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211.
Manon Laporte Valerie Raeymaekers Ria Van Berwaer Julie Vandeput Isabel Marchand-Casas Hendrik-Jan Thibaut Dominique Van Looveren Katleen Martens Markus Hoffmann Piet Maes Stefan Phlmann Lieve Naesens Annelies Stevaert 《PLoS pathogens》2021,17(4)
The high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 is related to abundant replication in the upper airways, which is not observed for the other highly pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. We here reveal features of the coronavirus spike (S) protein, which optimize the virus towards the human respiratory tract. First, the S proteins exhibit an intrinsic temperature preference, corresponding with the temperature of the upper or lower airways. Pseudoviruses bearing the SARS-CoV-2 spike (SARS-2-S) were more infectious when produced at 33°C instead of 37°C, a property shared with the S protein of HCoV-229E, a common cold coronavirus. In contrast, the S proteins of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV favored 37°C, in accordance with virus preference for the lower airways. Next, SARS-2-S-driven entry was efficiently activated by not only TMPRSS2, but also the TMPRSS13 protease, thus broadening the cell tropism of SARS-CoV-2. Both proteases proved relevant in the context of authentic virus replication. TMPRSS13 appeared an effective spike activator for the virulent coronaviruses but not the low pathogenic HCoV-229E virus. Activation of SARS-2-S by these surface proteases requires processing of the S1/S2 cleavage loop, in which both the furin recognition motif and extended loop length proved critical. Conversely, entry of loop deletion mutants is significantly increased in cathepsin-rich cells. Finally, we demonstrate that the D614G mutation increases SARS-CoV-2 stability, particularly at 37°C, and, enhances its use of the cathepsin L pathway. This indicates a link between S protein stability and usage of this alternative route for virus entry. Since these spike properties may promote virus spread, they potentially explain why the spike-G614 variant has replaced the early D614 variant to become globally predominant. Collectively, our findings reveal adaptive mechanisms whereby the coronavirus spike protein is adjusted to match the temperature and protease conditions of the airways, to enhance virus transmission and pathology. 相似文献
212.
Shanshan Li Jessica De La Cruz Steven Hutchens Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay Zachary K. Criss Rohit Aita Oscar Pellon-Cardenas Joseph Hur Patricia Soteropoulos Seema Husain Puneet Dhawan Lieve Verlinden Geert Carmeliet James C. Fleet Noah F. Shroyer Michael P. Verzi Sylvia Christakos 《Molecular and cellular biology》2021,41(1)
213.
The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in Europe and the impact of lifestyle on its natural evolution toward stomach cancer after infection: A systematic review
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214.