浙江建德青冈常绿阔叶林凋落量研究

 本文报道了浙江建德青冈常绿阔叶林的凋落量及各类凋落物的凋落特征。 6年的测定结果表明,青冈林的年均凋落量为5547.6kg/(hm2·a),其中枯叶量占68.32%,枯枝、落果、其它凋落物各占14.82%、15.04%和1.82%。各类凋落量具有明显的季节与年际变化规律,其季节分配还具年际波动现象。各类凋落物的凋落特征从一定角度反映了植物群落一般的生物学与生态学特性,以及植物对特殊环境条件的适应性。     

A robust two-gene signature for glioblastoma survival prediction

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor. We explored the prognostic gene signature in 443 GBM samples by systematic bioinformatics analysis, using GSE16011 with microarray expression and corresponding clinical data from Gene Expression Omnibus as the training set. Meanwhile, patients from The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas database (CGGA) were used as the test set and The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) as the validation set. Through Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis, t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding algorithm, clustering, and receiver operating characteristic analysis, a two-gene signature (GRIA2 and RYR3) associated with survival was selected in the GSE16011 dataset. The GRIA2-RYR3 signature divided patients into two risk groups with significantly different survival in the GSE16011 dataset (median: 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64-0.98, vs median: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.65-1.61 years, logrank test P < .001), the CGGA dataset (median: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.70-1.18, vs median: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.95-2.94 years, logrank test P = .0017), and the TCGA dataset (median: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.86-1.24, vs median: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.04-1.85 years, logrank test P = .0064), validating the predictive value of the signature. And the survival predictive potency of the signature was independent from clinicopathological prognostic features in multivariable Cox analysis. We found that after transfection of U87 cells with small interfering RNA, GRIA2 and RYR3 influenced the biological behaviors of proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells. In conclusion, the two-gene signature was a robust prognostic model to predict GBM survival.     

尿激酶胸腔注入治疗结核包囊性胸腔积液

目的寻求治疗结核包囊性胸腔积液的新方法。方法胸膜活检确诊为结核性胸腔积液并经Ｂ超或胸部Ｘ线证实有粘连包囊的病人１５例,经胸腔内注入尿激酶每次１０万单位,用６０ｍｌ生理盐水稀释,每８～１２ｈ重复,连续５次,每次记录抽取胸水总量,并复查Ｂ超观察粘连包囊情况。对照组为单纯用抗结核治疗及间断抽胸水１５例。结果实验组１３例有效,总有效率８６．７％。对照组２例有效,有效率１３．３％,疗效明显优于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论尿激酶胸腔内注入是治疗结核性粘连包囊性胸腔积液的一种安全可靠的新方法。     

秦艽体细胞胚不同发育阶段几种同工酶的特性

以秦艽（ＧｅｎｔｉａｎａｃｒａｓｓｉｃａｕｌｉｓＤｕｔｈｉｅｅｘＢｕｒｋｉｌｌ）无菌苗幼嫩茎叶为外植体,在ＭＳ培养基上诱导出胚性愈伤组织及体细胞胚。本文比较了秦荒体细胞胚发育过程中几种酶的活性及同工酶变化。过氧化物酶与细胞色素氧化酶均在球形胚阶段出现一活性高峰;酯酶同工酶在体细胞胚发育过程中伴有特征带Ｅ＿２、Ｅ＿６的出现;酸性磷酸酯酶的活性与体细胞胚发育程度呈正相关。所以认为只要综合运用这几种同工酶的实验数据,就可以灵敏检测体细胞胚的发育进程。     

A family-based approach to preventing excessive weight gain

Objective: Preventing weight gain in adults and excessive weight gain in children is a high priority. We evaluated the ability of a family‐based program aimed at increasing steps and cereal consumption (for breakfast and snacks) to reduce weight gain in children and adults. Research Methods and Procedures: Families (n = 105) with at least one 8‐ to 12‐year‐old child who was at‐risk‐for‐overweight or overweight (designated as the target child) were recruited for the study. Eighty‐two families were randomly assigned to receive the family‐based intervention and 23 families to the control condition. The 13‐week intervention consisted of specific increases in daily steps (an additional 2000 steps/d) and consumption of 2 servings/d of ready‐to‐eat cereal. Results: The intervention was successful in increasing walking (steps) and cereal consumption. The intervention had positive, significant effects on percentage BMI‐for‐age and percentage body fat for target children and weight, BMI, and percentage body fat for parents. On further analysis, the positive effects of the intervention were seen largely in target girls and moms, rather than in target boys and dads. Discussion: This family‐based weight gain prevention program based on small changes holds promise for reducing excessive weight gain in families and especially in growing overweight children.     

Molecular characterization of avian-like H1N1 swine influenza a viruses isolated in Eastern China, 2011

Currently, three predominant subtypes of influenza virus are prevalent in pig populations worldwide: H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2. European avian-like H1N1 viruses, which were initially detected in European pig populations in 1979, have been circulating in pigs in eastern China since 2007. In this study, six influenza A viruses were isolated from 60 swine lung samples collected from January to April 2011 in eastern China. Based on whole genome sequencing, molecular characteristics of two isolates were determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed the eight genes of the two isolates were closely related to those of the avian-like H1N1 viruses circulating in pig populations, especially similar to those found in China. Four potential glycosylation sites were observed at positions 13, 26, 198, 277 in the HA1 proteins of the two isolates. Due to the presence of a stop codon at codon 12, the isolates contained truncated PB1-F2 proteins. In this study, the isolates contained 591Q, 627E and 701N in the polymerase subunit PB2, which had been shown to be determinants of virulence and host adaptation. The isolates also had a D rather than E at position 92 of the NS1, a marker of mammalian adaptation. Both isolates contained the GPKV motif at the PDZ ligand domain of the 3′ end of the NS1, a characteristic marker of the European avian-like swine viruses since about 1999, which is distinct from those of avian, human and classical swine viruses. The M2 proteins of the isolates have the mutation (S31N), a characteristic marker of the European avian-like swine viruses since about 1987, which may confer resistance to amantadine and rimantadine antivirals. Our findings further emphasize the importance of surveillance on the genetic diversity of influenza A viruses in pigs, and raise more concerns about the occurrence of cross-species transmission events.