溶藻菌株NP23的紫外诱变选育

应用紫外诱变技术对溶藻菌株NP23进行紫外诱变处理。经过粗筛后,从8株诱变株中选出2株对绿藻中小球藻和蓝藻中惠氏微囊藻的去除效果明显优于原始菌株的突变株NP23-1和NP23-4,其溶藻率(叶绿素a的去除率)比原始菌株提高30%-35%。连续6代测试,2株诱变菌株NP23-1和NP23-4溶藻率都很稳定,表明所得突变株是比原始菌株更优秀的溶藻菌株。     

Gender-specific differences of serum leptin in obese and normal-weight adolescents: studies in type-I diabetes and Turner syndrome

The influence of exogenous insulin and estrogen substitution on serum leptin-like immunoreactivity was studied longitudinally in patients with type-I diabetes and Turner syndrome using a specific radioimmunoassay. Prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal samples of 17 patients (9 girls, 8 boys) with type-I diabetes mellitus developing obesity were compared to those of 17 normal-weight controls matched for gender, age and diabetes duration. Six obese and six normal-weight girls with Turner syndrome were studied without hormone substitution, with ethinylestradiol alone, and with cyclic estradiol/gestagen substitution. The mean leptin levels of the girls with diabetes were two times higher than boys at all times, while insulin doses and glycemic control had no influence. In Turner syndrome estrogen substitution led to increased leptin levels only in the obese group. This study revealed that both body weight above normal and female sex steroids seem to be necessary to elevate leptin concentrations, while exogenous insulin has no effect.     

黄河上游流域生态系统服务变化及其权衡协同关系

黄河上游是我国重要的生态屏障和生态功能区,研究其生态系统服务的时空演化及其权衡协同关系对实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展具有重要意义。基于土地利用、土壤、气象等数据,借助InVEST模型、相关性分析以及空间自相关分析等方法,定量分析了2000-2020年黄河上游生态系统服务的时空演化特征及其权衡与协同关系。结果表明:(1)黄河上游各项生态系统服务整体表现为"西南高,东北低"的分布格局,高值区主要分布于流域西南部,低值区主要分布于流域东北部;(2)研究期内,黄河上游各项生态系统服务均呈现波动变化的趋势,产水量和土壤保持呈现整体减少趋势,生境质量与碳储量呈现增加的趋势;(3)各项生态系统服务两两之间均存在不同程度的相关关系,产水量与生境质量、碳储量呈现此消彼长的权衡关系,产水量-土壤保持、生境质量-碳储量与土壤保持-碳储量之间呈现协同关系;(4)在空间分布格局上,各项生态系统服务间的权衡与协同关系表现出显著的空间异质性与尺度效应,不同分区之间差异较大。本文可为科学管理区域生态系统,促进流域可持续发展提供参考。     

The Complicate Observations and Multi-Parameter Land Information Constructions on Allied Telemetry Experiment (COMPLICATE)

The Complicate Observations and Multi-Parameter Land Information Constructions on Allied Telemetry Experiment (COMPLICATE) comprises a network of remote sensing experiments designed to enhance the dynamic analysis and modeling of remotely sensed information for complex land surfaces. Two types of experimental campaigns were established under the framework of COMPLICATE. The first was designed for continuous and elaborate experiments. The experimental strategy helps enhance our understanding of the radiative and scattering mechanisms of soil and vegetation and modeling of remotely sensed information for complex land surfaces. To validate the methodologies and models for dynamic analyses of remote sensing for complex land surfaces, the second campaign consisted of simultaneous satellite-borne, airborne, and ground-based experiments. During field campaigns, several continuous and intensive observations were obtained. Measurements were undertaken to answer key scientific issues, as follows: 1) Determine the characteristics of spatial heterogeneity and the radiative and scattering mechanisms of remote sensing on complex land surfaces. 2) Determine the mechanisms of spatial and temporal scale extensions for remote sensing on complex land surfaces. 3) Determine synergist inversion mechanisms for soil and vegetation parameters using multi-mode remote sensing on complex land surfaces. Here, we introduce the background, the objectives, the experimental designs, the observations and measurements, and the overall advances of COMPLICATE. As a result of the implementation of COMLICATE and for the next several years, we expect to contribute to quantitative remote sensing science and Earth observation techniques.     

