Principles and applications of luminescence spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatographic techniques

An overview is presented of the physicochemical basis of luminescence, and its application to the detection of chemicals (drugs, biomedically important compounds, environmentally active substances) in liquid chromatographic systems.     

基因型和胚龄对小麦未成熟胚离体培养反应的影响

本文对34种基因型的小麦未成熟胚在离体培养中的反应进行了比较。结果表明,94％的供试基因型愈伤组织诱导率都可达到80％以上,若排除供体植株环境条件的不同和接种过程中的人为因素可能造成的影响,不同基因型的愈伤组织诱导率看来没有根本的差异。愈伤组织分化率因基因型的不同变动在0—60％之间,平均为32.7％。虽然同一基因型的盾片愈伤组织分化率在不同年份中有所不同,但是愈伤组织是否具有再生能力?看来是个稳定的遗传性状。因此小麦未成熟胚对愈伤组织诱导的反应和愈伤组织的再生能力可能具有不同的遗传基础。本文的结果还表明,虽然最适于培养的未成熟胚的大小为1毫米左右,伹小至0.3毫米的未成熱胚仍能以几乎100％的频率形成愈伤组织,60％左右的愈伤组织能分化出再生檀株,只是所需的时间比1毫米左右的胚较长。     

建兰根状茎增殖条件的研究

研究了建兰两个栽培品种的根状茎在固体及液体两种培养方式,以及培养基中有无激素和不同激素浓度配比对增殖及分化的影响。根状茎在液体培养基上的生长量都大于固体培养基上的生长量。根状茎在无激素的培养基上也能增殖。加入激素有促进作用。合适的激素浓度及配比因品种而异。     

HBsAg重组DNA转化中国地鼠卵巢细胞二氢叶酸还原酶阴性突变株的细胞染色体变化及致瘤性

整合了含乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)基因和dhfr基因的CHO-dhfr~-细胞,其染色体的畸变率和畸变类型都比亲代CHO-dhfr~-细胞高。但转化前后两系细胞的重要特性都未发生变异,即两者的染色体总数无差别,都是20条。两系细胞株接种裸鼠,均未发现有致瘤性。     

糙叶败酱挥发油镇静作用的研究

本文观察了败酱科植物糙叶败酱(Patrinia scabra Bunge)根和根茎中制得的挥发油的镇静作用,井与黄花败酱挥发油做了比较。结果表明,此油灌胃给予数组小鼠,剂量0.45ml/kg,显示如下的作用:[1]能显著延长由于腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠(50mg/kg)引起的小鼠睡眠时间,但其作用强度弱于黄花败酱挥发油。(2)一次灌胃给予小鼠大剂量10.46g/kg的糙叶败酱挥发油,连续观察10天,动物外观正常,无一死亡,体重增加与对照组相似。     

P-glycoprotein: multidrug-resistance and a superfamily of membrane-associated transport proteins

The study of multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumor cell lines has led to the discovery of the plasma membrane P-glycoprotein (Pgp) molecule. This protein functions as an energy-dependent pump for the efflux of diverse anticancer drugs from MDR cells. It now appears that Pgp-mediated MDR tumor cells do occur in human cancers, and that they are likely to play a role in the ultimate response of patients to chemotherapy. Chemosensitizers, compounds able to reverse the MDR phenotype, have been identified and offer the exciting possibility of improving efficacy for some nonresponsive malignancies. Surprisingly, Pgp-like molecules can be found in evolutionarily distant species among both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. As a group, these proteins form a superfamily of ATP-dependent transport proteins. This finding has broad implications and provides new insights into how living organisms use this fundamental transport system to regulate the trafficking of diverse molecules across biological membranes.     

菘蓝多倍体育种的研究

本文报道药用植物菘蓝(Isatis indigotica Foft.)同源四倍体的诱发、鉴定、选育的研究。用0.05-0.5％浓度的秋水仙碱水溶液处理萌发的种子,或用0.05-0.3％浓度的此溶液处理幼苗的生长点,均可以获得四倍体植株。最适宜的处理时间为6-12小时。除用直接的细胞学技术鉴定多倍体植株外,一些重要的间接鉴定特征,如叶表皮保卫细胞中叶绿体数,花粉沟数可作为鉴定本种多倍体植株的可靠指标。比较了四倍体植株和二倍体亲本的生物学特性。经过数代选育,获得了性状稳定、繁殖力正常、根与叶中活性成分均有较大幅度提高、生产性能良好的品系。     

鲢、鳙在天然条件下的摄食强度(Ⅱ)武汉东湖鲢、鳙周年摄食强度的研究

武汉东湖的鲢(Hypophthalmichthy molitrix)鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)在天然条件下摄食强度具季节性变化。摄食强度高峰处于夏季,低谷处于冬季。在实验条件下,按周年采样期间水温变化范围,测定鱼的肠管排空率。食物通过鱼肠管时间(Y_p—h)与水温(X_t—℃)的关系为: 鲢Y_p=270.63 X_t~(0.6408) 鳙Y_p=280.46 X_t~(0.6642) 根据修正后Bajkov公式(D=C (24.A)/n),估算鱼的日粮。鱼日粮(Y_D)与水温(X_t)关系为: 鲢Y_D=0.2683e~(0.1503X_t) 鳙Y_D=0.0075X_t~(2.2715) 计算鱼在天然条件下周年月粮及年粮。鲢、鳙对天然饵料年消耗量分别为18.924公斤及17.39公斤,饵料系数分别为18.02及13.38。     

Characterization and purification of membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase from human red blood cells

The membrane-bound form of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdInsP) kinase was purified 4,300-fold from human red blood cells to a specific activity of 117 nmol min-1 mg-1. Although this enzyme copurified with red blood cell membranes, it was solubilized by high salt extraction in the absence of detergent indicating that it is a peripheral membrane protein. The major protein seen in the most purified preparation migrated at 53,000 daltons on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The major PtdInsP kinase activity in this preparation was also coincident with this 53,000-dalton band upon renaturation of activity from SDS-PAGE. To test further whether the 53,000-dalton protein contained PtdInsP kinase activity, antibodies were prepared against the gel-purified 53,000-dalton protein. This antiserum was able to precipitate both the 53,000-dalton peptide and PtdInsP kinase activity from red blood cell membranes. The apparent size of the native enzyme in the most purified preparation was determined to be 150,000 +/- 25,000 daltons by gel filtration. This PtdInsP kinase activity was at least 100-fold more active in phosphorylating PtdInsP than phosphatidylinositol and was easily separated from the red cell membrane phosphatidylinositol kinase by salt extraction. Analysis of the reaction product, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, indicates that the enzyme phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate specifically at the 5'-hydroxyl of the inositol ring. The apparent Km for ATP was 2 microM, and the concentrations of Mg2+ and Mn2+ giving half-maximal activity were 2 and 0.2 mM, respectively. Mg2+ supported 3-fold higher activity than Mn2+ at optimal concentrations. The enzymatic activity was inhibited by its product, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and enhanced by phosphatidylserine.