全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5702篇 |
免费 | 495篇 |
国内免费 | 465篇 |
专业分类
6662篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 16篇 |
2023年 | 88篇 |
2022年 | 198篇 |
2021年 | 343篇 |
2020年 | 214篇 |
2019年 | 250篇 |
2018年 | 277篇 |
2017年 | 185篇 |
2016年 | 222篇 |
2015年 | 375篇 |
2014年 | 378篇 |
2013年 | 476篇 |
2012年 | 536篇 |
2011年 | 486篇 |
2010年 | 261篇 |
2009年 | 259篇 |
2008年 | 290篇 |
2007年 | 259篇 |
2006年 | 195篇 |
2005年 | 183篇 |
2004年 | 140篇 |
2003年 | 139篇 |
2002年 | 110篇 |
2001年 | 122篇 |
2000年 | 86篇 |
1999年 | 111篇 |
1998年 | 60篇 |
1997年 | 47篇 |
1996年 | 38篇 |
1995年 | 42篇 |
1994年 | 35篇 |
1993年 | 27篇 |
1992年 | 40篇 |
1991年 | 25篇 |
1990年 | 24篇 |
1989年 | 25篇 |
1988年 | 19篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 19篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有6662条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
应用人X染色体α卫星DNA探针进行X染色体正常或异常个体的外周血淋巴细胞染色体和间期核的原位杂交,在R显带的中期分裂相上,绝大部分杂交颂粒位于X染色体着丝粒区(p11→q11);在间期核内则显现与X染色体数相一致的银颗粒簇,其中相当部分位于核边缘区。实验结果表明,用原位杂交来检测X染色体数目,比记数Barr小体的方法可靠。本文还就α卫星DNA探针在间期细胞遗传学方面广泛的应用做了讨论。 相似文献
22.
23.
Qiu Y Patwa TH Xu L Shedden K Misek DE Tuck M Jin G Ruffin MT Turgeon DK Synal S Bresalier R Marcon N Brenner DE Lubman DM 《Journal of proteome research》2008,7(4):1693-1703
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major worldwide cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality largely due to the insidious onset of the disease. The current clinical procedures utilized for disease diagnosis are invasive, unpleasant, and inconvenient; hence, the need for simple blood tests that could be used for the early detection of CRC. In this work, we have developed methods for glycoproteomics analysis to identify plasma markers with utility to assist in the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). Following immunodepletion of the most abundant plasma proteins, the plasma N -linked glycoproteins were enriched using lectin affinity chromatography and subsequently further separated by nonporous silica reversed-phase (NPS-RP)-HPLC. Individual RP-HPLC fractions were printed on nitrocellulose coated slides which were then probed with lectins to determine glycan patterns in plasma samples from 9 normal, 5 adenoma, and 6 colorectal cancer patients. Statistical tools, including principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, and Z-statistics analysis, were employed to identify distinctive glycosylation patterns. Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer or adenomas were shown to have dramatically higher levels of sialylation and fucosylation as compared to normal controls. Plasma glycoproteins with aberrant glycosylation were identified by nano-LC-MS/MS, while a lectin blotting methodology was used to validate proteins with significantly altered glycosylation as a function of cancer progression. The potential markers identified in this study for diagnosis to distinguish colorectal cancer from adenoma and normal include elevated sialylation and fucosylation in complement C3, histidine-rich glycoprotein, and kininogen-1. These potential markers of colorectal cancer were subsequently validated by lectin blotting in an independent set of plasma samples obtained from 10 CRC patients, 10 patients with adenomas, and 10 normal subjects. These results demonstrate the utility of this strategy for the identification of N -linked glycan patterns as potential markers of CRC in human plasma, and may have the utility to distinguish different disease states. 相似文献
24.
