全文获取类型
收费全文 | 18997篇 |
免费 | 1381篇 |
国内免费 | 1273篇 |
专业分类
21651篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 41篇 |
2023年 | 255篇 |
2022年 | 539篇 |
2021年 | 928篇 |
2020年 | 568篇 |
2019年 | 808篇 |
2018年 | 801篇 |
2017年 | 564篇 |
2016年 | 832篇 |
2015年 | 1106篇 |
2014年 | 1352篇 |
2013年 | 1451篇 |
2012年 | 1676篇 |
2011年 | 1523篇 |
2010年 | 971篇 |
2009年 | 938篇 |
2008年 | 1043篇 |
2007年 | 978篇 |
2006年 | 799篇 |
2005年 | 685篇 |
2004年 | 532篇 |
2003年 | 521篇 |
2002年 | 440篇 |
2001年 | 343篇 |
2000年 | 304篇 |
1999年 | 290篇 |
1998年 | 167篇 |
1997年 | 160篇 |
1996年 | 158篇 |
1995年 | 117篇 |
1994年 | 88篇 |
1993年 | 70篇 |
1992年 | 110篇 |
1991年 | 82篇 |
1990年 | 68篇 |
1989年 | 52篇 |
1988年 | 43篇 |
1987年 | 43篇 |
1986年 | 38篇 |
1985年 | 51篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical manifestation, imaging characteristics, genotype, and the relationship
between the three aforementioned parameters in two pedigrees suffering from spinocerebellar ataxia. To evaluate the clinical
manifestation of the two pedigrees and to compare the characteristics, we performed the MRI analysis of some patients from
both pedigrees, while 2 ml of the peripheral blood sample was collected for gene analysis. The gene analysis data showed that
pedigree 1 was certified spinocerebellar ataxia type-2 (SCA2); the CAG repeats in the proband, proband’s mother, and proband’s
brother were 44, 36, and 38, respectively. The MRI revealed brainstem cerebellar atrophy and “cross sign” and “ordinate sign”
of pons. Pedigree 2 was certified SCA1; the CAG repeats of the proband, proband’s aunt, and proband’s asymptomatic cousin
were 60, 51, and 52, respectively. The MRI revealed cerebellar atrophy in these individuals. We, therefore, concluded that
it was difficult to diagnose the SCA subset solely through the clinical manifestation. The imaging characteristics analysis
and final diagnosis depended basically on gene analysis data. 相似文献
82.
83.
重金属镉、锌在菹草叶细胞中的超微定位观察 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
水环境污染中十分突出的是重金属的污染 ,主要来源为流入物、渗漏和大气沉降 (Larcher ,1995 )。由于重金属污染物不但不能被微生物所分解 ,而且能在生物体内富集 ,并通过水生食物链的生物放大作用而对高营养级的生物甚至人类造成危害 ,因此日益引起人们的特别关注。许多研究从超微结构损伤和生理生化的角度研究了重金属对植物的毒害机制。施国新等 (2 0 0 0 )观察了重金属汞、镉污染对水生植物黑藻叶细胞的超微结构损伤。彭鸣等 (1991)研究了重金属镉、铅诱导的玉米超微结构的变化。李荣春 (2 0 0 0 )研究了Cd、Pb及其复合污染… 相似文献
84.
A mandible from the Middle Pleistocene Hexian site and its significance in relation to the variability of Asian Homo erectus 下载免费PDF全文
85.
AnxB1,a novel annexin previously isolated from Cysticercus cellulose,shows high thrombi affinity and anticoagulant activity in vivo.In order to investigate the relationship between structure and biological function,a predicted three-dimensional(3D)model of AnxB1 was generated by homology modeling.This model contains four homologous internal-domains and the Cα trace of domain Ⅰ,Ⅱ and IV shows high similarity.Based on the structure characterization,four sequence-deleted mutants were constructed and expressed as GST fusion proteins in E.coli.Two of the mutants,GST-M3 and GST-M4 reserved high anticoagulant activity(p<0.01 vs.GST).Furthermore,compared with the wild type GST-AnxB1,the immunogenicity of GST-M3 and GST-M4 was reduced significantly(p<0.01)and the molecular weight was lowered to 27 kD and 34 kD,respectively.These observations laid a solid foundation for further study on developing new thrombolytic agents with higher efficiency and lower side effect. 相似文献
86.
