全文获取类型
收费全文 | 518篇 |
免费 | 70篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 18篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 12篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 28篇 |
2014年 | 33篇 |
2013年 | 39篇 |
2012年 | 43篇 |
2011年 | 44篇 |
2010年 | 28篇 |
2009年 | 27篇 |
2008年 | 54篇 |
2007年 | 37篇 |
2006年 | 28篇 |
2005年 | 31篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 20篇 |
2002年 | 21篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有588条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Amplified Intergenic Locus Polymorphism as a Basis for Bacterial Typing of Listeria spp. and Escherichia coli
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Applied microbiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Lilach Somer Yael Danin-Poleg Eran Diamant Riva Gur-Arie Yniv Palti Yechezkel Kashi 《Applied microbiology》2005,71(6):3144-3152
DNA-based methods are increasingly important for bacterial typing. The high number of polymorphic sites present among closely related bacterial genomes is the basis for the presented method. The method identifies multilocus genomic polymorphisms in intergenic regions termed AILP (amplified intergenic locus polymorphism). For each locus, a pair of unique PCR primers was designed to amplify an intergenic sequence from one open reading frame (ORF) to the adjacent ORF. Presence, absence, and size variation of the amplification products were identified and used as genetic markers for rapidly differentiating among strains. Polymorphism was evaluated using 18 AILP sites among 28 strains of Listeria monocytogenes and 6 strains of Listeria spp. and 30 AILP markers among 27 strains of Escherichia coli. Up to four alleles per locus were identified among Listeria strains, and up to six were identified among E. coli strains. In both species, more than half of the AILP sites revealed intraspecies polymorphism. The AILP data were applied to phylogenetic analysis among Listeria and E. coli strains. A clear distinction between L. monocytogenes and Listeria spp. was demonstrated. In addition, the method separated L. monocytogenes into the three known lineages and discriminated the most common virulent serotypic group, 4b. In E. coli, AILP analysis separated the known groups as well as the virulent O157:H7 isolates. These findings for both Listeria and E. coli are in agreement with other phylogenetic studies using molecular markers. The AILP method was found to be rapid, simple, reproducible, and a low-cost method for initial bacterial typing that could serve as a basis for epidemiological investigation. 相似文献
92.
Marash L Liberman N Henis-Korenblit S Sivan G Reem E Elroy-Stein O Kimchi A 《Molecular cell》2008,30(4):447-459
DAP5 is an eIF4G protein previously implicated in mediating cap-independent translation in response to cellular stresses. Here we report that DAP5 is crucial for continuous cell survival in nonstressed cells. The knockdown of endogenous DAP5 induced M phase-specific caspase-dependent apoptosis. Bcl-2 and CDK1 were identified by two independent screens as DAP5 translation targets. Notably, the activity of the Bcl-2 IRES was reduced in DAP5 knockdown cells and a selective shift of Bcl-2 mRNA toward light polysomal fractions was detected. Furthermore, a functional IRES was identified in the 5'UTR of CDK1. At the cellular level, attenuated translation of CDK1 by DAP5 knockdown decreased the phosphorylation of its M phase substrates. Ectopic expression of Bcl-2 or CDK1 proteins partially reduced the extent of caspase activation caused by DAP5 knockdown. Thus, DAP5 is necessary for maintaining cell survival during mitosis by promoting cap-independent translation of at least two prosurvival proteins. 相似文献
93.
Spawning salmon deliver nutrients (salmon-derived nutrients, SDN) to natal watersheds that can be incorporated into terrestrial
and aquatic food webs, potentially increasing ecosystem productivity. Peterson Creek, a coastal watershed in southeast Alaska
that supports several species of anadromous fish, was sampled over the course of a storm during September 2006 to test the
hypothesis that stormflows re-introduce stored SDN into the stream. We used stable isotopes and PARAFAC modeling of fluorescence
excitation–emission spectroscopy to detect flushing of DOM from salmon carcasses in the riparian zone back into a spawning
stream. During the early storm hydrograph, streamwater concentrations of NH4–N and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), the fluorescent protein tyrosine and the δ15N content of DOM peaked, followed by a rapid decrease during maximum stormflow. Although δ15N has previously been used to track SDN in riparian zones, the use of fluorescence spectroscopy provides an independent indicator
that SDN are being returned from the riparian zone to the stream after a period of intermediate storage outside the stream
channel. Our findings further demonstrate the utility of using both δ15N of streamwater DOM and fluorescence spectroscopy with PARAFAC modeling to monitor how the pool of streamwater DOM changes
in spawning salmon streams. 相似文献
94.
95.
