Polymorphism of human red cell glyoxalase I in six ethnic groups of China

Summary A total of 1242 individuals from six Chinese ethnic groups were studied with respect to the glyoxalase I polymorphism using agarose gel electrophoresis. The GLO1^*1 gene frequency and the number of subjects tested in each population are as follows: Uygur 0.2466 (219), Hui 0.1621 (219), Dong 0.1866 (201), Bai 0.1921 (203), Tujia 0.1075 (200), and Maio 0.1600 (200). The differences in the GLO1 gene frequencies between some of these populations are significant.     

埃及血吸虫毛蚴表皮板的观察

埃及血吸虫毛蚴表皮板共有4排,各排数目为6:9:4:3。除第1排之外,其他各排的表皮板均由无纤毛的嵴所分隔,在第1与第2排之间的环嵴中,除第1排各板底边中央小凹处各有1感受器外,尚可见4对感受器。第2与第3排的环嵴内可见16—20个感受器。此外,于体之两侧第3排表皮板间各见1个排泄孔。顶突似六边形,于其两侧各有1个侧腺开口,其内侧可见14个感受器。本文在讨论中与前人对本虫毛蚴表皮板的描述做了简单比较。     

微生物有机酸转运蛋白的研究进展

转运蛋白是一类膜蛋白,可介导生物膜内外化学物质的跨膜转运及信号交换。有机酸转运蛋白在微生物有机酸代谢的跨膜转运过程中发挥重要作用,根据转运蛋白有机酸转运的方向不同可以分为摄取转运蛋白和外排转运蛋白。在微生物代谢中,有些有机酸可以作为能源直接参与体内代谢,有些是能量转换过程中的重要中间产物;摄取转运蛋白的过表达,可以促进微生物细胞获取能源物质,高效的生产目标产物;有机酸摄取转运蛋白敲除或外排转运蛋白表达,有利于底盘细胞外排更多目标产物,进而促进有机酸的生物合成。研究有机酸转运蛋白的结构和功能,有助于解析微生物细胞有机酸生物合成及利用的机制,对于提高工业微生物对有机酸的利用及生物合成具有重要作用。本文综述了微生物有机酸转运蛋白分类和结构、转运方式和转运功能等方面,重点综述了转运蛋白在有机酸生产中的应用,为工业微生物有机酸的高效生物合成及未来发展提供参考。     

甜味蛋白研究的新进展

甜味蛋白(thaumatin)是世界上已知最甜的物质,具有很大的应用前景.Thaumatin的基因核苷酸和蛋白质氨基酸序列都已测定.晶体分析表明它具有高稳定的四级结构.在味蕾小孔中发现了介导thaumatin发生作用的物质.Thaumatin自身的功能仍不清楚.在多种生物中发现了thaumatin类似蛋白质,具有不同的生物活性.用基因工程手段实现了thaumatin在多种原核和真核生物中的表达,但迄今仍未得到理想的基因工程产品.     

Metabolic profiles of fish nodavirus infection in vitro: RGNNV induced and exploited cellular fatty acid synthesis for virus infection

Red‐spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), the causative agent of viral nervous necrosis disease, has caused high mortality and heavy economic losses in marine aquaculture worldwide. However, changes in host cell metabolism during RGNNV infection remain largely unknown. Here, the global metabolic profiling during RGNNV infection and the roles of cellular fatty acid synthesis in RGNNV infection were investigated. As the infection progressed, 71 intracellular metabolites were significantly altered in RGNNV‐infected cells compared with mock‐infected cells. The levels of metabolites involved in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism were significantly decreased, whereas those that correlated with fatty acid synthesis were significantly up‐regulated during RGNNV infection. Among them, tryptophan and oleic acid were assessed as the most crucial biomarkers for RGNNV infection. In addition, RGNNV infection induced the formation of lipid droplets and re‐localization of fatty acid synthase (FASN), indicating that RGNNV induced and required lipogenesis for viral infection. The exogenous addition of palmitic acid (PA) enhanced RGNNV infection, and the inhibition of FASN and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) significantly decreased RGNNV replication. Additionally, not only inhibition of palmitoylation and phospholipid synthesis, but also destruction of fatty acid β‐oxidation significantly decreased viral replication. These data suggest that cellular fatty acid synthesis and mitochondrial β‐oxidation are essential for RGNNV to complete the viral life cycle. Thus, it has been demonstrated for the first time that RGNNV infection in vitro overtook host cell metabolism and, in that process, cellular fatty acid synthesis was an essential component for RGNNV replication.     

