全文获取类型
收费全文 | 21357篇 |
免费 | 1561篇 |
国内免费 | 1424篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 42篇 |
2023年 | 262篇 |
2022年 | 686篇 |
2021年 | 1161篇 |
2020年 | 776篇 |
2019年 | 974篇 |
2018年 | 868篇 |
2017年 | 670篇 |
2016年 | 966篇 |
2015年 | 1402篇 |
2014年 | 1617篇 |
2013年 | 1674篇 |
2012年 | 1963篇 |
2011年 | 1701篇 |
2010年 | 1053篇 |
2009年 | 905篇 |
2008年 | 1074篇 |
2007年 | 847篇 |
2006年 | 821篇 |
2005年 | 650篇 |
2004年 | 603篇 |
2003年 | 518篇 |
2002年 | 457篇 |
2001年 | 378篇 |
2000年 | 347篇 |
1999年 | 329篇 |
1998年 | 219篇 |
1997年 | 194篇 |
1996年 | 179篇 |
1995年 | 161篇 |
1994年 | 119篇 |
1993年 | 109篇 |
1992年 | 133篇 |
1991年 | 112篇 |
1990年 | 96篇 |
1989年 | 61篇 |
1988年 | 46篇 |
1987年 | 51篇 |
1986年 | 25篇 |
1985年 | 26篇 |
1984年 | 18篇 |
1983年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
121.
Jeffrey S. Chamberlain Michael Boehnke Thomas S. Frank Sam Kiousis Junxhe Xu Sun-Wei Guo Elizabeth R. Hauser Robert A. Norum Elizabeth A. Helmbold Dorene S. Markel Sima M. Keshavarzi C. Eugene Jackson Kathleen Calzone Judy Garber Francis S. Collins Barbara L. Weber 《American journal of human genetics》1993,52(4):792-798
Previous studies have demonstrated linkage between early-onset breast cancer and ovarian cancer and genetic markers on chromosome 17q21. These markers define the location of a gene (BRCA1) which appears to be inherited as an autosomal dominant susceptibility allele. We analyzed five families with multiple affected individuals for evidence of linkage to the BRCA1 region. Two of the five families appear to be linked to BRCA1. One apparently linked family contains critical recombinants, suggesting that the gene is proximal to the marker D17S579 (Mfd188). These findings are consistent with the maximum-likelihood position estimated by the Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium and with recombination events detected in other linked families. Linkage analysis was greatly aided by PCR-based analysis of paraffin-embedded normal breast tissue from deceased family members, demonstrating the feasibility and importance of this approach. One of the two families with evidence of linkage between breast cancer and genetic markers flanking BRCA1 represents the first such family of African-American descent to be reported in detail. 相似文献
122.
Lina Assad Melvin M. Schwartz Ismo Virtanen Victor E. Gould 《Virchows Archiv. B, Cell pathology including molecular pathology》1993,63(1):307-316
Frozen samples of minimal change glomerulopathy (MCG), and of membranous, segmental and diffuse lupus glomerulonephritis (MGN,
SGN, DLGN) were studied to assess the distribution of tenascin (Ten), and the extradomains A and B (EDA-and EDB-) and oncofetal
(Onc-) isoforms of cellular fibronectin (cFn). Cryosections were immunostained by the ABC method with specific monoclonal
antibodies. In MCG, mesangial Ten and EDA-cFn reactions were increased. In MGN, mesangial Ten and EDA-cFn staining was enhanced
except in segmental scars; convincing reactions were seen in cases with membranous transformation; spikes stained strongly.
In SGN, variably intense staining for Ten and all cFn isoforms was seen in glomerular necrosis, proliferation and crescents;
parietal epithelium EDA-cFn staining was noted. In DLGN, strong and extensive mesangial Ten and EDA-cFn staining was seen
as were focal EDB-and Onc-cFn reactions. Parietal cells with and without crescents stained variably with all Mabs. Obsolete
glomeruli were unreactive save for rare periglomerular Ten rims. Interstitial inflammation and fibrosis in MGN, SGN and DLGN
had moderate to strong Ten and EDA-cFn staining with rare traces of EDB-and Onc-cFn. We conclude that enhanced Ten and EDA-cFn
is a potentially reversible response to glomerular injury whereas the expression of EDB-and Onc-cFn apparently result from
necrosis and/or cellular proliferation which lead to scarring. And, while mesangial cells are the major source of these molecules,
epithelial cells might also partake in their synthesis. 相似文献
123.
用快中子照射红粒济宁3号小麦干种子,后代获得白粒植株,经选育而成白粒济宁3号。白粒济宁3号与红粒济宁3号比,除籽粒颜色差别外,籽粒蛋白含量显著高于红粒济宁3号,而落黄性、籽粒饱满度、千粒重、产量均略低于红粒济宁3号,该品种累计种植面积10余万亩。 相似文献
124.
