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Roberto Esposito Franco Cilli Valentina Pieramico Antonio Ferretti Antonella Macchia Marco Tommasi Aristide Saggino Domenico Ciavardelli Antonietta Manna Riccardo Navarra Filippo Cieri Liborio Stuppia Armando Tartaro Stefano L. Sensi 《PloS one》2013,8(7)
Background
There is growing debate on the use of drugs that promote cognitive enhancement. Amphetamine-like drugs have been employed as cognitive enhancers, but they show important side effects and induce addiction. In this study, we investigated the use of modafinil which appears to have less side effects compared to other amphetamine-like drugs. We analyzed effects on cognitive performances and brain resting state network activity of 26 healthy young subjects.Methodology
A single dose (100 mg) of modafinil was administered in a double-blind and placebo-controlled study. Both groups were tested for neuropsychological performances with the Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices II set (APM) before and three hours after administration of drug or placebo. Resting state functional magnetic resonance (rs-FMRI) was also used, before and after three hours, to investigate changes in the activity of resting state brain networks. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) was employed to evaluate differences in structural connectivity between the two groups. Protocol ID: Modrest_2011; ; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT01684306. NCT01684306Principal Findings
Results indicate that a single dose of modafinil improves cognitive performance as assessed by APM. Rs-fMRI showed that the drug produces a statistically significant increased activation of Frontal Parietal Control (FPC; p<0.04) and Dorsal Attention (DAN; p<0.04) networks. No modifications in structural connectivity were observed.Conclusions and Significance
Overall, our findings support the notion that modafinil has cognitive enhancing properties and provide functional connectivity data to support these effects.Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT01684306. NCT01684306相似文献33.
Donadio E Giusti L Cetani F Da Valle Y Ciregia F Giannaccini G Pardi E Saponaro F Torregrossa L Basolo F Marcocci C Lucacchini A 《Proteome science》2011,9(1):29-10
Background
Proteomic research in the field of parathyroid tissues is limited by the very small dimension of the glands and by the low incidence of cancer lesions (1%). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens are a potentially valuable resource for discovering protein cancer biomarkers. In this study we have verified the applicability of a heat induced protein extraction from FFPE parathyroid adenoma tissues followed by a gel-based or gel-free proteomic approach in order to achieve protein separation and identification.Results
The best results for high quality MS spectra and parameters, were obtained by using a gel-free approach, and up to 163 unique proteins were identified. Similar results were obtained by applying both SDS-out and SDS-out + TCA/Acetone techniques during the gel-free method. Western blot analysis carried out with specific antibodies suggested that the antigenicity was not always preserved, while specific immunoreactions were detected for calmodulin, B box and SPRY domain-containing protein (BSPRY), peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX 6) and parvalbumin.Conclusions
In spite of some limitations mainly due to the extensive formalin-induced covalent cross-linking, our results essentially suggest the applicability of a proteomic approach to FFPE parathyroid specimens. From our point of view, FFPE extracts might be an alternative source, especially in the validation phase of protein biomarkers when a large cohort of samples is required and the low availability of frozen tissues might be constraining. 相似文献34.
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Liborio Stuppia Valentina Gatta Giuseppe Calabrese Paolo Guanciali Franchi Elisena Morizio Cristina Bombieri Rita Mingarelli Vincenzo Sforza Giovanni Frajese Raffaele Tenaglia G. Palka 《Human genetics》1998,102(5):566-570
Cytogenetic investigations and molecular analysis of the Y chromosome by the polymerase chain reaction amplification of sequence-tagged
sites (STS-PCR) technique were performed in 126 patients affected by idiopathic oligo-azoospermia following accurate selection
of cases. Seventeen patients evidenced an abnormal karyotype. Fourteen patients with a normal karyotype had microdeletions
of the Y chromosome within interval 6. In azo-ospermic patients microdeletions were scattered along different subintervals,
while in oligozoospermic patients they were clustered in subinterval 6E. The size of the deletion was not apparently related
to the severity of the disease. These results suggest that cytogenetic analysis and the STS-PCR technique can detect a genetic
cause of infertility in about one-quarter of patients with idiopathic oligo-azoospermia.
Received: 21 October 1997 / Accepted: 4 February 1998 相似文献
37.
