Exploring beliefs behind support for and opposition to wildlife management methods: a qualitative study

Wildlife management methods such as culling (lethal control) and fencing can be controversial in some circumstances. Such controversy can be problematic for decision-makers or those managing decision-making processes and can lead to management delays or inertia. Understanding the reasons why people support or oppose specific management methods is therefore an important objective for researchers. Attitudes towards methods are in part based on individual beliefs about those methods, the species of wildlife being managed and other associated phenomena. This paper adopts a qualitative approach to develop understanding of these beliefs. We conducted 17 focus-groups on wild deer management at two locations in Britain, with both ‘professional’ land manager and ‘public’ participants (n?=?103). We identified a number of individual beliefs which are grouped into five categories: naturalness, overabundance, impacts, effectiveness and animal welfare. Our findings suggest that potentially controversial management methods will receive most support where the objective is to maintain a ‘natural’ environment, at sites where impacts are evident, and when using targeted and effective methods.     

Research on hepatitis B virus genotypes and subgenotypes among Bai nationality in Dali, Yunnan Province

To investigate the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and subgenotypes among the Bai nationality in Dali, a total of 100 serum samples from patients with chronic HBV-infection were collected for the detection of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes by genotype-specific primers and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RLFP), respectively. Among the 100 samples, the proportions of genotype B, C and mixed genotype (B C) were 41%, 25% and 34%, respectively. All the genotype B strains belonged to subgenotype Ba. In genotype C, 84% were Subgenotype Cs and 12% were subgenotype Ce. The distribution of genotypes B, C and B C showed no significant difference between male and female patients (P=0.182) and among the age groups of patients (P=0.812). The rates of HBeAg/HBeAg positivity were no significantly different among genotypes B, genotype C and mixed genotype (B C) (P=0.077/P=0.663). In Dali, genotypes B, B C and C existed among Bai nationality with chronic HBV-infection, and genotype B was the major genotype. Subgenotypes Ba and Cs were the predominant strains in patients with HBV genotype B/C infection. The most prominent characteristic was the higher prevalent rate of mixed genotype (B C) in patients.     

DOA1/UFD3 plays a role in sorting ubiquitinated membrane proteins into multivesicular bodies

Ubiquitin (Ub) is a sorting signal that targets integral membrane proteins to the interior of the vacuole/lysosome by directing them into lumenal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs). The Vps27-Hse1 complex, which is homologous to the Hrs-STAM complex in mammalian cells, serves as a Ub-sorting receptor at the surface of early endosomes. We have found that Hse1 interacts with Doa1/Ufd3. Doa1 is known to interact with Cdc48/p97 and Ub and is required for maintaining Ub levels. We find that the Hse1 Src homology 3 domain binds directly to the central PFU domain of Doa1. Mutations in Doa1 that block Hse1 binding but not Ub binding do not alter Ub levels but do result in the missorting of the MVB cargo GFP-Cps1. Loss of Doa1 also causes a synthetic growth defect when combined with loss of Vps27. Unlike the loss of Doa1 alone, the doa1Delta vps27Delta double mutant phenotype is not suppressed by Ub overexpression, demonstrating that the effect is not due to indirect consequence of lowered Ub levels. Loss of Doa1 results in a defect in the accumulation of GFP-Ub within yeast vacuoles, implying that there is a reduction in the flux of ubiquitinated membrane proteins through the MVB pathway. This defect was also reflected by an inability to properly sort Vph1-GFP-Ub, a modified subunit of the multiprotein vacuolar ATPase complex, which carries an in-frame fusion of Ub as an MVB sorting signal. These results reveal novel roles for Doa1 in helping to process ubiquitinated membrane proteins for sorting into MVBs.     

