用于筛选直链淀粉含量为中等的籼稻品种的分子标记

用PCR AccⅠ分子标记检测方法 ,检测了来自不同地区的 6 3个栽培水稻品种 (系 )蜡质基因第 1内含子剪接供体 1位碱基是G或是T。另外 ,还测定了这些水稻成熟种子的直链淀粉含量。结果显示该位置是G碱基的水稻品系成熟种子中直链淀粉含量均高于 2 0 % ,该位置是T的均低于 18%。在杂交育种过程中 ,这一分子标记可用于预测水稻植株种子的直链淀粉含量。对高直链淀粉含量的水稻亲本与中等直链淀粉含量的水稻亲本之间 5个籼型杂交组合F2 群体的分析表明 ,蜡质基因第 1内含子 1位碱基是G或是T与水稻种子中直链淀粉含量的高或低是紧密连锁 ,共同分离的。这些结果表明PCR AccⅠ分子标记检测方法可用于选育中等直链淀粉含量的籼稻新品系     

野生灵芝BSU01的分离鉴定、生物学特性及其木质纤维素酶活分析

灵芝作为传统中药,具有重要的医药和经济价值。本研究以一株野生灵芝属真菌BSU01为实验材料,通过形态特征和ITS序列聚类分析对其进行了鉴定,探讨了该菌株菌丝生长的最适碳源、氮源、C/N、pH及温度等生物学特征,以及该菌株产木质纤维降解素酶的能力。结果表明,菌株BSU01的形态特征与有柄灵芝相符;且与有柄灵芝ITS序列一致性达99%,并在系统发育树上聚在一起;菌株BSU01菌丝生长最适碳源为果糖或者葡萄糖,氮源为酵母提取物,C/N比为20/1到30/1,温度为30℃,pH值为5.5;菌株BSU01的漆酶、木质素过氧化物酶和Mn依赖过氧化物酶分别为12.13 U/L、0.52 U/L和0.33 U/L;CMCase和木聚糖酶酶活分别为7.14 U/mL和1.88 U/m L。本研究结果将为该菌的进一步开发利用提供数据参考。     

Further Daphniphyllum Alkaloids with Insecticidal Activity from the Bark of Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq.

Two new Daphniphyllum alkaloids, macropodumines J and K ( 1 and 2 , resp.), together with six known structurally related alkaloids, 3 – 8 , were isolated from the bark of Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq . The structures of the new compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of their spectroscopic and chemical data. Macropodumine J ( 1 ) contains a CN group which is relatively rare in naturally occurring alkaloids. All isolated compounds were tested for their insecticidal activities against a number of insect species. Daphtenidine C ( 5 ) is the most active compound against Plutella xylostella. This is the first report of insecticidal properties of Daphniphyllum alkaloids.     

吸水链霉菌NND-52-C基因工程宿主载体系统的构建

吸水链霉菌NND-52-C菌株是大环内酯类抗生素-阿扎霉素B的高产菌株。采用原生质体转化技术,将来自变铅青链霉菌TK24菌株的pU702质粒转化吸水链霉菌NND-52-C菌株的原生质体,建立了吸水链霉菌NND-52-C菌株的基因工程宿主载体系统。确定了NND-52-C菌株原生质体制备和再生的条件,其原生质体形成率达到10^8／mL,再生率约为0．2％,转化率为10^2-10^3个转化子／μg质粒DNA。     

Enzymatic Process Enhances the Flavour Profile and Increases the Proportion of Esters in Citrus Essential Oils

Citrus essential oils (CEOs) are important flavors in the food and confectionary industries. A lipase process was proposed for enhancing the flavor profiles and increasing the proportions of esters in CEOs. The effects of the enzymatic process were explored by detecting the constituents of the CEOs of American sweet orange oil (ASO) and Brazil mandarin oil (BMO) through GC/MS and sensory evaluation by a trained panel, and positive effects were confirmed by both methods. A further eleven kinds of CEOs were treated via the lipase process and increments of 10 – 1170% were achieved in the proportions of esters, which were mostly ethyl esters. Enhancement in fruity odor, especially the top note, was demonstrated by all CEOs after enzymatic processing. All CEOs were tested for antimicrobial activities, and only ASO displayed fairly ideal antimicrobial activities. Meanwhile, modified ASO showed a certain increase in antimicrobial activities. This methodology might be considered a sustainable route for acquiring ‘natural’ essential oils with enhanced flavor profiles and simultaneously enhancing the comprehensive utilization of citrus fruits.     

肿瘤研究的金钥匙:肿瘤干细胞

“肿瘤干细胞学说”认为肿瘤组织不是均一的,其中只有一小部分肿瘤干细胞具有诱发并维持肿瘤恶性表达的能力。这一概念的提出为肿瘤真正意义上的靶向治疗找到了良方妙药,即选择性杀伤肿瘤干细胞从而治愈肿瘤。找到肿瘤干细胞并了解其生物学特性对我们真正理解肿瘤的发生、发展和转归机制,根治肿瘤并防止肿瘤的转移和复发具有积极意义。本文概述对人淋巴细胞白血病、乳腺肿瘤、脑部肿瘤及其他肿瘤的肿瘤干细胞及其相关机制的研究进展。     

Molecular epidemiology of scrub typhus in Taiwan during 2006–2016

Scrub typhus is the most common endemic vector-borne disease in Taiwan. We identified a total of 4,857 laboratory-confirmed cases during 2006–2016 with hyperendemic foci on offshore islands, including Penghu (778 cases, 16.0%) and Kinmen (716 cases, 14.7%), and eastern Taiwan, including Taitung (628 cases, 12.9%) and Hualien (508 cases, 10.5%). Scrub typhus cases occur year-round throughout Taiwan, with a summer peak in June and July. A total of 545 O. tsutsugamushi isolates were successfully obtained from patients infected in diverse geographic areas, including Taiwan and three offshore islands, and the complete open reading frame of the 56 kDa type-specific antigen gene (tsa56) sequence of these isolates was examined. High phylogenetic diversity was found in these isolates, which could be grouped into 36 distinct sequence types. Most isolates belonged to the Karp (49.9%; 272/545), followed by the TW-22 (17.8%; 97/454) and Kawasaki (14.7%; 80/545) genotypes. In conclusion, our data indicate the widespread presence of tsa56 genotypes closely related to Thailand and Korean strains and the presence of the unique endemic strains TW-12, TW-22, TW-29, and TW-36 in Taiwan.     

Protection against oxidative stress by vitamin D in cone cells

Photoreceptor degeneration (PD) refers to a group of heterogeneous outer retinal dystrophies characterized by the death of photoreceptors. Both oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of PD. We investigate whether vitamin D has a potential for the treatment of PD by evaluating the anti‐oxidative stress and anti‐inflammatory properties of the active form of vitamin D₃, 1,α, 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D₃, in a mouse cone cell line, 661W. Mouse cone cells were treated with H₂O₂ or a mixture of H₂O₂ and vitamin D; cell viability was determined. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in treated and untreated cells was measured. The expression of key anti‐oxidative stress and inflammatory genes in treated and untreated cells was determined. Treatment with vitamin D significantly increased cell viability and decreased ROS production in 661W cells under oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂. H₂O₂ treatment in 661W cells can significantly down‐regulate the expression of antioxidant genes and up‐regulate the expression of neurotoxic cytokines. Vitamin D treatment significantly reversed these effects and restored the expression of antioxidant genes. Vitamin D treatment also can block H₂O₂ induced oxidative damages. The data suggested that vitamin D may offer a therapeutic potential for patients with PD.