Scale Determinants of Fiscal Investment in Geological Exploration: Evidence from China

With the continued growth in demand for mineral resources and China''s efforts in increasing investment in geological prospecting, fiscal investment in geological exploration becomes a research hotspot. This paper examines the yearly relationship among fiscal investment in geological exploration of the current term, that of the last term and prices of mining rights over the period 1999–2009. Hines and Catephores'' investment acceleration model is applied to describe the scale determinants of fiscal investment in geological exploration which are value-added of mining rights, value of mining rights and fiscal investment in the last term. The results indicate that when value-added of mining rights, value of mining rights or fiscal investment in the last term moves at 1 unit, fiscal investment in the current term will move 0.381, 1.094 or 0.907 units respectively. In order to determine the scale of fiscal investment in geological exploration for the current year, the Chinese government should take fiscal investment in geological exploration for the last year and the capital stock of the previous investments into account. In practice, combination of government fiscal investment in geological exploration with its performance evaluation can create a virtuous circle of capital management mechanism.     

Experience with insulin analogues in children

Current data on rapid and long-acting insulin analogues in the paediatric age group is limited. While several studies indicate a benefit in reducing hypoglycaemia, particularly at night, with rapid or long-acting insulin analogue treatment, the effect on long-term glycaemic control remains controversial. The continuous glucose monitoring system offers a new option for tailoring treatment with insulin analogues to achieve optimal glycaemia. In 29 adolescents with diabetes this approach confirmed the non-inferiority of postprandial rapid-acting analogue administration compared to preprandial regular insulin, but revealed significant mealtime differences, with increased analogue requirement at breakfast and dinner. Although rapid- and long-acting insulin analogues may offer potential benefits for problems frequently encountered in paediatric diabetology, their value for the individual child still has to be tested in long-term observations in daily clinical practice.     

Serial duplication of 10 (q21→q22) in a mentally retarded boy with congenital malformations

Summary A boy with congenital malformations and a serial duplication of 10(q21q22) is reported. His clinical picture is compared with that of a previously reported patient with a similar karyotype.     

中国淡水蟹分类与分布名录(十足目: 拟地蟹科, 溪蟹科)

中国是世界上淡水蟹物种多样性最高的国家。然而, 迄今为止还没有一个系统的、涵盖全国范围的淡水蟹分类和分布名录。本文收集了涉及中国淡水蟹分类和分布的文献, 采用国际上更新的短尾下目淡水蟹类高级阶元分类系统, 通过系统梳理, 汇编成中国淡水蟹分类与分布名录。该名录共收录了截至2018年1月记述的所有中国淡水蟹类, 共计2科45属311种。其中, 拟地蟹科(Gecarcinucidae Rathbun, 1904) 1属28种; 溪蟹科(Potamidae Ortmann, 1896) 44属283种及亚种; 中国特有属共计38属, 占总数的84%; 特有种共计302种, 占97%。对各省淡水蟹的分布分析发现, 云南是中国淡水蟹物种多样性最丰富的省份, 已记述16属50种; 其次为台湾(4属41种)。本名录首次全面概括了中国淡水蟹类的分类和分布, 可为深入开展全国范围的淡水蟹类生物多样性保护提供科学依据。     

高原鼢鼠prestin基因的组织特异性表达与适应地下生活的关系

高原鼢鼠是青藏高原特有的地下鼠,地下鼠具有准确的空间定位能力。prestin蛋白是在耳蜗特异性表达且与回声定位有关的蛋白分子。为了探讨prestin基因与高原鼢鼠地下空间定位之间的关系,我们克隆了高原鼢鼠prestin基因的编码区序列,并与其他物种的prestin基因序列进行序列比对;运用PAML软件对高原鼢鼠的prestin基因进行进化分析;根据已克隆的序列,应用实时荧光定量的方法测定高原鼢鼠耳蜗、尾部、足垫和鼻垫组织中prestin基因mRNA的表达水平。研究结果表明,与人、大鼠、小鼠、裸鼢鼠、家兔和牛6种哺乳类动物相比,高原鼢鼠prestin基因编码的氨基酸序列显示存在9个氨基酸残基突变;Test2模型未检测到统计上显著的正选择位点;高原鼢鼠耳蜗prestin基因mRNA的表达水平显著高于高原鼠兔(P<0.05),高原鼢鼠耳蜗和尾部prestin基因mRNA的表达水平显著高于足垫和鼻垫（P<0.01）。以上结果说明,prestin基因不仅在高原鼢鼠耳蜗中表达,而且在尾部、足垫和鼻垫组织中也有表达。高原鼢鼠在地下洞道生活过程中,可能利用尾巴、前后足和鼻子辅助感知低频声波,从而准确地进行空间定位。