Study on the Adsorption of Cr3+ by Peanut Shell: Adsorption Kinetics,Thermodynamics, and Isotherm Properties

The pollution of heavy metals in soil to the environment is becoming more and more serious, resulting in the reduction of crop production and the occurrence of medical accidents. In order to remove heavy metal ions from soil and reduce the harm of heavy metals to the environment, modified peanut shell was used to adsorb Cr³⁺ in this article. The effects of different adsorption conditions on the adsorption rate and adsorption capacity of Cr³⁺ on ZnCl₂ modified peanut shell were studied, the best adsorption conditions were explored, and the relationship of kinetics, thermodynamics and adsorption isotherm properties of adsorption process were explored. The results showed that the optimum adsorption pH value, dosage, initial concentration, adsorption temperature and contact time of ZnCl₂ modified peanut shell were 2.5, 2.5 g/L, 75 μg/mL, 25 °C and 40 min, respectively. The prepared materials were characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzer. It was concluded that the modified peanut shell had a good adsorption capacity to Cr³⁺. The kinetic study showed that the adsorption process of Cr³⁺ on peanut shell modified by zinc chloride was in accordance with the quasi-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption process belonged to exothermic reaction and belonged to spontaneous reaction process. In summary, it is proved that zinc chloride modified peanut shell can efficiently adsorb Cr³⁺, which can be used for the treatment of heavy metal wastes in industry, which is beneficial to environmental protection and avoid heavy metal pollution.     

肝炎平对D－氨基半乳精所致肝损害保护作用的酶组织化学研究

本实验采用Ｄ－氨基半乳糖（Ｄ－ＧａｌＮ）诱导的大鼠急性肝损伤模型,观察大鼠肝脏组织化学的变化,探讨肝炎平对急性肝损伤的保护作用。实验分为四组,即正常对照组、模型组、肝炎平及肝得健保护组。结果表明：肝炎平对肝细胞膜系统有一定的保护作用。肝炎平组和肝得健组ＳＤＨ、ＣＣＯ及ＣｈＥ活性明显高于模型组,且与正常对照组相近。本实验模型组ＡＣＰ的活性明显高于正常组,而肝炎平组ＡＣＰ的活性明显低于模型组,与正常对照组无显著性差异。提示：肝炎平可显著改善因Ｄ－氨基半乳糖所致肝损害的作用。且其对肝细胞的保护作用与肝得健一致。     

根霉葡萄糖淀粉酶的复性复活动力学研究

本文利用荧光、紫外差光谱研究了根霉葡萄糖淀粉酶在盐酸胍变性后的复性、复活动力学。结果表明,该酶在小于4mol/L盐酸胍中变性是可逆的,其复性过程遵循一级反应方程。酶复活过程是由两个一级反应组成的复合反应,构象变化速度与复活过程中较快的反应速度相差无几,这可能是在Trp及Tyr微区的构象变化基本完成之后,酶活力恢复还没有完成造成的。     

寇氏隐甲藻（Crypthecodinium cohnii）细胞核骨架与中间纤维...

Nuclear matrix (NM) and intermediate filament (IF) scaffold in primitive eukaryote Crypthecodinium cohnii were shown using selective extraction together with embedment-free electron microscopy, whole mount cell preparation and immunoblot techniques. There exists a delicate NM-IF network spreading over cytoplasm and nucleus in dinoflagellate cells, however, nuclear lamina is undeveloped. The diameter of NM fiber is about 3-5 nm and IF is 10 nm. Chromosomes are connected with NM filament network. Immunoblot analysis showed that dinoflagellate contained keratin-like polypeptides (63 kD and 67 kD) while mammalian lamin antibodies did not crossreact with dinoflagellate total protein. Our experiment results demonstrated that a framework similar to NM-IF scaffold in mammalian cell appeared in primitive eukaryote. We propose that: (1) NM-IF scaffold is not restrict to vertebrate cell, and it may be originated from early stages of eukaryote evolution; (2) Keratin is probably very conservative; (3) Compared with IF, lamina might appear late in evolution, and some of primitive characteristics of dinoflagellate nucleus may be related to the lack of lamina.     

The anchoring of newly synthesized adenovirus DNA to the nuclear matrix

After adenovirus infected HeLa cells were pulse labeled and pulse-chase labeled with 3H-thymidine, the nuclear matrix and DNA remaining tightly bound to the matrix were obtained by sequential cell fractionation. Measuring the radioactivity of labeled DNA indicated that newly synthesized viral DNA specifically attach to the nuclear matrix and the amount of binding DNA is in direct proportion to the viral DNA replication activity: then the DNA gradually detach from the matrix and are involved in viral assembly. Electron microscopic autoradiography of the extracted cells showed the virion and viral DNA associated with the nuclear matrix, and thus further confirmed the anchoring of newly synthesized viral DNA to the nuclear matrix.     

