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221.
J. K. Stahlhut A. E. Liebert P. T. Starks L. Dapporto J. Jaenike 《Insectes Sociaux》2006,53(3):269-273
The European paper wasp Polistes dominulus has been expanding its North American range since its introduction in the 1970s. We screened P. dominulus from Italy and the northeastern U.S. for the presence of the intracellular reproductive symbiont Wolbachia. Infection rates among females varied from 16% to 87% among U.S. sites and from 33% to 71% in Italy. We also found infected
haploid and diploid males, indicating that this is not a male-killing Wolbachia infection. Our data show that infected individuals from New York, Massachusetts, and Italy carry the same Wolbachia strain, and that some mtDNA haplotypes include both infected and uninfected individuals. We discuss possible implications
of Wolbachia infection in this invasive social hymenopteran.
Received 28 October 2005; revised 25 January 2006; accepted 17 February 2006. 相似文献
222.
Nest Hydrocarbons as Cues for Philopatry in a Paper Wasp 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A. Sumana Aviva E. Liebert Anne S. Berry† Ghislaine T. Switz Colin M. Orians & Philip T. Starks 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2005,111(5):469-477
Philopatric behavior has been demonstrated in a wide taxonomic spread of animals. In temperate environments, overwintered Polistes wasp foundresses often return to their natal nest prior to initiating colony construction. Previous research has shown that these spring foundresses can identify the natal nest in the absence of landmark and gross morphological cues. Hydrocarbons are essential recognition cues for Polistes nest and nestmate discrimination, but cuticular hydrocarbon profiles can become homogenized when foundresses overwinter in mixed colony groups. We examined the hydrocarbon profiles of Polistes dominulus foundresses and nests before and after an overwintering period, and found that the hydrocarbon profiles of nests remain unique over time and that this uniqueness is influenced by the original foundresses. Our data raise the possibility that in returning to the natal nest, foundresses reacquire their colony‐specific signature, which may play a role in the formation of cooperative associations. 相似文献
223.
F. Melzer R. Lohse H. Nieper M. Liebert K. Sachse 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2007,53(2):153-157
A recent outbreak of brucellosis in an outdoor pig herd, where wild boars were identified as the most probable source of infection,
prompted us to conduct a serological study on wild boars from five federal states of Germany. A total of 885 sera were examined
using a combination of screening and confirmatory testing, i.e. indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) followed
by complement fixation and slow agglutination tests. Seroprevalences of Brucella suis antibodies in the various regions were between 0 and 28.5% in the ELISA. After confirmatory testing, the amount of positive
sera was lower and reached only up to 12.1%, dependent on the method. Although wild boars usually harbour B. suis biovar 2, which is less virulent for humans, a zoonotic risk for persons dealing with these animals and their carcasses cannot
be ruled out. 相似文献
224.
Molecular evolution of olfactomedin 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Olfactomedin is a secreted polymeric glycoprotein of unknown function,
originally discovered at the mucociliary surface of the amphibian olfactory
neuroepithelium and subsequently found throughout the mammalian brain. As a
first step toward elucidating the function of olfactomedin, its
phylogenetic history was examined to identify conserved structural motifs.
Such conserved motifs may have functional significance and provide targets
for future mutagenesis studies aimed at establishing the function of this
protein. Previous studies revealed 33% amino acid sequence identity between
rat and frog olfactomedins in their carboxyl terminal segments. Further
analysis, however, reveals more extensive homologies throughout the
molecule. Despite significant sequence divergence, cysteines essential for
homopolymer formation such as the CXC motif near the amino terminus are
conserved, as is the characteristic glycosylation pattern, suggesting that
these posttranslational modifications are essential for function.
Furthermore, evolutionary analysis of a region of 53 amino acids of fish,
frog, rat, mouse, and human olfactomedins indicates that an ancestral
olfactomedin gene arose before the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates and
evolved independently in teleost, amphibian, and mammalian lineages.