Takao Koeduka Irina Orlova Thomas J. Baiga Joseph P. Noel Natalia Dudareva Eran Pichersky 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2009,58(6):961-969
Floral scent has been extensively investigated in plants of the South American genus Petunia. Flowers of Petunia integrifolia emit mostly benzaldehyde, while flowers of Petunia axillaris subsp. axillaris emit a mixture of volatile benzenoid and phenylpropanoid compounds that include isoeugenol and eugenol. Flowers of the artificial hybrid Petunia hybrida, a cross between P. integrifolia and P. axillaris, emit a similar spectrum of volatiles as P. axillaris subsp. axillaris. However, the flowers of P. axillaris subsp. parodii emit neither isoeugenol nor eugenol but contain high levels of dihydroconiferyl acetate in the petals, the main scent‐synthesizing and scent‐emitting organs. We recently showed that both isoeugenol and eugenol in P. hybrida are biosynthesized from coniferyl acetate in reactions catalyzed by isoeugenol synthase (PhIGS1) and eugenol synthase (PhEGS1), respectively, via a quinone methide‐like intermediate. Here we show that P. axillaris subsp. parodii has a functional EGS gene that is expressed in flowers, but its IGS gene contains a frame‐shift mutation that renders it inactive. Despite the presence of active EGS enzyme in P. axillaris subsp. parodii, in the absence of IGS activity the coniferyl acetate substrate is converted by an as yet unknown enzyme to dihydroconiferyl acetate. By contrast, suppressing the expression of PhIGS1 in P. hybrida by RNA interference also leads to a decrease in isoeugenol biosynthesis, but instead of the accumulation of dihydroconiferyl acetate, the flowers synthesize higher levels of eugenol. 相似文献
96.
97.
Recent clinical evidence suggests important role of lipid and amino acid metabolism in early pre-autoimmune stages of type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. We study the molecular paths associated with the incidence of insulitis and type 1 diabetes in the Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mouse model using available gene expression data from the pancreatic tissue from young pre-diabetic mice. We apply a graph-theoretic approach by using a modified color coding algorithm to detect optimal molecular paths associated with specific phenotypes in an integrated biological network encompassing heterogeneous interaction data types. In agreement with our recent clinical findings, we identified a path downregulated in early insulitis involving dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase (DHAPAT), a key regulator of ether phospholipid synthesis. The pathway involving serine/threonine-protein phosphatase (PP2A), an upstream regulator of lipid metabolism and insulin secretion, was found upregulated in early insulitis. Our findings provide further evidence for an important role of lipid metabolism in early stages of type 1 diabetes pathogenesis, as well as suggest that such dysregulation of lipids and related increased oxidative stress can be tracked to beta cells. 相似文献
98.
Perlson E Michaelevski I Kowalsman N Ben-Yaakov K Shaked M Seger R Eisenstein M Fainzilber M 《Journal of molecular biology》2006,364(5):938-944
Cleavage fragments of de novo synthesized vimentin were recently reported to interact with phosphorylated Erk1 and Erk2 MAP kinases (pErk) in injured sciatic nerve, thus linking pErk to a signaling complex retrogradely transported on importins and dynein. Here we clarify the structural basis for this interaction, which explains how pErk is protected from dephosphorylation while bound to vimentin. Pull-down and ELISA experiments revealed robust calcium-dependent binding of pErk to the second coiled-coil domain of vimentin, with observed affinities of binding increasing from 180 nM at 0.1 microM calcium to 15 nM at 10 microM calcium. In contrast there was little or no binding of non-phosphorylated Erk to vimentin under these conditions. Geometric and electrostatic complementarity docking generated a number of solutions wherein vimentin binding to pErk occludes the lip containing the phosphorylated residues in the kinase. Binding competition experiments with Erk peptides confirmed a solution in which vimentin covers the phosphorylation lip in pErk, interacting with residues above and below the lip. The same peptides inhibited pErk binding to the dynein complex in sciatic nerve axoplasm, and interfered with protection from phosphatases by vimentin. Thus, a soluble intermediate filament fragment interacts with a signaling kinase and protects it from dephosphorylation by calcium-dependent steric hindrance. 相似文献
99.
100.
Padhukasahasram B Halperin E Wessel J Thomas DJ Silver E Trumbower H Cargill M Stephan DA 《PloS one》2010,5(12):e14338
The prevalence of common chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) far overshadows the prevalence of both monogenic and infectious diseases combined. All CNCDs, also called complex genetic diseases, have a heritable genetic component that can be used for pre-symptomatic risk assessment. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that tag risk haplotypes across the genome currently account for a non-trivial portion of the germ-line genetic risk and we will likely continue to identify the remaining missing heritability in the form of rare variants, copy number variants and epigenetic modifications. Here, we describe a novel measure for calculating the lifetime risk of a disease, called the genetic composite index (GCI), and demonstrate its predictive value as a clinical classifier. The GCI only considers summary statistics of the effects of genetic variation and hence does not require the results of large-scale studies simultaneously assessing multiple risk factors. Combining GCI scores with environmental risk information provides an additional tool for clinical decision-making. The GCI can be populated with heritable risk information of any type, and thus represents a framework for CNCD pre-symptomatic risk assessment that can be populated as additional risk information is identified through next-generation technologies. 相似文献