Elucidation of the Origin of NOEs And ROEs that Show the Hydration in the Minor and Major Grooves of DNA Duplex with ATTAAT Tract by a Combination of NOESY and ROESY Experiments

Abstract

A combination of NOESY and ROESY experiments (using ammonia as a catalyst across the pH range of 5 to 8.6) has given us a clear understanding regarding the origin of nOes that are attributed to the stereochemical location and the residence time of water in the major and the minor grooves of d⁵'(¹C²C³A⁴T⁵T⁶A⁷A⁸T⁹G¹⁰G)₂ ³' duplex Our conclusions are the following: (i) In the major groove, the presence of ammonia in the buffer does not influence on the process of exchange between bound and bulk water, (ii) It has been found that the observation of the bound water in the minor groove is a result of straight dipole-dipole effect at the physiological pH. (iii) The residence time of water near H2 of adenine (H2A) in the minor groove has been estimated to be in the range of 0.3–0.5ns, which is closer to the residence time of the bound water found on the surface of protein, (iv) The hydration pattern in the minor groove in the physiological pH, under our NMR measurement condition, is similar to the ones found in the X-ray structure, (v) It has been shown that at pH > 8.0 the nOe/rOe intensities of the water-H2A crosspeaks dramatically increase due to dipole-dipole and/or relayed magnetization transfer from H2A to water through ammonia catalyst.     

Role of the Plasma Membrane Ca2+-ATPase Pump in the Regulation of Rhythm Generation by an Interstitial Cell of Cajal: A Computational Study

Neurophysiology - Gastrointestinal motility is based on the rhythmic activity of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). The ICC rhythm generation relies upon characteristic Ca2+-handling mechanisms...     

Curcumin prevented human autocrine growth hormone (GH) signaling mediated NF-κB activation and miR-183-96-182 cluster stimulated epithelial mesenchymal transition in T47D breast cancer cells

Molecular Biology Reports - Autocrine growth hormone (GH) signaling is a promoting factor for breast cancer via triggering abnormal cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis, drug resistance....     

Morphological Differentiation of Altai Osman Oreoleuciscus humilis (Cyprinidae) in the Tuin-Gol River,Lake Valley,Mongolia

Journal of Ichthyology - Variability of osteological characters of Altai osmans of the genus Oreoleuciscus in the Tuin River is studied. Two morphological forms are discerned on the basis of...     

Structural-functional organization of signaling systems coupled to G-proteins in ameba Dictyostelium discoideum

Signaling systems sensitive to external stimuli of various nature have appeared at the earliest stages of evolution—at the level of lower eukaryotes. This review summarizes and analyzed for first time the literature data on signaling systems coupled to G-proteins the ameba Dictyostelium discoideum, one of the best studied representatives of unicellular animals. Through these systems, cAMP, chemoattractant, and polypeptide factors regulate such cellular processes as growth, movement, aggregation, differentiation, and sporulation. In Dictyostelium discoideum, heterotrimeric G-proteins were shown to play an important role in providing functional coupling between the plasma membrane receptors to enzymes-generators of second messengers, like this occurs in the higher eukaryote cells. The data are presented on comparative analysis of the primary protein structures, components of the signaling systems coupled to G-proteins in amebae and higher eukaryotes. These data indicate the high conservatism of these systems in evolution.     

Selection of Brassica rapa genotypes for tolerance to boron toxicity

Although boron (B) is a micronutrient essential for the growth of vascular plants, it reduces growth and seed yield when present in excessive amounts. A hydroponic assay of nineteen Brassica rapa genotypes resulted in the identification of two tolerant genotypes, WWY Sarson and Local at a range of boron concentrations (15–165 μM). The most tolerant and sensitive genotypes were assessed for shoot boron concentrations in a soil assay with 4, 29 and 54 mg B kg⁻¹ soil. The soil assay confirmed the results of the hydroponic screening. Shoot boron uptake was at least three times lower and shoot boron concentrations about 10 times lower in the tolerant than sensitive genotypes, indicating that boron tolerance involved boron exclusion from the shoot.