全文获取类型
收费全文 | 37462篇 |
免费 | 3608篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
41089篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 304篇 |
2021年 | 530篇 |
2020年 | 335篇 |
2019年 | 407篇 |
2018年 | 494篇 |
2017年 | 467篇 |
2016年 | 781篇 |
2015年 | 1304篇 |
2014年 | 1388篇 |
2013年 | 1764篇 |
2012年 | 2165篇 |
2011年 | 2109篇 |
2010年 | 1502篇 |
2009年 | 1232篇 |
2008年 | 1642篇 |
2007年 | 1656篇 |
2006年 | 1555篇 |
2005年 | 1597篇 |
2004年 | 1618篇 |
2003年 | 1464篇 |
2002年 | 1397篇 |
2001年 | 920篇 |
2000年 | 870篇 |
1999年 | 909篇 |
1998年 | 523篇 |
1997年 | 480篇 |
1996年 | 479篇 |
1995年 | 416篇 |
1994年 | 350篇 |
1993年 | 394篇 |
1992年 | 777篇 |
1991年 | 612篇 |
1990年 | 665篇 |
1989年 | 662篇 |
1988年 | 550篇 |
1987年 | 526篇 |
1986年 | 465篇 |
1985年 | 489篇 |
1984年 | 497篇 |
1983年 | 371篇 |
1982年 | 337篇 |
1981年 | 321篇 |
1980年 | 285篇 |
1979年 | 378篇 |
1978年 | 316篇 |
1977年 | 310篇 |
1976年 | 235篇 |
1975年 | 254篇 |
1974年 | 278篇 |
1973年 | 229篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
71.
We describe the development of DNA markers for the fungal pathogen of Eucalyptus, Cryphonectria cubensis. These markers originated from cloned intershort sequence repeat polymerase chain reactions, which enrich for medium to highly repetitive DNA sequences. In total, 10 markers were isolated, eight of which were polymorphic, and these can subsequently be applied to study populations of C. cubensis. 相似文献
72.
A dipstick enzyme immunoassay for the rapid detection of Fusarium T-2 toxin in wheat was developed. An Immunodyne ABC membrane was precoated with rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulins. After the strips were immersed in a solution of monoclonal anti-T-2 toxin antibodies, a direct competitive enzyme immunoassay was performed. This assay included the incubation of the antibody-coated dipsticks in a mixture of sample and T-2 toxin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. Afterwards, the strips were placed in a chromogen-containing substrate solution (H202-3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine) for color reaction. The dot color intensity of toxin-positive dipsticks was visually distinguishable from that of the negative control. A portable colorimeter was used to confirm and quantify the visual observations. With coated strips, the tests could be performed in 45 min. The visual detection limit for T-2 toxin in buffer solution was 0.25 ng/ml. Artificially infected wheat samples were extracted with 80% methanol-water. A dilution of the raw extract of 1:8 was sufficient to avoid matrix effects. It was possible to make visually a clear distinction between the negative control and a wheat extract spiked with 12 ng/g. 相似文献
73.
Expression of human asparagine synthetase in Escherichia coli 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Human asparagine synthetase was expressed in Escherichia coli. Synthesis of the enzyme was demonstrated by immunoblotting and by complementation of asparagine auxotrophy in E. coli. The recombinant enzyme was shown to have both the ammonia- and glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase activity in vitro. Compared to asparagine synthetase isolated from beef pancreas, the one expressed in E. coli migrated at a slightly slower rate on a denaturing protein gel. In contrast with previous reports, the data obtained here strongly suggest that the active enzyme is a homodimer. The production of soluble and active enzyme was shown to be highly temperature-dependent. Expression at 37 degrees C yielded no soluble enzyme, whereas growth at 30 and 21 degrees C favored the production of soluble asparagine synthetase. The incubation temperature was also important for complementation of asparagine auxotrophy in E. coli, as growth in the absence of asparagine occurred at 30 degrees C and not at 37 degrees C. 相似文献
74.