Huili Feng Jiahuan Guo Changhui Peng Daniel Kneeshaw Gabrielle Roberge Chang Pan Xuehong Ma Dan Zhou Weifeng Wang 《Global Change Biology》2023,29(14):3970-3989
A significant increase in reactive nitrogen (N) added to terrestrial ecosystems through agricultural fertilization or atmospheric deposition is considered to be one of the most widespread drivers of global change. Modifying biomass allocation is one primary strategy for maximizing plant growth rate, survival, and adaptability to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there is much uncertainty as to whether and how plant biomass allocation strategies change in response to increased N inputs in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we synthesized 3516 paired observations of plant biomass and their components related to N additions across terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Our meta-analysis reveals that N addition (ranging from 1.08 to 113.81 g m−2 year−1) increased terrestrial plant biomass by 55.6% on average. N addition has increased plant stem mass fraction, shoot mass fraction, and leaf mass fraction by 13.8%, 12.9%, and 13.4%, respectively, but with an associated decrease in plant reproductive mass (including flower and fruit biomass) fraction by 3.4%. We further documented a reduction in plant root-shoot ratio and root mass fraction by 27% (21.8%–32.1%) and 14.7% (11.6%–17.8%), respectively, in response to N addition. Meta-regression results showed that N addition effects on plant biomass were positively correlated with mean annual temperature, soil available phosphorus, soil total potassium, specific leaf area, and leaf area per plant. Nevertheless, they were negatively correlated with soil total N, leaf carbon/N ratio, leaf carbon and N content per leaf area, as well as the amount and duration of N addition. In summary, our meta-analysis suggests that N addition may alter terrestrial plant biomass allocation strategies, leading to more biomass being allocated to aboveground organs than belowground organs and growth versus reproductive trade-offs. At the global scale, leaf functional traits may dictate how plant species change their biomass allocation pattern in response to N addition. 相似文献
125.
药用寄生植物菟丝子属,列当属和无根藤属氨基酸的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文测定了菟丝子属、列当属和无根藤属某些种的种子和植株氨基酸的种类组成和含量。结果表明,3个属种子和植株氨基酸均在15种以上,且含量丰富,特别是必需氨基酸的含量较高。文中讨论了氨基酸的药用和在种子鉴定与化学分类上的作用,探讨了开发应用的前景。 相似文献
126.
黑木耳8808菌株,是笔者几年来,从黑龙江省15个地区,采集的32个样本中,分离的59个野生菌株中,经多次培养、比较,栽培试验选出的一株优质、高产菌株。该菌株1992年,在本省五常县长山乡生产150万袋,全省生产近1000万段,均获丰收,产量、质量均明显优于原生产菌株。为更好的为生产提供科学依据,本文研究了该木耳孢子弹射及萌发特征,菌丝、子实体、孢子形态,不同温度、pH、氮碳源浓度,不同培养料配方对该木耳菌丝生长及产实影响。 相似文献
127.
128.
本文报道了在国内首次用转移因子制剂治疗奶牛隐性乳房炎的效果。我们采用的转移因子制剂是本单位从健康猪脾细胞提取的,经按人用转移因子制检规程检测达到要求后,用于本省西部、东部和郊区三个奶牛场计159头患隐性乳房炎的奶牛,每天一次肌注,连续用药5次,测定用药前后的客观指标(CMT、BTB、苛性钠及氯化物凝乳试验等),以痊愈、显效、好转及无效等判定标准,经统计学处理后看出,用药后与用药前比较,差异非常显著(P<0.01),治疗组的有效率为91.2%,看出了应用转移因子治疗奶牛隐性乳房炎具有明显的治疗效果。 相似文献
129.
Qihe Tang Wanli Li Zhengwei Wang Zhixiang Dong Xijie Li Jiali Li Qi Huang Zhe Cao Wei Gong Yazhou Zhao Minzeng Wang Jun Guo 《Environmental microbiology》2023,25(10):2020-2031
Honeybee (Apis mellifera) ingestion of toxic nectar plants can threaten their health and survival. However, little is known about how to help honeybees mitigate the effects of toxic nectar plant poisoning. We exposed honeybees to different concentrations of Bidens pilosa flower extracts and found that B. pilosa exposure significantly reduced honeybee survival in a dose-dependent manner. By measuring changes in detoxification and antioxidant enzymes and the gut microbiome, we found that superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and carboxylesterase activities were significantly activated with increasing concentrations of B. pilosa and that different concentrations of B. pilosa exposure changed the structure of the honeybee gut microbiome, causing a significant reduction in the abundance of Bartonella (p < 0.001) and an increase in Lactobacillus. Importantly, by using Germ-Free bees, we found that colonization by the gut microbes Bartonella apis and Apilactobacillus kunkeei (original classification as Lactobacillus kunkeei) significantly increased the resistance of honeybees to B. pilosa and significantly upregulated bee-associated immune genes. These results suggest that honeybee detoxification systems possess a level of resistance to the toxic nectar plant B. pilosa and that the gut microbes B. apis and A. kunkeei may augment resistance to B. pilosa stress by improving host immunity. 相似文献
130.
Tamara Schmey Corinn Small Severin Einspanier Lina Muñoz Hoyoz Tahir Ali Soledad Gamboa Betty Mamani German C. Sepulveda Marco Thines Remco Stam 《Environmental microbiology》2023,25(10):1830-1846
The wild relatives of modern tomato crops are native to South America. These plants occur in habitats as different as the Andes and the Atacama Desert and are, to some degree, all susceptible to fungal pathogens of the genus Alternaria. Alternaria is a large genus. On tomatoes, several species cause early blight, leaf spots and other diseases. We collected Alternaria-like infection lesions from the leaves of eight wild tomato species from Chile and Peru. Using molecular barcoding markers, we characterized the pathogens. The infection lesions were caused predominantly by small-spored species of Alternaria of the section Alternaria, like A. alternata, but also by Stemphylium spp., Alternaria spp. from the section Ulocladioides and other related species. Morphological observations and an infection assay confirmed this. Comparative genetic diversity analyses show a larger diversity in this wild system than in studies of cultivated Solanum species. As A. alternata has been reported to be an increasing problem in cultivated tomatoes, investigating the evolutionary potential of this pathogen is not only interesting to scientists studying wild plant pathosystems. It could also inform crop protection and breeding programs to be aware of potential epidemics caused by species still confined to South America. 相似文献