冬小麦根表面氧化还原活力的研究

证实了两个不同品种的冬小麦根系表面存在着氧化ＮＡＤＨ和还原Ｋ３Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６的氧化的活力。还原铁氰化物活力在ＰＨ５．５到８．５范围内随着ＰＨ值升高而增大,温度在１５℃到４５℃范围内随温度升高还原活力增强,４５℃达最高值,５５℃时活力急剧下降。     

In Vitro Reconstitution of Cortical Actin Assembly Sites in Budding Yeast

We have developed a biochemical approach for identifying the components of cortical actin assembly sites in polarized yeast cells, based on a permeabilized cell assay that we established for actin assembly in vitro. Previous analysis indicated that an activity associated with the cell cortex promotes actin polymerization in the bud. After inactivation by a chemical treatment, this activity can be reconstituted back to the permeabilized cells from a cytoplasmic extract. Fractionation of the extract revealed that the reconstitution depends on two sequentially acting protein factors. Bee1, a cortical actin cytoskeletal protein with sequence homology to Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, is required for the first step of the reconstitution. This finding, together with the severe defects in actin organization associated with the bee1 null mutation, indicates that Bee1 protein plays a direct role in controlling actin polymerization at the cell cortex. The factor that acts in the second step of the reconstitution has been identified by conventional chromatography. It is composed of a novel protein, Pca1. Sequence analysis suggests that Pca1 has the potential to interact with SH3 domain-containing proteins and phospholipids.     

Apigenin 7-glucoside diacetates in ligulate flowers of Matricaria chamomilla

From ligulate flowers of Matricaria chamomilla was isolated a mixture of apigenin 7-O-β-glucoside diacetates, which was shown to be based on (2″, 3″)- and (3″, 4″)-diacetates.     

宁夏沙区沙拐枣属和柽柳属的引选及抗逆造林

宁夏分布有大面积的流动沙地和盐碱地,因此,引进适生的植物对治沙造林、改善生态环境有重大意义。本文报道沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)和柽柳属(Tamarix L.)的引选及抗逆性造林技术方面的结果。     

The Hyper-Gene Conversion Hpr5-1 Mutation of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Is an Allele of the Srs2/Radh Gene

The HPR5 gene has been defined by the mutation hpr5-1 that results in an increased rate of gene conversion. This mutation suppresses the UV sensitive phenotype of rad18 mutations in hpr5-1 rad18 double mutants by channeling the aborted repair events into a recombination repair pathway. The HPR5 gene has been cloned and is shown to be allelic to the SRS2/RADH gene, a putative DNA helicase. The HPR5 gene, which is nonessential, is tightly linked to the ARG3 locus chromosome X. The hpr5-1 allele contains missense mutation in the putative ATP binding domain. A comparison of the recombination properties of the hpr5-1 allele and the null allele suggests that recombination events in hpr5 defective strains can be generated by several mechanisms. We propose that the HPR5 gene functions in the RAD6 repair pathway.     

Structural and functional relationships of human DNA polymerases

A continuing theme of our laboraory, has been the understanding of human DNA polymerases at the structural level. We have purified DNA polymerases delta, epsilon and alpha from human placenta. Monoclonal antibodies to these polymerases were isolated and used as tools to study their immunochemical relationships. These studies have shown that while DNA polymerases delta, epsilon and alpha are discrete protiens, they must share common structural features by virtue of the ability of several of our monoclonal antibodies to exhibit cross-reactivity. A second approach we have taken is the molecular cloning of human DNA polymerase delta and epsilon. We have cloned the DNA polymerase delta cDNA, and this has allowed us to compare its primary structure to those of human polymerase alpha and other members of this polymerase family. Multiple sequence alignments have revealed that human DNA polymerase delta is also closely related to the herpes virus family of DNA polymerases. In situ hybridization has shown that the human DNA polymerase delta gene is localized to chromosome 19 q13.3–q13.4. In order to further determine the functional regions of the DNA polymerase δ structure we are currently expressing human pol δ inE. coli and baculovirus systems. Other work in our laboratory is directed toward examining the expression of DNA polymerase δ during the cell cycle.     

