Aging in the dermis: Fibroblast senescence and its significance

Skin aging is characterized by changes in its structural, cellular, and molecular components in both the epidermis and dermis. Dermal aging is distinguished by reduced dermal thickness, increased wrinkles, and a sagging appearance. Due to intrinsic or extrinsic factors, accumulation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers a series of aging events, including imbalanced extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis, accumulation of senescent fibroblasts, loss of cell identity, and chronic inflammation mediated by senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These events are regulated by signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Senescent fibroblasts can induce and accelerate age-related dysfunction of other skin cells and may even cause systemic inflammation. In this review, we summarize the role of dermal fibroblasts in cutaneous aging and inflammation. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms by which dermal fibroblasts influence cutaneous aging and inflammation are also discussed.     

家蝇GNBP3基因克隆及感染白色念珠菌后的表达

对家蝇GNBP3基因进行克隆及生物信息学分析,并对该基因在感染白色念珠菌Candida albicans后的表达情况进行研究。从构建的家蝇Musca domestica幼虫c DNA质粒文库中筛选到GNBP3基因,克隆并运用生物信息学方法对该基因及其编码蛋白进行预测和分析。白色念珠菌注射感染家蝇幼虫并收集标本,逆转录,通过荧光定量PCR检测感染样本中GNBP3基因的表达情况,结果进行统计学分析。研究结果表明,GNBP3基因ORF全长1473 bp,编码490个氨基酸,理论分子量为55.8 k Da,等电点为6.85;感染后不同时间点,感染组与对照组比较,在3 h、12 h、36 h、48 h GNBP3 mRNA的表达明显增高,两组比较有显著性差异(P0.05),而24 h表达差异性最小;感染后不同组织中感染组与对照组比较,3 h和12 h时,在体壁、血淋巴、脂肪体中的表达量升高,具有显著性差异(P0.05);24 h时,在血淋巴中的表达量较对照组高,而在唾液腺和脂肪体中的表达量呈下降趋势,均具有显著性差异(P0.05);48 h,在血淋巴和脂肪体中表达量较对照组高,在中肠的表达量较对照组低,均具有显著性差异(P0.01)。成功克隆GNBP3基因且在家蝇感染白色念珠菌后GNBP3的表达水平随时间的推移呈现先升高后降低再升高的趋势,在各组织中以在免疫组织(血淋巴、脂肪体)中的表达显著增高,推测其在真菌识别过程中发挥潜在作用。     

温度升高对高光强环境下蛋白核小球藻（Chlolorella pyrenoidosa）光能利用和生长的阻抑效应

以蛋白核小球藻（Cholorella pyrenoidosa）为实验材料,研究了温度变化对不同光照水平下蛋白核小球藻的光能利用和生长的影响,以明确光照强度对微藻的光能利用和生长的影响是否因温度不同而发生变化。实验中共设置了3个光照强度水平（50,150,300μmol•m^-2•s^-1）和2个温度水平（15℃,25℃）。实验结果表明,不同光照水平下小球藻叶绿素荧光的非光化学淬灭（NPQ）大小与温度有关,光照强度为150,300μmol•m^-2•s^-1时,温度升高使小球藻叶绿素荧光NPQ提高,并且光照强度越高小球藻叶绿素荧光NPQ增大越多,50μmol•m^-2•s^-1光照强度下温度升高对叶绿素荧光NPQ没有影响。实验发现,25℃培养温度下小球藻的光合电子传递速率(ETR)随光照强度增高而上升的速率要低于15℃时小球藻ETR上升的速率;随着光照强度增高,温度升高使小球藻ETR降低程度增大。实验结果还表明,15℃时小球藻培养液叶绿素a浓度随光照强度升高而增高,300μmol•m^-2•s^-1培养光强下具有最高的叶绿素a浓度。但在25℃时,光照强度升高叶绿素a浓度并不一定增高,300μmol•m^-2•s^-1光照强度下的叶绿素a浓度比150μmol•m^-2•s^-1光照强度下要低。本研究表明,温度升高增大了高光照水平下蛋白核小球藻对光能的热耗散,使光照增强对小球藻生长的促进作用减弱。由于温度升高对小球藻光能利用和生长的阻抑作用,小球藻生长的适宜光照水平因温度升高而降低。      

Desktop analysers: quality of results obtained by medical office personnel.

We carried out a study to evaluate the quality of results obtained by 14 nontechnical medical office personnel using desktop analysers. The instruments evaluated were the Reflotron analyser, the Seralyzer, the Vision analyser and the DT60 analyser. For precision studies low and high concentrations of control materials were used. For correlation studies the results obtained by the office personnel were compared with those obtained by a trained technologist. The coefficient of variation for the office personnel ranged from 3.0% to 8.1% with the Reflotron analyser, from 6.3% to 26.5% with the Seralyzer, from 1.0% to 4.1% with the Vision analyser and from 1.4% to 16.7% with the DT60 analyser. The correlation coefficient ranged from 0.970 to 0.997 with the Reflotron analyser, from 0.779 to 0.997 with the Seralyzer, from 0.975 to 0.998 with the Vision analyser and from 0.963 to 0.995 with the DT60 analyser. The proportion of results obtained by the office personnel that differed by more than 10% from those obtained by the technologist was 7% with the Reflotron analyser, 42% with the Seralyzer, 2% with the Vision analyser and 21% with the DT60 analyser. The instruments whose operation involves the least number of steps gave the most reliable results in the hands of medical office personnel.     

FGFRL1 affects chemoresistance of small‐cell lung cancer by modulating the PI3K/Akt pathway via ENO1

Fibroblast growth factor receptor‐like 1 (FGFRL1), a member of the FGFR family, has been demonstrated to play important roles in various cancers. However, the role of FGFRL1 in small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the role of FGFRL1 in chemoresistance of SCLC and elucidate the possible molecular mechanism. We found that FGFRL1 levels are significantly up‐regulated in multidrug‐resistant SCLC cells (H69AR and H446DDP) compared with the sensitive parental cells (H69 and H446). In addition, clinical samples showed that FGFRL1 was overexpressed in SCLC tissues, and high FGFRL1 expression was associated with the clinical stage, chemotherapy response and survival time of SCLC patients. Knockdown of FGFRL1 in chemoresistant SCLC cells increased chemosensitivity by increasing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, whereas overexpression of FGFRL1 in chemosensitive SCLC cells produced the opposite results. Mechanistic investigations showed that FGFRL1 interacts with ENO1, and FGFRL1 was found to regulate the expression of ENO1 and its downstream signalling pathway (the PI3K/Akt pathway) in SCLC cells. In brief, our study demonstrated that FGFRL1 modulates chemoresistance of SCLC by regulating the ENO1‐PI3K/Akt pathway. FGFRL1 may be a predictor and a potential therapeutic target for chemoresistance in SCLC.