K Vancompernolle M Gimona M Herzog J Van Damme J Vandekerckhove V Small 《FEBS letters》1990,274(1-2):146-150
Limited chymotryptic cleavage of turkey gizzard calponin yields a 13 kDa fragment which could be purified by its ability to bind to Sepharose-immobilized tropomyosin. This 13 kD polypeptide is shown to be derived from a 22 kDa fragment. Complete amino acid sequence analysis of the 13 kD and 22 kD fragments reveals high homology with the formerly characterized smooth muscle-specific protein SM22 alpha (Pearlstone, J.R., Weber, M., Lees-Miller, J.P., Carpenter, M.R. and Smillie L.B., 1987, J. Biol. Chem. 262, 5985-5991) and the product of gene mp20 of Drosophila (Ayme-Southqate, A., Lasko, P., French, C, and Pardue, M.L. [(1989) J. Cell Biol. 108, 521-531]. Futhermore we recognize sequence elements of a putative actin-binding domain of alpha-actinin, the calpactin I or p 36 sequence, and a consensus motif present in the repeats of the gene product of the candidate unc-87 gene of C. elegans (S.D. Goetinck and R.H. Waterston, personal communication). 相似文献
75.
J. L. V. Broers Barbie M. Machiels Helma J. H. Kuijpers Frank Smedts Ronald van den Kieboom Yves Raymond Frans C. S. Ramaekers 《Histochemistry and cell biology》1997,107(6):505-517
A selection of normal human tissues was investigated for the presence of lamins B1, B2, and A-type lamins, using a panel
of antibodies specific for the individual lamin subtypes. By use of immunoprecipitation and two-dimensional immunoblotting
techniques we demonstrated that these antibodies do not cross-react with other lamin subtypes and that a range of different
phosphorylation isoforms is recognized by each antibody. The lamin B2 antibodies appeared to decorate the nuclear lamina in
all tissues examined, except hepatocytes, in which very little lamin B2 expression was observed. In contrast to previous studies,
which suggested the ubiquitous expression of lamin B1 in mammalian tissues, we show that lamin B1 is not as universally distributed
throughout normal human tissues as was to be expected from previous studies. Muscle and connective tissues are negative, while
in epithelial cells lamin B1 seemed to be preferentially detected in proliferating cells. These results correspond well with
those obtained for lamin B1 in chicken tissues. The expression of A-type lamins is most prominent in well-differentiated epithelial
cells. Relatively undifferentiated and proliferating cells in epithelia showed a clearly reduced expression of A-type lamins.
Furthermore, most cells of neuroendocrine origin as well as most hematopoietic cells were negative for A-type lamin antibodies.
Accepted: 4 February 1997 相似文献
76.
In order to model the interaction of hemin with DNA and other polynucleotides, we have studied the degradation of DNA, RNA, and polynucleotides of defined structure by [meso-tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphinato]manganese(III) (MnTMPP) + KHSO5. The activated porphyrin was shown to release adenine, thymine, and cytosine from DNA; RNA degradation afforded adenine, uracil, and cytosine. The same products were obtained from single- and double-stranded DNA oligonucleotides of defined sequence, and also from single-stranded DNA and RNA homopolymers. The overall yield of bases from the dode-canucleotide d(CGCT3A3GCG) was equal to 14% of the nucleotides present initially, indicating that each porphyrin catalyzed the release of approximately 4 bases. Although no guanine was detected as a product from any of the substrates studied, the ability of MnTMPP + KHSO5 to degrade guanine nucleotides was verified by the destruction of pGp, and by the appearance of bands corresponding to guanosine cleavage following treatment of 32P end labeled DNA restriction fragments with activated MnTMPP. Inspection of a number of sites of MnTMPP-promoted cleavage indicated that the process was sequence-selective, occurring primarily at G residues that were part of 5'-TG-3' or 5'-AG-3' sequences, or at T residues. Also formed in much greater abundance were alkali-labile lesions; these were formed largely at guanosine residues. Also studied was the degradation of a 47-nucleotide RNA molecule containing two hairpins. Degradation of the 5'-32P end labeled RNA substrate afforded no distinct, individual bands, suggesting that multiple modes of degradation may be operative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
77.
78.
79.
80.