秸秆还田方式对东北水稻土理化性质及微生物群落的影响

【目的】研究秸秆还田方式对东北黑土理化性质及微生物群落的影响。【方法】试验周期为2019年12月至2021年10月,秸秆还田采用2种方式： 秸秆直接还田+微生物菌剂WJ(strawdirect return+microbial agent WJ;MD),秸秆堆肥还田+微生物菌剂WJ(straw compost return +microbial agent WJ;MC)。分析土壤肥力、酶活和微生物群落。【结果】分析两种方式土壤有机质(SOM)、腐殖酸(HS)和富里酸有机碳(FA-C)含量,发现秸秆直接还田+微生物菌剂WJ比秸秆堆肥还田+微生物菌剂WJ分别增加2.28g/kg、7.82g/kg和5.26g/kg。土壤铵态氮(NH4⁺-N)、速效磷(AP)略高于秸秆堆肥还田+微生物菌剂WJ,均在6月份达到峰值。胡敏酸有机碳(HA-C)含量下降。此外,土壤脲酶、转化酶、纤维素酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性对比发现,秸秆直接还田+微生物菌剂WJ比秸秆堆肥还田+微生物菌剂WJ分别高8.55%、15.46%、4.35%和6.19%。高通量测序结果显示,秸秆直接还田+微生物菌剂WJ中细菌和真菌的多样性均比秸秆堆肥还田+微生物菌剂WJ丰富。其中Anaerolinea、Bacteroidetes、Pseudomonas为优势细菌,Tausonia、Mrakia、Mrakiella为优势真菌。【结论】秸秆直接还田+微生物菌剂WJ比秸秆堆肥还田+微生物菌剂WJ更有利于土壤有机质、腐殖酸、土壤酶活性和微生物多样性的增加,这说明秸秆添加WJ菌剂直接还田可以减少有机养分的流失,保持田间土壤肥力。     

Menin regulates lipid deposition in mouse hepatocytes via interacting with transcription factor FoxO1

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly being recognized as the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Men1, encoding protein of menin,...     

Role of Extracellular Structures of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Initial Attachment to Biotic and Abiotic Surfaces

Infection by human pathogens through the consumption of fresh, minimally processed produce and solid plant-derived foods is a major concern of the U.S. and global food industries and of public health services. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a frequent and potent foodborne pathogen that causes severe disease in humans. Biofilms formed by E. coli O157:H7 facilitate cross-contamination by sheltering pathogens and protecting them from cleaning and sanitation operations. The objective of this research was to determine the role that several surface structures of E. coli O157:H7 play in adherence to biotic and abiotic surfaces. A set of isogenic deletion mutants lacking major surface structures was generated. The mutant strains were inoculated onto fresh spinach and glass surfaces, and their capability to adhere was assessed by adherence assays and fluorescence microscopy methods. Our results showed that filament-deficient mutants bound to the spinach leaves and glass surfaces less strongly than the wild-type strain did. We mimicked the switch to the external environment—during which bacteria leave the host organism and adapt to lower ambient temperatures of cultivation or food processing—by decreasing the temperature from 37°C to 25°C and 4°C. We concluded that flagella and some other cell surface proteins are important factors in the process of initial attachment and in the establishment of biofilms. A better understanding of the specific roles of these structures in early stages of biofilm formation can help to prevent cross-contaminations and foodborne disease outbreaks.     

LIGHT信号通路在鼠衣原体生殖道感染中的作用

【目的】初步探讨与单纯疱疹病毒糖蛋白D竞争结合疱疹病毒侵入介体的淋巴毒素类似物(lymphotoxin-like inducible protein that competes with glycoprotein D for herpesvirus entry on T cells,LIGHT)在抗衣原体感染免疫及介导衣原体生殖道病理损伤过程的作用。【方法】用1×104IFUs的Mo Pn经生殖道感染野生型(wild type,wt)、LIGHT KO小鼠,每组一半小鼠于感染后49d,再次感染相同剂量的Mo Pn。每隔3-4 d取生殖道分泌物,测定其中衣原体包涵体的数量。初次感染后80d,处死小鼠,眼眶取血,分离血清,用间接免疫荧光法测定其中抗体类型及效价;同时分离生殖道,肉眼观察其输卵管、子宫角水肿程度,然后甲醛固定、切片,H&E染色后,显微镜下观察各组织炎性浸润程度和管腔水肿程度。分离小鼠脾细胞,体外用衣原体EB刺激,测定上清中IL-4、IL-5、IL-17和IFN-γ等细胞因子水平。【结果】LIGHT KO小鼠阴道带菌时间与wt组相当,大部分小鼠均在原发感染后28d左右完全清除感染,且均产生对再次感染的免疫力。LIGHT KO和wt小鼠子宫角和输卵管均出现一定程度的病变,但差异无统计学意义。两组小鼠在原发和继发感染Mo Pn后,均产生高效价的特异性抗Mo Pn Ig G抗体,总抗体及各Ig G抗体亚类效价差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),且Ig G2a/Ig G1比值均大于1。和wt小鼠一样,LIGHT KO小鼠脾淋巴细胞经衣原体再次刺激后均可产生较高水平的IFN-γ和IL-17,且未能检测到IL-4和IL-5。【结论】小鼠抗Mo Pn生殖道感染及Mo Pn引起的生殖道病理损伤不依赖于LIGHT信号通路。     

微生物共培养技术的研究进展

摘要:本文对微生物共培养的发展历史及其在食品、农业、工业及污水净化等方面的应用进行了综述,并对已知的共培养微生物之间的生态学关系进行了总结。人们利用微生物联合共培养、序列共培养和共固定化细胞混菌培养等技术来获得新的代谢产物,提高产量,改造传统发酵工业,生产能源物质,提高底物利用率,扩大底物范围,降解有毒物质。共培养微生物之间可能具有协同代谢作用、诱导作用、种间群体感应、基因转移等多种生态学关系。对共培养微生物之间的微生态机理进行深入系统的研究,有助于充分发挥共培养技术的应用潜力。