Enhanced Orai1-mediated store-operated Ca2+ channel/calpain signaling contributes to high glucose-induced podocyte injury

Podocyte injury induced by hyperglycemia is the main cause of kidney dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Store-operated Ca²⁺ entry (SOCE) regulates a diversity of cellular processes in a variety of cell types. Calpain, a Ca²⁺-dependent cysteine protease, was recently shown to be involved in podocyte injury. In the present study, we sought to determine whether increased SOCE contributed to high glucose (HG)–induced podocyte injury through activation of the calpain pathway. In cultured human podocytes, whole-cell patch clamp indicated the presence of functional store-operated Ca²⁺ channels, which are composed of Orai1 proteins and mediate SOCE. Western blots showed that HG treatment increased the protein abundance of Orai1 in a dose-dependent manner. Consistently, calcium imaging experiments revealed that SOCE was significantly enhanced in podocytes following HG treatment. Furthermore, HG treatment caused overt podocyte F-actin disorganization as well as a significant decrease in nephrin protein abundance, both of which are indications of podocyte injury. These podocyte injury responses were significantly blunted by both pharmacological inhibition of Orai1 using the small molecule inhibitor BTP2 or by genetic deletion of Orai1 using CRISPR-Cas9 lentivirus. Moreover, activation of SOCE by thapsigargin, an inhibitor of Ca²⁺ pump on the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, significantly increased the activity of calpain, which was inhibited by BTP2. Finally, the calpain-1/calpain-2 inhibitor calpeptin significantly blunted the nephrin protein reduction induced by HG treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that enhanced signaling via an Orai1/SOCE/Calpain axis contributes to HG-induced podocyte injury.     

葡萄果粒表皮酵母菌多样性研究

从新疆、甘肃、陕西、宁夏、山东主要酿酒葡萄产区收集葡萄果粒并分离得到酵母258株,利用26S rDNA的D1/D2区序列分析并结合形态学、生理学特征对这些菌株进行了分类学研究,探讨了这些地区葡萄果粒表皮酵母的物种多样性及其分布.共鉴定出13属26种,其中优势属为汉逊酵母属Hanseniaspora(5种),假丝酵母属Candida(4种),毕赤酵母属Pichia(4种)和伊萨酵母属Issatchenkia(2种).对分离自不同地域的同种内不同菌株进行了D1/D2序列分析比较,以探讨不同地理起源地酵母种内序列稳定性及其变异.     

基于遥感的建筑物高度快速提取研究综述

近年来我国城市化进程不断推进,不仅体现在城市面积上的增长,也体现在建筑物高度的增长。高度增长一方面能尽量克服城市土地资源匮乏的瓶颈,另一方面为优化城市结构及城市功能做出贡献。在城市遥感研究领域,对于城市建筑物高度的提取也成为研究的重点。城市建筑物高度的估计与测量,已成为城市规划和扩张、城市灾害风险预警与评估的重要参数,同时也为数字城市三维模型的建立提供了基础测绘资料。分别基于光学遥感影像、高分辨率SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)影像以及光学遥感影像与高分辨率SAR影像的融合三方面,全面阐述城市建筑物高度的提取方法,并比较两类影像在提取建筑物高度的优劣势,通过回顾早年研究方法,逐步引入近年来新的发展趋势。     

澜沧江流域暴雨干旱灾害与海温异常波动规律的相关性

基于中国气象局国家气象信息中心提供的澜沧江区域1961—2011年50年气象资料,采用EMD(Empirical Mode Decomposition)分解、均生函数逐步回归模型、相关分析等方法,探讨了澜沧江流域极端天气灾害的变化特征,及其区域极端灾害变化和全球海温异常ENSO(El Nio/La Nia-Southern Oscillation)之间的联系。结果表明:(1)该区域降水和暴雨频次存在多尺度特征,降水量存在2a、7a、15a的变化周期,且主周期为准2 a。(2)降水量和暴雨频度序列的IMF1和IMF2周期在2—7 a之间,与ENSO在年际变化上的信号相吻合,NINO(El Nio)指数无论春夏秋冬或年际都与暴雨和干旱灾害频次呈现负相关,而SOI(Southern Oscillation Index)指数则呈现正相关,其中,NINO指数与干旱相关性指数在秋冬和年际接近-0.3。(3)澜沧江流域暴雨和干旱灾害与ENSO有重要联系,且随着气温升高干旱灾害频次明显增加。研究结果显示区域极端气温灾害的变化与全球气候变暖有某种关联,是全球气候变化的区域响应表现形式之一。