玉米8个栽培亚种（类型）的核型和C—带带型的比较研究

本文首次报道了玉米8个亚种、2个亚型和2个杂交品种的核型和Giemsa C-带带型。所有材料的根尖细胞染色体数目均为2n=20。主要由中部和亚中部着丝点染色体组成。第6染色体短臂均具随体,但大小不同。所有材料均显示有亚端带和端带,在第6染色体的短臂上显示有NOR或/和随体带。C-带的分布、总数目和总长度各不相同。其总带数变异于6至18之间,C-带总长度为5.65—11.40％之间。在核型中,具中部着丝点的染色体数目及C-带总数,罕见栽培或原始的类型通常多于广泛栽培的类型。此外,有关核型和C-帝的变异和进化也进行了简略的讨论。     

三叶草体内磷通过菌丝桥向黑麦草的传递研究

应用5室分隔法研究了供体三叶草体内的³²P通过菌丝桥向受体黑麦草的传递作用。结果表明,菌根侵染供体三叶草根系之后,根外菌丝可穿过中室到达受体植株根室而再度侵染受体黑麦草的根系,从而形成三叶草-黑麦草根系之间的菌丝桥;供体三叶草体内的³²P可通过根间菌丝桥传递给受体黑麦草,³²P的传递量随受体植株施磷水平的提高而降低.     

链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病大鼠胰腺外分泌部A、B细胞密度的变化

本文应用A蛋白金银—过氧化物酶抗过氧化物酶(PAGS-PAP)双重染色法,观察了链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱导的糖尿病大鼠胰腺外分泌部含高血糖素的单个A细胞(单A细胞)及合胰岛素的单个B细胞(单B细胞)密度的变化.在一次大剂量腹腔注射STZ后第5天和第10天,大鼠胰腺外分泌部单A细胞密度较对照组大鼠增加,而单B细胞密度在注射STZ后第5天较对照组大鼠减少,但在第15天与对照组大鼠接近.在第15天,一些单B细胞分布在靠近胰岛的腺泡中,岛周腺泡含单B细胞的胰岛百分率明显高于对照组.由于胰腺外分泌部的单A、单B细胞在分布特征上与中间细胞相似,在糖尿病时其数量变化也与中间细胞一致,因此,本研究所观察到的单A、单B细胞与前人报道的中间细胞有密切关系.上述单A、单B细胞密度的变化提示,在STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠,胰腺中的B细胞被STZ破坏后,其外分泌部可能有某些细胞通过中间细胞向单A、单B细胞发生了转化或者单A、单B细胞即此转化过程中的中间细胞.     

Effects of endogenous beta-amyloid overproduction on tau phosphorylation in cell culture

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by beta-amyloid (Abeta) overproduction and tau hyperphosphorylation. Recent studies have shown that synthetic Abeta promotes tau phosphorylation in vitro. However, whether endogenously overproduced Abeta promotes tau phosphorylation and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we used mouse neuroblastoma N2a stably expressing wild-type amyloid precursor protein (APPwt) or the Swedish mutant APP (APPswe) to determine the alterations of phosphorylated tau and the related protein kinases. We found that phosphorylation of tau at paired helical filament (PHF)-1, pSer396 and pThr231 epitopes was significantly increased in cells transfected with APPwt and APPswe, which produced higher levels of Abeta than cells transfected with vector or amyloid precursor-like protein 1. The activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was up-regulated with a concomitant reduction in the inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3 at its N-terminal Ser9 residue. In contrast, the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK-5) and protein kinase C (PKC) was down-regulated. Inhibition of GSK-3 by LiCl, but not inhibition of CDK-5 by roscovitine, arrested Abeta secretion and tau phosphorylation. Inhibition of PKC by GF-109203X activated GSK-3, whereas activation of PKC by phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate inhibited GSK-3. These results suggest that endogenously overproduced Abeta induces increased tau phosphorylation through activation of GSK-3, and that inactivation of PKC is at least one of the mechanisms involved in GSK-3 activation.     