L Stuppia C Cinti S Santi R Peila N M Maraldi G Calabrese G Palka A T Sumner 《Génome》1995,38(5):1032-1036
A series of experiments was carried out to determine the most efficient methods for detecting incorporated nucleotides in the "in situ" restriction enzyme - nick translation technique. Different methods were tested on fixed human metaphase chromosomes using confocal microscopy for the demonstration of the patterns produced. Of the various techniques tested, that using DIG-dUTP in conjunction with FITC-labelled anti-DIG appears to show the greatest sensitivity and specificity. The use of biotinylated nucleotides with FITC-avidin gives rather less sensitivity, while direct labelling with fluorescein-dUTP produces results more rapidly with better chromosome morphology but at the cost of reduced sensitivity. Resorufin-labelled dUTP was unusable, because of the low level of fluorescence and its very rapid fading. The successful fluorescence methods are more sensitive and faster than using horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase for detection. 相似文献
38.
Ferdinando Nicoletti Francesco Patti† Daniele Filippo Condorelil† Liborio Rampello† Giovanni Giammona† Rosa-Maria Di Giorgio‡ Pier Luigi Canonico Umberto Scapagnini 《Journal of neurochemistry》1981,37(4):1048-1051
Nigral and striatal GABA contents were assayed in male rats treated chronically with haloperidol or sulpiride, two dopamine-receptor blocking agents that have different neuropharmacological spectra in regard to their biochemical, behavioural, and clinical properties. No great difference was observed between the chronic effects of haloperidol and sulpiride on nigral and striatal GABA content. However, low doses (30 μg/kg, intraperitoneally) of the dopamine-receptor agonist apomorphine, injected 12 h after the discontinuation of chronic haloperidol or chronic sulpiride treatment, induced opposite changes in nigral GABA levels suggesting the existence of a different “status” of the dopamine receptors during the 12 h-period following the withdrawal of haloperidol or sulpiride. 相似文献
39.
Studies during the last 20 years have shown that the chromosomes of many organisms, especially those of higher vertebrates,
consist of a series of segments having different properties. These can be recognized as, for example, G- and R-bands. Recent
studies have indicated that genes tend to lie in the R-bands rather than in the G-bands, although the number of genes that
has been mapped with high precision is, as yet, only a very small proportion of the total, probably much less than 1%. We
have therefore sought to study the distribution of genes on chromosomes using a cytological approach in conjunction with “universal”
markers for genes. Such markers include mRNA and the gene-rich, G + C-rich H3 fraction of DNA, both of which can be localized
using in situ hybridization, and DNase I hypersensitivity, and digestion by restriction enzymes known to show selectivity
for the CpG islands associated with active genes, both of which can be detected using in situ nick translation. We have chosen
to use the approaches involving in situ nick translation and have shown that the patterns of DNase I hypersensitivity and
of CpG islands on human chromosomes show a strict correspondence to R-banding patterns: Deviations from R-banding patterns
reported by previous investigators who have made similar studies appear to be attributable to excessive digestion. On the
other hand, we have not found the expected differentiation between the active and inactive X chromosomes; this may perhaps
be attributable to such factors as the demethylation of some non-island CpGs in the inactive X and the possible alterations
of chromatin structure caused by methanol-acetic-acid fixation affecting DNase I hypersensitivity.
Presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop onGenome Organization and Evolution, Spetsai, Greece, 16–22 September 1992 相似文献
40.
Quintero-Mora ML Londoño-Orozco A Hernández-Hernández F Manzano-Gayosso P López-Martínez R Soto-Zárate CI Carrillo-Miranda L Penieres-Carrillo G García-Tovar CG Cruz-Sánchez TA 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2008,25(1):22-26
Propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees (Apis mellifera) from different trees and bushes. Due to its antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral and antiparasitic properties, it has continued to be very popular throughout the time showing variable activity depending on its geographical origin. In Mexico, information about this product is very limited. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity of four propolis ethanolic extracts from three different Mexican states, and four commercial extracts on Candida albicans growth. A reference strain (ATCC 10231) and 36 clinical isolates of C. albicans were used. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by the dilution on agar method. Growth curves on Sabouraud Dextrose broth with and without different propolis ethanolic extracts concentrations were performed. In addition, whether the effect was fungistatic or fungicide was determined. The propolis ethanolic extract obtained from Cuautitlán Izcalli, State of Mexico, showed the best biological activity, inhibiting 94.4% from the clinical isolates at 0.8 mg/ml; the reference strain was inhibited at 0.6 mg/ml. The propolis effect was fungistatic in low concentrations and fungicide in concentrations higher to MIC. The Mexican propolis ethanolic extract could be further investigated for its alternative use for the treatment of some C. albicans infections. 相似文献