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41.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
42.
Zusammenfassung Virus-x-Körper kommen auch in nichtvariegaten ZimmerÄonien vor. 相似文献
43.
Malvasi A Tinelli A Cavallotti C Morroni M Tsin DA Nezhat C Stark M Mettler L 《Peptides》2011,32(2):327-332
The authors examined the presence of Substance P (SP) and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) and their related fibers in the pseudocapsule of uterine fibroids (PUF) and in normal myometrium (NM) during myomectomies in 57 non-pregnant women. 4 samples were removed from the normal myometrium (NM) and from PUF. The samples were sent for histological and immune-fluorescent investigations. SP and VIP values were found non-significantly higher in PUF than in NM: SP values were 10.2 ± 0.1 conventional units (C.U.) in PUF at the fundus of the uterus (FU) vs. 8.1 ± 0.6 C.U. of NM in the FU (p > 0.05), and SP values were 25.1 ± 0.9 C.U. in PUF in the uterine body (UB) compared to. 23.2 ± 1.4 C.U. of NM in the myometrium of the UB (p > 0.05). VIP values were 11.5 ± 0.9 C.U. in the PUF in FU compared to 9.8 ± 1.4 C.U. of NM in the FU (p > 0.05), and VIP values were 33.9 ± 3.9 C.U. in the PUF in the UB vs. 32.6 ± 4.8 C.U. of the NM in the UB (p > 0.05). These findings show that SP and VIP neurofibers are present in the fibroid pseudocapsule, similar to the values in the normal myometrium of a non-pregnant uterus. An intracapsular myoma excision which respects the pseudocapsule permits a physiological healing process of the uterine scar, due to a neurotransmitter sparing at the hysterotomic site. In women planning pregnancy, the myomectomy should be preferably performed respecting the pseudocapsule in order to preserve the neurotransmission. 相似文献
44.
In social insects, colonies may contain multiple reproductively active queens. This leads to potential conflicts over the apportionment of brood maternity, especially with respect to the production of reproductive offspring. We investigated reproductive partitioning in offspring females (gynes) and workers in the ant Formica fusca, and combined this information with data on the genetic returns gained by workers. Our results provide the first evidence that differential reproductive partitioning among breeders can enhance the inclusive fitness returns for sterile individuals that tend non-descendant offspring. Two aspects of reproductive partitioning contribute to this outcome. First, significantly fewer mother queens contribute to gyne (new reproductive females) than to worker brood, such that relatedness increases from worker to gyne brood. Second, and more importantly, adult workers were significantly more related to the reproductive brood raised by the colony, than to the contemporary worker brood. Thus, the observed breeder shift leads to genetic benefits for the adult workers that tend the brood. Our results also have repercussions for genetic population analyses. Given the observed pattern of reproductive partitioning, estimates of effective population size based on worker and gyne samples are not interchangeable. 相似文献
45.
Gisela Nyberg Elinor Sundblom ?sa Norman Benjamin Bohman Jan Hagberg Liselotte Sch?fer Elinder 《PloS one》2015,10(2)
ObjectiveTo develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a parental support programme to promote healthy dietary and physical activity habits and to prevent overweight and obesity in Swedish children.MethodsA cluster-randomised controlled trial was carried out in areas with low to medium socio-economic status. Participants were six-year-old children (n = 243) and their parents. Fourteen pre-school classes were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 7) and control groups (n = 7). The intervention lasted for 6 months and included: 1) Health information for parents, 2) Motivational Interviewing with parents and 3) Teacher-led classroom activities with children. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry, dietary and physical activity habits and parental self-efficacy through a questionnaire. Body weight and height were measured and BMI standard deviation score was calculated. Measurements were conducted at baseline, post-intervention and at 6-months follow-up. Group differences were examined using analysis of covariance and Poisson regression, adjusted for gender and baseline values.ResultsThere was no significant intervention effect in the primary outcome physical activity. Sub-group analyses showed a significant gender-group interaction in total physical activity (TPA), with girls in the intervention group demonstrating higher TPA during weekends (p = 0.04), as well as in sedentary time, with boys showing more sedentary time in the intervention group (p = 0.03). There was a significantly higher vegetable intake (0.26 servings) in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.003). At follow-up, sub-group analyses showed a sustained effect for boys. The intervention did not affect the prevalence of overweight or obesity.ConclusionsIt is possible to influence vegetable intake in children and girls’ physical activity through a parental support programme. The programme needs to be intensified in order to increase effectiveness and sustain the effects long-term. These findings are an important contribution to the further development of evidence-based parental support programmes to prevent overweight and obesity in children.
Trial Registration
Controlled-trials.com ISRCTN32750699 相似文献46.
Sisse Redeker Liselotte W. Andersen C. Pertoldi A.B. Madsen T.S. Jensen J.M. Jrgensen 《Mammalian Biology》2006,71(3):144-158
Tissue-samples from 161 bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) collected in three forests (five sampling localities) situated in eastern Jutland (Denmark) were analysed by nine microsatellite loci. The genetic diversity found within the populations was high (He=0.753–0.806).Bank voles have specific habitat requirements favouring woodlots, hedgerows and deciduous forests as their prime living area. Hence, a natural or human-induced fragmentation of the forest may cause a sub-structuring of the populations and thereby a restriction of dispersal among populations. The sub-structuring indicated by the observed significant genetic differentiation among the five geographically distinct localities (Fst =0.033, P<0.05) could either result from habitat fragmentation or a combination of home range behaviour and different tree composition in the forests. A road situated between two adjacent forests was not found to exert any barrier effect to the gene flow of bank voles. In one out of five localities investigated, genetic evidence for a recent bottleneck-like situation was found. Bank voles are known to exhibit sometimes huge density fluctuations not only from year to year but also from season to season. The bottleneck-like situation found could therefore be due to the low number of individuals during the low-density phase. 相似文献
47.