Genetically Encoded FRET Biosensor Detects the Enzymatic Activity of Prostate-Specific Antigen

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men beyond 50 years old, and ranked the second in mortality. The level of Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum has been a routine biomarker for clinical assessment of the cancer development, which is detected mostly by antibody-based immunoassays. The proteolytic activity of PSA also has important functions. Here a genetically encoded biosensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology was developed to measure PSA activity. In vitro assay showed that the biosensor containing a substrate peptide ‘RLSSYYSGAG’ had 400% FRET change in response to 1 µg/ml PSA within 90 min, and could detect PSA activity at 25 ng/ml. PSA didn’t show enzymatic activity toward the biosensor in serum solution, likely reflecting the existence of other inhibitory factors besides Zn2+. By expressing the biosensor on cell plasma membrane, the FRET responses were significant, but couldn’t distinguish well the cultured prostate cancer cells from non-prostate cancer cells under microscopy imaging, indicating insufficient speci- ficity to PSA. The biosensor with the previously known ‘HSSKLQ’ substrate showed little response to PSA in solution. In summary, we developed a genetically encoded FRET biosensor to detect PSA activity, which may serve as a useful tool for relevant applications, such as screening PSA activation substrates or inhibitors; the purified biosensor protein can also be an alternative choice for measuring PSA activity besides currently commercialized Mu-HSSKLQ-AMC substrate from chemical synthesis.     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒NS31蛋白在昆虫细胞中表达及互作多肽筛选

草鱼呼肠孤病毒(Grasscarpreovirus,GCRV)是引发病毒性草鱼出血病的主要病原.前期研究证实GCRV-S7基因片段编码NS31蛋白是GCRV的非结构蛋白,在病毒感染的中后期表达.为深入开展NS31的具体生物学功能,本研究从GCRV-JX01株病毒基因组中扩增NS31,克隆至pFastBacHTA载体;利用杆状病毒Bac-to-Bac系统成功表达携带his标签的重组蛋白his-NS31;Western-Blot和IFA实验表明重组杆状病毒能够感染昆虫细胞(Sf9)表达NS31,进一步通过his-Ni2+柱纯化NS31,SDS-PAGE鉴定蛋白约为30KD.运用噬菌体展示技术筛选噬菌体12肽库,研究NS31特异性结合多肽.挑取30个克隆进行DNA序列测定,结果表明NS31主要和2种多肽分子相互作用.进一步结合生物信息学分析表明上述多肽与草鱼基因组中6个基因具有同源性,提示其可能是NS31互作蛋白.本研究为深入探索NS31在病毒感染过程中的生物学功能奠定了重要基础.     

2018-2019年中国流行性腮腺炎流行特征和病毒基因特征分析

阐明中国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)2018-2019年流行性腮腺炎(流腮)流行特征和病毒基因特征。对2018-2019年中国流腮流行病学和病毒学监测数据进行描述流行病学和分子流行病学分析。2018-2019年中国流腮年报告发病率分别为18.65/10万和21.48/10万,15岁以下儿童和青少年是我国流腮的高发人群,分别占总病例数的85.30%和82.56%。流腮的流行具有明显的季节性特征。全国各省、自治区、直辖市份均有流腮病例报告,西部和中部地区发病率高于东部地区。2018-2019年共获得160条腮腺炎病毒(Mumps virus,MuV)SH基因序列,其中150条(93.75%)序列鉴定为F基因型MuV,在我国11个省份检测到;10条(6.25%)序列为G基因型MuV,2019年在广东、湖北和新疆3个省份检测到。和我国既往流行MuV代表株相比,2018-2019年流行的F基因型MuV代表株序列在基因亲缘性关系树上相对集中。现阶段我国流腮的流行病学特征未发生明显改变,仍呈现病毒自然流行模式;F基因型作为优势流行基因型,在我国大部分地区持续流行,但毒株的遗传多态性有所降低,这可能和我国实施1剂次腮腺炎疫苗常规免疫策略有关。G基因型MuV主要在我国局部地区流行,但流行范围在逐渐扩大。建议进一步加强两剂次腮腺炎疫苗接种工作,降低我国腮腺炎易感人群。同时持续性开展MuV流行学和病毒学监测工作,为鉴别病毒的来源,确定病毒传播途径和评估腮腺炎疫苗免疫策略奠定重要的基础。