Indeed, a distant olfactomedin homolog was identified in Caenorhabditis
elegans. Although the amino acid sequence of this invertebrate protein is
longer and highly divergent compared with its vertebrate homologs, the
protein from C. elegans shows remarkable similarities in terms of conserved
motifs and posttranslational modification sites. Six universally conserved
motifs were identified, and five of these are clustered in the carboxyl
terminal half of the protein. Sequence comparisons indicate that evolution
of the N-terminal half of the molecule involved extensive insertions and
deletions; the C-terminal segment evolved mostly through point mutations,
at least during vertebrate evolution. The widespread occurrence of
olfactomedin among vertebrates and invertebrates underscores the notion
that this protein has a function of universal importance. Furthermore,
extensive modification of its N-terminal half and the acquisition of a
C-terminal SDEL endoplasmic-reticulum- targeting sequence may have enabled
olfactomedin to adopt new functions in the mammalian central nervous
system.
相似文献
225.
The relationship of mercury resistance to the concentration and chemical speciation of mercurial compounds was evaluated for
microbial communities of mercury-polluted and control waters. Methodologies based on the direct viable counting (DVC) method
were adapted to enumerate mercury-resistant communities. Elevated tolerance to Hg(II) was observed for the microbial community
of one mercury-polluted pond as compared to the community of control waters. These results suggest an in situ acclimation
to Hg(II). The results of the methylmercury resistance-DVC assay suggested that minimal acclimation to CH3Hg+ occurred since similar concentrations of CH3HgCl inhibited growth of 50% of organisms in both the control and polluted communities. Analyses of different mercury species
in pond waters suggested that total mercury, but not CH3Hg+ concentrations, approached toxic levels in the polluted ponds. Thus, microbial acclimation was specific to the chemical species
of mercury present in the water at concentrations high enough to cause toxic effects to nonacclimated bacterial communities. 相似文献
226.
Leonardo Dapporto Aviva E. Liebert Philip T. Starks Stefano Turillazzi 《Biochemical Systematics and Ecology》2009,37(4):341-348
Until recently, studies examining the geographical distribution of insects in the Tuscan Archipelago have focused on paleogeography as the primary influence on species distributions. However, for flying insects such as Hymenoptera that may be able to disperse over water, current geographical location is likely to be more important in determining present distributions within the Archipelago. Here we compare mainland and island wasp populations using genetic variation and cuticular hydrocarbon composition of the vespid wasp Polistes dominulus, and species composition of wasps in the family Pompilidae. Both chemical and genetic data result in similar clustering of P. dominulus populations that reflect present geographical location. Moreover, we found current geographical distance to be significantly correlated with P. dominulus population genetic differentiation and Pompilidae faunal composition. These data suggest that dispersal over present sea distances is more important in determining population differentiation and species distribution in the Tuscan Archipelago than paleogeography. 相似文献
227.
228.
The molecular organization of the beta-globin complex of the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Padgett RW; Loeb DD; Snyder LR; Edgell MH; Hutchison CA d 《Molecular biology and evolution》1987,4(1):30-45
Recombinant DNA clones have been isolated that contain 80 kb of the
beta-globin complex from the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus.
Comparisons of this complex with that from the laboratory mouse, Mus
domesticus (with an order 5'-Hbby, Hbb-bhO, Hbb-bhl, Hbb-bh2, Hbb-bh3,
Hbb-bl, Hbb-b2 3') highlight organizational trends in the beta-globin
complex since the two species diverged. Unlike other mammals studied thus
far, the deer mouse possesses three adult genes. Partial sequence analysis
indicates that each of the three adult genes is intact and hence may be
functional. Hybridization of one of the two Mus pseudogenes, Hbb-bh3, to
genomic blots from Peromyscus reveals that it has a homologous counterpart
in Peromyscus. Homologous genes to the two gamma-like Mus genes, Hbb-bhO
and Hbb-bhl, are also found in Peromyscus. The strong hybridization between
the Hbb-bhl genes and significant nucleotide similarity between the Hbb-bhO
genes suggest that both pairs are important for the ontogeny of these mice
although no known product has been identified for the Hbb-bhO genes. The
presence of Hbb-bhO and Hbb-bhl in Peromyscus suggests that the duplication
that created this related gene set occurred before the two lineages
diverged. A single gene for Hbb-y has been isolated from Peromyscus. The
adult region in Peromyscus has undergone significant divergence from the
same region in Mus, having three rather than two adult genes, the
acquisition of at least 15 kb of extra DNA relative to Mus, and possibly
the loss of the Hbb-bh2 pseudogene. The nonadult region of the complex, in
contrast, contains the same set of genes apparently distributed over the
same amount of DNA as in the Mus beta- globin complex. This observation
suggests that the embryonic region of the complex is more evolutionarily
stable than the adult region.
相似文献
229.