Isolation and Characterization of 2'-amino-modified RNA Aptamers for Human TNFα

Human tumor necrosis factor a (hTNFa), a pleiotropic cytokine with activities ranging from host defense mechanisms in infection and injury to severe toxicity in septic shock or other related diseases, is a promising target for drug screening. Using the SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) process, we isolated oligonucleotide ligands (aptamers) with high affinities for hTNFa. Aptamers were selected from a starting pool of 40 randomized sequences composed of about 1015 RNA molecules. Representative aptamers were truncated to the minimal length with high affinity for hTNFa and were further modified by replacement of 2'-OH with 2'-F and 2'-NH2 at all ribopurine positions. These modified RNA aptamers were resistant to nuclease. The specificity of these aptamers for hTNFa was confirmed, and their activity to inhibit the cytotoxicity of hTNFa on mouse L929 cells was determined. Results demonstrated that four 2'-NH2-modified aptamers bound to hTNFa with high affinity and blocked the     

Superior neovascularization and muscle regeneration in ischemic skeletal muscles following VEGF gene transfer by rAAV1 pseudotyped vectors

Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (rAAV2) vector has been widely employed for gene therapy. Recent progress suggests that the new serotypes of AAV showed a better performance than did AAV2 in normal tissues. Here, we evaluate the potential role of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transfer using rAAV vector pseudotyped with serotype 1 capsid proteins (rAAV1) in the treatment of muscle ischemia. In ischemic skeletal muscles, the rAAV1-LacZ vector allowed higher level, broader distribution, and long-lasting gene expression compared with the rAAV2-LacZ vector. Muscle VEGF165 production following the rAAV1-VEGF165 vector injection was 5-10 times higher than that following the rAAV2-VEGF165 vector injection. VEGF165 production mediated by the rAAV1-VEGF165 vector stimulated a large set of neovascularization with relatively mature vascular structures and enhanced muscle regeneration in the ischemic skeletal muscles. Thus, the rAAV1-VEGF165 vector mediated gene transfer may be a therapeutic approach to peripheral vascular diseases.     

Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing properties of auriculoside A in tumor cells

The C21-steroidal glycoside auriculoside A (1), recently isolated from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum, was found to inhibit the growth of several human tumor cell lines and to induce apoptosis in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Compound 1 was evaluated for its in vitro cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HO-8910, and Bel-7402 cells, and for its in vivo antitumor effects on implanted sarcoma-180 (S180) tumors in mice. It showed significant, concentration-dependent inhibition of the cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. MCF-7 Cells exposed to 1 displayed typical morphological apoptosis characteristics such as cytoplasm contraction and nuclear-chromatin condensation. Flow-cytometric analysis showed that the MCF-7 cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 phase. When treated with 40 microg/ml of 1 for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, the apoptotic rates of the cells were ca. 5, 8, and 18.5%, respectively.     

蛋白质组学技术在植物类囊体膜蛋白研究中的应用

类囊体作为植物光合作用光反应的重要场所,在植物亚细胞蛋白质组学研究中倍受关注.介绍了植物蛋白质组学相关技术,包括双向凝胶电泳(2DE)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)、高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)、质谱(MS)和蛋白质组学数据库在植物类囊体膜蛋白研究中的应用.同时对类囊体膜蛋白质组学的研究趋势进行了探讨.     

Synthesis and characterization of thermosensitive graft copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide with biodegradable carboxymethylchitosan

A novel thermosensitive and hydrogel was designed and synthesized by graft copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) with biodegradable carboxymethylchitosan (CMCS). The influence of the content of CMCS grafted on the properties of the resulted hydrogels was examined. The morphology of the hydrogels was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), their thermal property was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and deswelling/swelling kinetics upon external temperature changes. In comparison with the conventional PNIPAAm hydrogels, the resulted hydrogels have improved thermosensitive properties, including enlarged water content at room temperature and faster deswelling/swelling rate upon heating. The strategy described here presents a potential alternative to the traditional synthesis techniques for thermosensitive hydrogels.     

Preferential proliferation and differentiation of double-positive thymocytes into CD8(+) single-positive thymocytes in a novel cell culture medium

The identification of factors that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of double-positive (DP) into CD4(+) and CD8(+) single-positive (SP) thymocytes has proven difficult due to the inability of DP thymocytes to proliferate, expand, and differentiate into SP thymocytes in available cell culture media. Here we report on the ability of DP thymocytes to differentiate in a novel conditioned medium, termed XLCM, derived from the supernatant of mitogen activated human cord blood mononuclear cells. During a 5-day culture in XLCM in the absence of thymic stromal cells, DP thymocytes from normal mice and MHC double knockout mice (lack SP thymocytes) proliferate, expand, and differentiate into several (alphabetaTCR(+), NK1.1(+)alphabetaTCR(+), and gammadeltaTCR(+)) subsets of CD4(+) and predominantly CD8(+) SP thymocytes. These studies suggest that the use of XLCM may aid in the characterization of factors that regulate the differentiation of DP thymocytes into CD8(+) SP thymocytes.