Upregulation of miR-582-5p regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting AKT3 in human endometrial carcinoma

The human endometrial carcinoma is one of the most common female malignancies, and there is an urgent requirement to explore new therapeutic strategies. There is accumulating evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for various types of cancer, but the significance of miR-582-5p still remains largely unknown in the endometrial carcinoma. The aims of this study were to understand and identify the influence of miR-582-5p on the proliferation and apoptosis of human endometrial carcinoma and its relevant mechanism. First, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect miR-582-5p and AKT3 expression in human tissue samples and cells. Then, CyQuant assay and 2D colony assay were employed to evaluate cell proliferation. Western blotting was used to determine protein expression. Subsequently, the luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the target of miR-582-5p. Finally, Annexin V assay was used to detect cell apoptosis. We found that miR-582-5p expression was significantly decreased in human endometrial carcinoma tissues, and miR-582-5p upregulation in human endometrial carcinoma cells inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis. Moreover, AKT3 was validated as a target of miR-582-5p and AKT3 expression was inversely correlated with miR-582-5p expression. Besides, AKT3 upregulation efficiently abrogates the effect of miR-582-5p on the cells. These results demonstrated that miR-582-5p regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in human endometrial carcinoma via AKT3. Thus, miR-582-5p represents a potential therapeutic target in human endometrial carcinoma meriting further investigation.     

超抗原SEA与抗黑色素瘤ScFv融合基因的构建及表达

采用酶切连接和重叠PCR连接两种方法将抗黑色素瘤单链抗体基因和去除N端信号肽的金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A基因进行融合,并将融合基因克隆于pET28a表达载体上,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)。用NiNTA系统对表达产物进行分离、纯化。MTT法检测融合蛋白对黑色素瘤细胞的体外抑制率。结果表明6HisScFvSEA融合蛋白可在E.coli BL21(DE3)中稳定表达,表达量占菌体蛋白的30%,主要以包涵体的形式存在。融合蛋白可通过激活效应细胞对表达相关抗原的黑色素瘤细胞发挥抑制作用。     

Acylated flavone glycosides from Veronica

A survey of the flavonoid glycosides of selected taxa in the genus Veronica yielded two new acylated 5,6,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone (6-hydroxyluteolin) glycosides and two unusual allose-containing acylated 5,7,8,4'-tetrahydroxyflavone (isoscutellarein) glycosides. The new compounds were isolated from V. liwanensis and V. longifolia and identified using NMR spectroscopy as 6-hydroxyluteolin 4'-methyl ether 7-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl(1"'-->2")[6"-O-acetyl-beta-glucopyranoside] and 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-(6"-O-(E)-caffeoyl)-beta-glucopyranoside, respectively. Isoscutellarein 7-O-(6"'-O-acetyl)-beta-allopyranosyl(1"'-->2")-beta-glucopyranoside was obtained from both V. intercedens and V. orientalis and its 4'-methyl ether from V. orientalis only. Complete 1H and 13C NMR spectral assignments are presented for both isoscutellarein glycosides. Two iridoid glucosides new to the genus Veronica (melittoside and globularifolin) were also isolated from V. intercedens.     

黄连木五倍子的生态研究与利用

一、产地自然概况黄连木五倍子最早发现于河南省南部信阳市郊贤山脚下(东经114°0′,,北纬32°10′)。该地为低山丘陵,海拔90一320m,南部紧连鸡公山厂傍依南湾水库和狮河。     

结直肠癌组织RPN11与Ki67的表达及其临床病理学意义

目的观察去泛素化酶RPN11和增殖相关核标记物Ki67在结直肠癌组织中的表达,研究其与结直肠癌肿瘤细胞增殖的相关性及与结直肠癌临床病理特征的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学SABC法检测56例结直癌组织及20例癌旁正常组织中的RPN11和Ki67表达,结合临床病理学资料进行统计分析。结果免疫组织化学染色显示:RPN11及Ki67在结直肠癌组织的阳性表达率明显高于正常结直肠组织;RPN11和Ki67的表达均与肿瘤分化程度、TNM分期、转移有关,而与性别、年龄无明显相关;RPN11与Ki67的表达呈正相关。结论RPN11和Ki67可能共同参与结直肠癌肿瘤细胞的增殖调控,并促进结直肠癌的发生发展以及浸润转移。