PERV在猪外周血白细胞DNA和组织mRNA中的表达及其差异性分析

为了解我国家猪猪内源性逆转录病毒(PERV)生物学的基本特征,为评价应用猪器官、组织、细胞进行猪一人间跨种移植的生物安全性提供理论基础。本文采用PCR方法调查12个家猪品系外周血白细胞DNA基因组PERV的生物学特征,并应用SS-SSCP、RFLP-PCR方法分析PERV基因片段的差异性及采用RT-PCR方法和半定量方法分析2个品系小型猪13种组织PERV表达的差异。结果表明12个品系猪外周血白细胞DNA基因组普遍存在PERV-A、-B基因序列,未发现单链构象多态性;部分品系猪PER Venv基因序列片段存在限制性片段长度多态性。分析2个品系13种组织均表达PERV-A、-B、-C,肾、淋巴结、肝为高表达器官,胰腺和脑组织为低表达器官,PERV-C mRNA丰度明显低于PERV-A、-B mRNA。PERV env存在限制性片段长度多态性、PERV-A存在碱基缺失和错配的现象,有可能在猪异种移植中构成PERV感染的潜在危险性,这是在猪异种移植过程中值得高度关注的问题。     

Trigoxyphins H and I: two new daphnane diterpenoids from Trigonostemon xyphophylloides

Two new daphnane diterpenoids (1 and 2), together with four known analogues (3-6) were isolated from Trigonostemon xyphophylloides. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activities against the SPCA-1 (human lung cancer) and BEL-7402 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) cancer cell lines. Trigoxyphin I (2) showed modest cytotoxicity against two tumor cell lines.     

Role of myosin light chain kinase in regulation of basal blood pressure and maintenance of salt-induced hypertension

Vascular tone, an important determinant of systemic vascular resistance and thus blood pressure, is affected by vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contraction. Key signaling pathways for VSM contraction converge on phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain (RLC) of smooth muscle myosin. This phosphorylation is mediated by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) but Ca(2+)-independent kinases may also contribute, particularly in sustained contractions. Signaling through MLCK has been indirectly implicated in maintenance of basal blood pressure, whereas signaling through RhoA has been implicated in salt-induced hypertension. In this report, we analyzed mice with smooth muscle-specific knockout of MLCK. Mesenteric artery segments isolated from smooth muscle-specific MLCK knockout mice (MLCK(SMKO)) had a significantly reduced contractile response to KCl and vasoconstrictors. The kinase knockout also markedly reduced RLC phosphorylation and developed force. We suggest that MLCK and its phosphorylation of RLC are required for tonic VSM contraction. MLCK(SMKO) mice exhibit significantly lower basal blood pressure and weaker responses to vasopressors. The elevated blood pressure in salt-induced hypertension is reduced below normotensive levels after MLCK attenuation. These results suggest that MLCK is necessary for both physiological and pathological blood pressure. MLCK(SMKO) mice may be a useful model of vascular failure and hypotension.     

One-step electrochemically co-assembled redox-active [Ru(bpy)(2)(tatp)](2+)-BSA-SWCNTs hybrid film for non-redox protein biosensors

A redox-active [Ru(bpy)(2)(tatp)](2+)-BSA-SWCNTs (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine, tatp=1,4,8,9-tetra-aza-triphenylene, BSA=bovine serum albumin, SWCNTs=single-walled carbon nanotubes) hybrid film is fabricated on an indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode via one-step electrochemical co-assembly approach. BSA is inherently dispersive and therefore served as the linking mediator of SWCNTs, which facilitate the redox reactions of [Ru(bpy)(2)(tatp)](2+) employed as a reporter of BSA. The evidences from differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscope, emission spectroscopy and fluorescence microscope reveal that the [Ru(bpy)(2)(tatp)](2+)-BSA-SWCNTs hybrid can be electrochemically co-assembled on the ITO electrode, showing two pairs of well-defined Ru(II)-based redox waves. Furthermore, the electrochemical co-assembly of the [Ru(bpy)(2)(tatp)](2+)-BSA-SWCNTs hybrid is found to be strongly dependent on the simultaneous presence of BSA and SWCNTs, indicating a good linear response to BSA in the range from 6 to 50mgL(-1). The results from this study provide an electrochemical co-assembly method for the development of non-redox protein biosensors.     

Chromatic cues to trap the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis

Various colors have been used as visual cues to trap insect pests. For example, yellow traps for monitoring and control of the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) have been in use for a very long time. However, the chromatic cue of using color traps has never been meticulously investigated. In this study, the spectral sensitivities of the photoreceptors in the compound eyes of B. dorsalis were measured intracellularly, and the theory of receptor quantum catch was applied to study the chromatic cue of fly attracting. Responses to five wavelength categories with peak wavelengths of 370, 380, 490, and 510 nm, and one with dual peaks at 350 and 490 nm were recorded. Based on spectral sensitivities, six colored papers were chosen to test the color preference of the fly, and an additional UV preference test was done to confirm the effect of the UV stimuli. It was concluded that UV and green stimuli (spectra: 300-380 nm and 500-570 nm) would enhance the attractiveness of a colored paper to the oriental fruit fly, and blue stimuli (380-500 nm) would diminish the attractiveness.     

A two-stage random forest-based pathway analysis method

Pathway analysis provides a powerful approach for identifying the joint effect of genes grouped into biologically-based pathways on disease. Pathway analysis is also an attractive approach for a secondary analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data that may still yield new results from these valuable datasets. Most of the current pathway analysis methods focused on testing the cumulative main effects of genes in a pathway. However, for complex diseases, gene-gene interactions are expected to play a critical role in disease etiology. We extended a random forest-based method for pathway analysis by incorporating a two-stage design. We used simulations to verify that the proposed method has the correct type I error rates. We also used simulations to show that the method is more powerful than the original random forest-based pathway approach and the set-based test implemented in PLINK in the presence of gene-gene interactions. Finally, we applied the method to a breast cancer GWAS dataset and a lung cancer GWAS dataset and interesting pathways were identified that have implications for breast and lung cancers.     

藻类批量培养中的比增长率最大值

批量培养谷皮菱形藻、莱茵衣藻、粉核小球藻、斜生栅藻、羊角月牙藻和铜绿微囊藻等六种藻类,在对数生长期,逐日计数而确定比增长率最大值（μｍａｒ）,发现（μｍａｒ）值出现的时间在各种藻类中不同。同时讨论了每种藻类的（μｍａｒ）与营养物质、光强、温度和起始浓度之间的关系。铜绿微囊藻的（μｍａｒ）在一定的总磷（ＴＰ）浓度范围内随ＴＰ浓度呈上升趋势。根据获得增大率最大值的条件,对它们在浮游植物群落中的生态位作