Tumour‐derived exosomal miR‐3473b promotes lung tumour cell intrapulmonary colonization by activating the nuclear factor‐κB of local fibroblasts

Tumour‐derived exosomes have been shown to induce pre‐metastatic niche formation, favoring metastatic colonization of tumour cells, but the underlying molecular mechanism is still not fully understood. In this study, we showed that exosomes derived from the LLC cells could indeed significantly enhance their intrapulmonary colonization. Circulating LLC‐derived exosomes were mainly engulfed by lung fibroblasts and led to the NF‐κB signalling activation. Further studies indicated that the exosomal miR‐3473b was responsible for that by hindering the NFKB inhibitor delta's (NFKBID) function. Blocking miR‐3473b could reverse the exosome‐mediated NF‐κB activation of fibroblasts and decrease intrapulmonary colonization of lung tumour cells. Together, this study demonstrated that the miR‐3473b in exosomes could mediate the interaction of lung tumour cells and local fibroblasts in metastatic sites and, therefore, enhance the metastasis of lung tumour cells.     

TIPE1‐mediated autophagy suppression promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation via the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway

Recent studies have shown that tumour necrosis factor‐α–induced protein 8 like‐1(TIPE1) plays distinct roles in different cancers. TIPE1 inhibits tumour proliferation and metastasis in a variety of tumours but acts as an oncogene in cervical cancer. The role of TIPE1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unknown. Interestingly, TIPE1 expression was remarkably increased in NPC tissue samples compared to adjacent normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue samples in our study. TIPE1 expression was positively correlated with that of the proliferation marker Ki67 and negatively correlated with patient lifespan. In vitro, TIPE1 inhibited autophagy and induced cell proliferation in TIPE1‐overexpressing CNE‐1 and CNE‐2Z cells. In addition, knocking down TIPE1 expression promoted autophagy and decreased proliferation, whereas overexpressing TIPE1 increased the levels of pmTOR, pS6 and P62 and decreased the level of pAMPK and the LC3B. Furthermore, the decrease in autophagy was remarkably rescued in TIPE1‐overexpressing CNE‐1 and CNE‐2Z cells treated with the AMPK activator AICAR. In addition, TIPE1 promoted tumour growth in BALB/c nude mice. Taken together, results indicate that TIPE1 promotes NPC progression by inhibiting autophagy and inducing cell proliferation via the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. Thus, TIPE1 could potentially be used as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for NPC.     

Vacancy in Ultrathin 2D Nanomaterials toward Sustainable Energy Application

The unique physicochemical properties of (2D) nanomaterials make them well‐suited for use in sustainable energy applications. Many of these materials can be further improved with vacancy engineering. This review details recent progress in the vacancy engineering of ultrathin 2D nanomaterials. For clarity, it mainly focuses on various ultrathin 2D materials in three categories: X_a&X_aY_b‐, M_aX_b‐, or M_aX_bY_c‐structured materials. Recently developed vacancies in different types of ultrathin 2D materials, as well as their preparation and characterization, are described. Emphasis is placed on the potential electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications of these materials. This review considers the relationship between vacancy properties and material categories of various ultrathin 2D materials in terms of application requirements, preparation, and characterization techniques. The challenges and future outlook of this promising field are summarized.     

Rational Design of Nanocatalysts with Nonmetal Species Modification for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Converting CO₂ to valuable carbonaceous fuels and chemicals via electrochemical CO₂ reduction by using renewable energy sources is considered to be a scalable strategy with substantial environmental and economic benefits. One of the challenges in this field is to develop nanocatalysts with superior electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for targeted products. Nonmetal species modification of nanocatalysts is of great significance for the construction of distinctive active sites to overcome the kinetic limitations of CO₂ reduction. These types of modification enable the efficient control of the selectivity and significantly decrease the reaction overpotential. Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent progress of nonmetal species modification of nanocatalysts for electrochemical CO₂ reduction is presented. After discussing some fundamental parameters and the basic principles of CO₂ reduction, including possible reaction pathways in light of theoretical modeling and experiments, the identification of active sites and elucidation of reaction mechanisms are emphasized for unraveling the role of nonmetal species modification, such as heteroatom incorporation, organic molecule decoration, electrolyte engineering, and single‐atom engineering. In the final section, future challenges and constructive perspectives are provided, facilitating the accelerated advancement of mechanism research and practical applications of green carbon cycling.