement of their breeding and cultivation. 相似文献
80.
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been implicated in neurite outgrowth and neurological recovery post stroke. tPA converts the zymogen plasminogen (Plg) into plasmin. In this study, using plasminogen knockout (Plg-/-) mice and their Plg-native littermates (Plg+/+), we investigated the role of Plg in axonal remodeling and neurological recovery after stroke. Plg+/+ and Plg-/- mice (n = 10/group) were subjected to permanent intraluminal monofilament middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). A foot-fault test and a single pellet reaching test were performed prior to and on day 3 after stroke, and weekly thereafter to monitor functional deficit and recovery. Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was injected into the left motor cortex to anterogradely label the corticospinal tract (CST). Animals were euthanized 4 weeks after stroke. Neurite outgrowth was also measured in primary cultured cortical neurons harvested from Plg+/+ and Plg-/- embryos. In Plg+/+ mice, the motor functional deficiency after stroke progressively recovered with time. In contrast, recovery in Plg-/- mice was significantly impaired compared to Plg+/+ mice (p<0.01). BDA-positive axonal density of the CST originating from the contralesional cortex in the denervated side of the cervical gray matter was significantly reduced in Plg-/- mice compared with Plg+/+ mice (p<0.05). The behavioral outcome was highly correlated with the midline-crossing CST axonal density (R2>0.82, p<0.01). Plg-/- neurons exhibited significantly reduced neurite outgrowth. Our data suggest that plasminogen-dependent proteolysis has a beneficial effect during neurological recovery after stroke, at least in part, by promoting axonal remodeling in the denervated spinal cord. 相似文献