Tianyu Liu Zixuan Guo Xueli Song Li Liu Wenxiao Dong Sinan Wang Mengque Xu Cheng Yang Bangmao Wang Hailong Cao 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2020,24(4):2648-2662
High‐fat diet (HFD) is a well‐known risk factor for gut microbiota dysbiosis and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, evidence relating HFD, gut microbiota and carcinogenesis is limited. Our study aimed to demonstrate that HFD‐induced gut dysbiosis promoted intestinal adenoma‐adenocarcinoma sequence. In clinical study, we found that HFD increased the incidence of advanced colorectal neoplasia (AN). The expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1), CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) and CD163 in CRC patients with HFD was significantly higher than that in CRC patients with normal diet. When it comes to the Apcmin/+ mice, HFD consumption could induce gut dysbiosis and promote intestinal carcinogenesis, accompanying with activation of MCP‐1/CCR2 axis that recruited and polarized M2 tumour‐associated macrophages. Interestingly, transfer of faecal microbiota from HFD‐fed mice to another batch of Apcmin/+ mice in the absence of HFD could also enhance carcinogenesis without significant body weight gain and induced MCP‐1/CCR2 axis activation. HFD‐induced dysbiosis could also be transmitted. Meanwhile, antibiotics cocktail treatment was sufficient to inhibit HFD‐induced carcinogenesis, indicating the vital role of dysbiosis in cancer development. Conclusively, these data indicated that HFD‐induced dysbiosis accelerated intestinal adenoma‐adenocarcinoma sequence through activation of MCP‐1/CCR2 axis, which would provide new insight into better understanding of the mechanisms and prevention for HFD‐related CRC. 相似文献
87.
改良三倍体鲫鱼的生物学特性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用鱼类远缘杂交和雌核发育相结合的方法培育出改良四倍体鲫鲤和改良二倍体红鲫,两者交配制备出一种改良三倍体鲫鱼(湘云鲫2号).对改良三倍体鲫鱼的染色体数目和组型、性腺和垂体结构、外形特征、生长速度等方面进行了系统的研究.结果表明,改良三倍体鲫鱼的染色体数目为3n=150,核型公式为33m+51sm+33st+33t;其精巢和卵巢在繁殖季节不能产生成熟配子,垂体超微结构显示,GTH细胞内的分泌颗粒和分泌小球在繁殖季节没有大量排出,该特征从内分泌的角度证明了它们的不育性;改良三倍体鲫鱼具有体背高、尾柄短和头部小的优良外形特征.与三倍体湘云鲫相比,改良三倍体鲫鱼不但保留了三倍体鱼生长速度快、不育等特点,而且在体形方面表现出明显的改良特征,是一种新型改良三倍体鲫鱼. 相似文献
88.
雷氏大疣蛛毒素—Ⅱ的纯化与初步毒性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
雷氏大疣蛛是我国最近鉴定的蜘蛛新种。雷氏大疣蛛毒素-Ⅱ就是以其粗毒为材料,利用阴、阳离子交换层析和反相HPLC分离得到并命名的一种新型神经毒素肽,根据质谱分析得知它的相对分子质量为3021.56;通过初步毒性研究,证明它是一个神经毒素。 相似文献
89.
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important factors limiting plant productivity, and N fixation by legume species is an important source of N input into ecosystems. Meanwhile, N resorption from senescent plant tissues conserves nutrients taken up in the current season, which may alleviate ecosystem N limitation. N fixation was assessed by the 15N dilution technique in four types of alpine grasslands along the precipitation and soil nutrient gradients. The N resorption efficiency (NRE) was also measured in these alpine grasslands. The aboveground biomass in the alpine meadow was 4–6 times higher than in the alpine meadow steppe, alpine steppe, and alpine desert steppe. However, the proportion of legume species to community biomass in the alpine steppe and the alpine desert steppe was significantly higher than the proportion in the alpine meadow. N fixation by the legume plants in the alpine meadow was 0.236 g N/m2, which was significantly higher than N fixation in other alpine grasslands (0.041 to 0.089 g N/m2). The NRE in the alpine meadows was lower than in the other three alpine grasslands. Both the aboveground biomass and N fixation of the legume plants showed decreasing trends with the decline of precipitation and soil N gradients from east to west, while the NRE of alpine plants showed increasing trends along the gradients, which indicates that alpine plants enhance the NRE to adapt to the increasing droughts and nutrient‐poor environments. The opposite trends of N fixation and NRE along the precipitation and soil nutrient gradients indicate that alpine plants adapt to precipitation and soil nutrient limitation by promoting NRE (conservative nutrient use by alpine plants) rather than biological N fixation (open sources by legume plants) on the north Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
90.
Ming Gao Wen Dong Meiru Hu Ming Yu Liang Guo Lu Qian Ning Guo Lun Song 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2010,109(6):1264-1273
Arsenite (As(III)), an effective chemotherapeutic agent for the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and multiple myeloma (MM), might be also a promise for the therapy of other cancers, including the solid tumors. However, the molecular bases of arsenite‐induced cytotoxicity in the tumor cells have not been fully defined. In this study, we have disclosed that arsenite effectively induces the apoptotic response in the HepG2 human hepatoma cells by triggering GADD45α induction and the subsequent activation of JNKs/AP‐1 cell death pathway. However, signaling events relating to GADD45α/JNKs/AP‐1 pathway activation have not been observed in HL7702 human diploid hepatic cells under the same arsenite exposure condition. Our results thus have illustrated the selective pro‐apoptotic role of arsenite in the hepatoma cells by activating GADD45α‐dependent cell death pathway whereas with little effect on the normal hepatic cells. The approaches to up‐regulate GADD45α levels might be helpful in improving the chemotherapeutic action of arsenite on certain solid tumors including hepatoma. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 1264–1273, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献