Experimental warming shifts coupling of carbon and nitrogen cycles in an alpine meadow

增温对高寒草甸生态系统碳氮循环耦合关系的影响 陆地生态系统碳吸收受土壤氮素可用性的调节。然而,全球变化背景下的不同生态系统组分的碳氮比及其所反映的碳氮循环耦合关系尚不十分清楚。本文运用数据同化的方法,将一个高寒草甸增温试验的14组数据同化到草地生态系统模型中,从而评估了增温如何影响陆地生态系统的碳氮循环耦合关系。研究结果表明,增温提高了土壤氮素的有效性,降低了土壤活性碳库的碳氮比,导致植物对土壤氮的吸收增加。但是由于植物叶片吸收的碳比吸收的氮增加更多,使得叶片中碳氮比增加,而根部的碳输入增加则低于氮的增加,导致根部的碳氮比减少。同时,增温降低了凋落物碳氮比,可能是在土壤高氮有效性的条件下,凋落物氮的固定得到增强;而且增温加速了凋落物的分解。同时增温还增加了慢速土壤有机质的碳氮比,使得该土壤碳库的碳固存潜力增大。由于大多数模型在不同的环境中通常使用相对固定的碳氮比,本研究所发现的气候变暖条件下碳氮比的差异变化可为模型参数化提供一个有效的参考,有利于模型对未来气候变化背景下生态系统碳氮耦合关系响应的预测。     

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌RJW-5-5的分离鉴定及细菌素、抗菌肽基因簇挖掘

[背景]化学防治污染日益严重,作物抗性、农药残留、病害再生现象越来越普遍,因此筛选新型生防菌株及研究其抗菌物质已成为热点.[目的]筛选出一株对禾旋孢腔菌等植物病原菌具有生防功能的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌,挖掘其调控合成细菌素、抗菌肽(RiPPs)的基因簇.[方法]通过分离筛选、对峙培养等方法筛选出菌株,通过全细胞脂肪酸和Biol...     

长三角地区大棚避雨栽培下不同生态适应型葡萄的光合特性

研究了长江三角洲地区大棚避雨覆盖栽培下葡萄光合生理生态特性的变化规律.结果表明,不论是晴天还是阴天,避雨覆盖都显著削弱了大棚内的光合有效辐射（PFD）,但对气温（T_a）、大气水汽压（V_p）和蒸腾速率（T_r）无明显影响.避雨覆盖栽培使美人指与藤稔葡萄品种的叶片厚度分别下降了28.6%和18.4%、比叶鲜重分别下降了13.1%和11.6%、叶片总叶绿素(Chl)含量与表观量子效率（AQY）略有增加,但Chla、Chlb含量及Chla/Chlb比值与对照无显著差异.晴天时,避雨覆盖栽培使美人指和藤稔品种的净光合速率（P_n）日均值分别下降18.7%和13.1％、P_n日积分值分别下降17.2%和11.9％、水分利用效率（WUE）分别下降26%和36.9％、气孔导度（G_s）则分别增加76.8%和100.8%;阴天时,避雨覆盖栽培使美人指和藤稔品种的P_n日均值分别下降48.7%和33.5％、P_n日积分值分别下降34.0%和29.8％、WUE分别下降69.2%和67.7％、G_s分别增加178.0%和85.1%.美人指品种的生理、光合指标的变幅比藤稔品种大,且阴天条件下差异更显著,表明两品种的生态适应性有明显差异.     

A highly sensitive biosensor with (Con A/HRP)n multilayer films based on layer-by-layer technique for the detection of reduced thiols

The bilayer of Con A/HRP through the biospecific affinity of concanavalin A (Con A) and glycoprotein horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was prepared on the surface of an Au electrode modified by the precursor film consisted of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) poly(sodium-p-styrene-sulfonate). Atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were adopted to monitor the uniform layer-by-layer assembly of the Con A/HRP bilayers. The amperometric measurement was based on the inhibition of reduced thiols and performed in the presence of the electron mediator hydroquinone in 0.2 M phosphate buffer of pH 6.5 at an applied potential of −0.15 V versus Ag/AgCl. Under the optimal conditions, the biosensor presented a linear response for cysteine from 0.1 to 23.5 μM, with a detection limit of 0.02 μM. The biosensor demonstrated high stability and repeatability. A series of reduced thiols were detected by this inhibition biosensor and oxidized thiols showed no effect on the current response of the biosensor.     

Effect of surgical castration on expression of TRPM8 in urogenital tract of male rats

Trpm8 (melastatin-related transient receptor potential member 8), a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily, encoding a cation channel named TRPM8, has been shown to be a primary androgen-responsive gene and play an important role in prostate physiology. To investigate the expression feature of TRPM8 in urogenital tract of male rats, and whether TRPM8 was also regulated by androgen receptor in these organs, male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups of 35 animals as follows: sham-operated (SHAM), orchidectomized (ORX), orchidectomized plus DHT treatment (O + D). Organs in urogenital tract, including kidney, prostate, seminal vesicle (SV), testis, epididymis and penis, were collected at different post-castration periods. RT-PCR, real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and trpm8 in these tissue. As a result, AR and trpm8 can be detected in all these organs at mRNA or/and protein level. The mRNA expression of trpm8 in kidney, prostate, SV and penis decreased 24 or 72 h after castration and kept decreasing in a time-dependant manner. However, treatment of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) could reverse the effect of surgical castration. Collectively, our data provide evidence that TRPM8 and AR were expressed generally in urogenital tract of male rats, and in these organs, expression of trpm8 was regulated by serum androgen.     

Assembly and maintenance of nodes of ranvier rely on distinct sources of proteins and targeting mechanisms

We have investigated the source(s) and targeting of components to PNS nodes of Ranvier. We show adhesion molecules are freely diffusible within the axon membrane and accumulate at forming nodes from local sources, whereas ion channels and cytoskeletal components are largely immobile and require transport to the node. We further characterize targeting of NF186, an adhesion molecule that pioneers node formation. NF186 redistributes to nascent nodes from a mobile, surface pool. Its initial accumulation and clearance from the internode require extracellular interactions, whereas targeting to mature nodes, i.e., those flanked by paranodal junctions, requires intracellular interactions. After incorporation into the node, NF186 is immobile, stable, and promotes node integrity. Thus, nodes assemble from two sources: adhesion molecules, which initiate assembly, accumulate by diffusion trapping via interactions with Schwann cells, whereas ion channels and cytoskeletal components accumulate via subsequent transport. In mature nodes, components turnover slowly and are replenished via transport. VIDEO ABSTRACT:     

黑腹果蝇P转座因子研究 Ⅰ.我国黑腹果蝇的P-M测定及其地理分布

采用性腺败育(GD不育)作为标准检定方法。对我国20个地方的黑腹果蝇的P因子活性和细胞型进行了测定。结果表明我国北部沿海城市为Q型;南部沿海和内地皆为M型。各地的M品系所产生的GD不育能力各不相同,但表现出与地理位置相关的梯度变化。这一变化规律为研究我国黑腹果蝇的P因子起源及P和M品系的形成提供了重要的理论依据。