Animals tend to respond more strongly to signals that are more colourful and such signals are also common in nature. This is the first study to explore experimentally the possibility that response biases arising in an animal's recognition mechanisms can explain these findings. We trained domestic fowls, Gallus gallus domesticus, to respond by pecking or not pecking to different colours displayed on a touch-sensitive computer screen. The colours changed in response to the birds' choices, which mimicked a simple evolutionary process. Discrimination training generated response biases for the colours more distinct from the nonrewarding colour. As a result the signals evolved towards distinct coloration. The biases developed in directions towards more intense and towards less intense colour, depending on the colour of the nonrewarding stimulus. The result may be applicable to all sorts of visual signals encountered during the same kind of experiences, that is, when one signal should be avoided and another should be approached. Copyright 2003 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 相似文献
48.
Oleguer Plana‐Ripoll Katherine L. Musliner Sren Dalsgaard Natalie C. Momen Nanna Weye Maria K. Christensen Esben Agerbo Kim Moesgaard Iburg Thomas Munk Laursen Preben Bo Mortensen Carsten Bcker Pedersen Liselotte Vogdrup Petersen Damian F. Santomauro Bjarni J. Vilhjlmsson Harvey A. Whiteford John J. McGrath 《World psychiatry》2020,19(3):339-349
The nature and prevalence of combinations of mental disorders and their associations with premature mortality have never been reported in a comprehensive way. We describe the most common combinations of mental disorders and estimate excess mortality associated with these combinations. We designed a population‐based cohort study including all 7,505,576 persons living in Denmark at some point between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2016. Information on mental disorders and mortality was obtained from national registers. A total of 546,090 individuals (10.5%) living in Denmark on January 1, 1995 were diagnosed with at least one mental disorder during the 22‐year follow‐up period. The overall crude rate of diagnosis of mental disorders was 9.28 (95% CI: 9.26‐9.30) per 1,000 person‐years. The rate of diagnosis of additional mental disorders was 70.01 (95% CI: 69.80‐70.26) per 1,000 person‐years for individuals with one disorder already diagnosed. At the end of follow‐up, two out of five individuals with mental disorders were diagnosed with two or more disorder types. The most prevalent were neurotic/stress‐related/somatoform disorders (ICD‐10 F40‐F48) and mood disorders (ICD‐10 F30‐F39), which – alone or in combination with other disorders – were present in 64.8% of individuals diagnosed with any mental disorder. Mortality rates were higher for people with mental disorders compared to those without mental disorders. The highest mortality rate ratio was 5.97 (95% CI: 5.52‐6.45) for the combination of schizophrenia (ICD‐10 F20‐F29), neurotic/stress‐related/somatoform disorders and substance use disorders (ICD‐10 F10‐F19). Any combination of mental disorders was associated with a shorter life expectancy compared to the general Danish population, with differences in remaining life expectancy ranging from 5.06 years (95% CI: 5.01‐5.11) to 17.46 years (95% CI: 16.86‐18.03). The largest excess mortality was observed for combinations that included substance use disorders. This study reports novel estimates related to the “force of comorbidity” and provides new insights into the contribution of substance use disorders to premature mortality in those with comorbid mental disorders. 相似文献
49.
Sundström L Keller L Chapuisat M 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2003,57(7):1552-1561
Abstract.— The objective of this study was to assess breeding and dispersal patterns of both males and females in a monogyne (a single queen per colony) population of ants. Monogyny is commonly associated with extensive nuptial flights, presumably leading to considerable gene flow over large areas. Opposite to these expectations we found evidence of both inbreeding and sex-biased gene flow in a monogyne population of Formica exsecta . We found a significant degree of population subdivision at a local scale (within islands) for queens (females heading established colonies) and workers, but not for colony fathers (the males mated to the colony queens). However, we found little evidence of population subdivision at a larger scale (among islands). More conclusive support for sex-biased gene flow comes from the analysis of isolation by distance on the largest island, and from assignment tests revealing differences in female and male philopatry. The genetic similarity between pairs of queens decreased significantly when geographical distance increased, demonstrating limited dispersal and isolation by distance in queens. By contrast, we found no such pattern for colony fathers. Furthermore, a significantly greater fraction of colony queens were assigned as having originated from the population of residence, as compared to colony fathers. Inbreeding coefficients were significantly positive for workers, but not for mother queens. The queen-male relatedness coefficient of 0.23 (regression relatedness) indicates that mating occurs between fairly close relatives. These results suggest that some monogyne species of ants have complex dispersal and mating systems that can result in genetic isolation by distance over small geographical scales. More generally, this study also highlights the importance of identifying the relevant scale in analyses of population structure and dispersal. 相似文献
50.
Krenn L Unterrieder I Ruprechter R 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2002,777(1-2):123-128
An RP-HPLC method for the determination of daidzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) was developed and validated. The compounds are quantified after hydrolytic extraction using an internal standard. On a base-deactivated C(18) column good separation of the analytes, also from accompanying substances, and excellent peak shape are achieved by gradient elution with aqueous sulfuric acid and acetonitrile. The method was applied to the analysis of different red clover cultivars. 相似文献