The cytopathic effects induced during parvovirus infection have been widely documented. Parvovirus infection-induced cell death is often directly associated with disease outcomes (e.g., anemia resulting from loss of erythroid progenitors during parvovirus B19 infection). Apoptosis is the major form of cell death induced by parvovirus infection. However, nonapoptotic cell death, namely necrosis, has also been reported during infection of the minute virus of mice, parvovirus H-1 and bovine parvovirus. Recent studies have revealed multiple mechanisms underlying the cell death during parvovirus infection. These mechanisms vary in different parvoviruses, although the large nonstructural protein (NS)1 and the small NS proteins (e.g., the 11 kDa of parvovirus B19), as well as replication of the viral genome, are responsible for causing infection-induced cell death. Cell cycle arrest is also common, and contributes to the cytopathic effects induced during parvovirus infection. While viral NS proteins have been indicated to induce cell cycle arrest, increasing evidence suggests that a cellular DNA damage response triggered by an invading single-stranded parvoviral genome is the major inducer of cell cycle arrest in parvovirus-infected cells. Apparently, in response to infection, cell death and cell cycle arrest of parvovirus-infected cells are beneficial to the viral cell lifecycle (e.g., viral DNA replication and virus egress). In this article, we will discuss recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying parvovirus infection-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 相似文献
25.
Yang X Zhang Z Jia S Liu Y Wang X Yan Q 《The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology》2007,39(9):1722-1730
Fucosyltransferase IV is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of fucosylated oligosaccharides by transferring GDP-fucose to the terminal N-acetylglucosamine with the alpha1,3-linkage. Lewis Y oligosaccharide has a terminal alpha1,3-linked fucose residue and elevation of Lewis Y level is seen in many epithelial cancers. The mechanism of Lewis Y elevation in neoplastic cells is still largely unknown. To study the impact of fucosyltransferase IV on Lewis Y expression and its role on neoplastic cell proliferation, a pEGFP-N1-FUT4 recombinant plasmid was developed and stably transfected into A431 cells. We found that fucosyltransferase IV overexpression promoted cell proliferation and increased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen that correlated with Lewis Y augmentation. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that fucosyltransferase IV overexpression facilitated cell cycle progression. In conclusion, fucosyltransferase IV overexpression augments Lewis Y expression to trigger neoplastic cell proliferation. These studies suggest that fucosyltransferase IV may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of Lewis Y-positive epithelial cancers. 相似文献
26.
Dongchao Xu Ajuan Liu Xuan Wang Ming Zhang Zunyi Zhang Zhou Tan Mengsheng Qiu 《Developmental neurobiology》2018,78(1):39-50
Accurate quantification of gene expression is fundamental for understanding the molecular, genetic and functional bases of tissue development and diseases. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) is now the most widely used method of quantifying gene expression due to its simplicity, specificity, sensitivity, and wide quantification range. The use of appropriate reference genes to ensure accurate normalization is crucial for the correct quantification of gene expression from the early development, maturation, aging to injury processes in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we have determined the expression profiles of 12 candidate housekeeping genes (ACTB, CYC1, HMBS, GAPDH, HPRT1, RPL13A, YWHAZ, PPIA, RPLP0, TFRC, GUS, and 18S rRNA) in developing mouse brain and spinal cord. Throughout development, there was a significant degree of fluctuations in their expression levels, indicating the importance and complexity of finding appropriate reference genes. Three software including BestKeeper, geNorm and NormFinder were used to evaluate the stability of potential reference genes. GUS was the most stable gene and GUS/YWHAZ were the most stable reference gene pair across different developmental stages in different CNS regions, whereas HPRT1 and GAPDH were the most variable genes and thus inappropriate to use as reference genes. Therefore, our results identified GUS and YWHAZ as the best combination of two reference genes for expression data normalization in CNS developmental studies. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 39–50, 2018 相似文献
27.
28.
作者编写《广东植物志》旋花科时,对据本科的花粉形态特征划分族和属的意义予肯定并采用之;现将其中4个属、6个分类单位的分类或其分布等予于报道.对华南和北越的心萼薯属植物作修订;论证本地区不产AniseiaChoisy.被认为该属的狭花心萼薯A.stenantho和大花心萼薯A.stenanthavar.macrosrephana均是龙骨萼牵牛Ipomoeaatenantha;心萼薯Aniseiabiflora是毛牵牛Aniseiasinensis;云南土丁桂Evolvulusyunnanensis作新异名处理.应为我国新纪录的归化种(美洲土丁桂E.nummularius);裂叶鳞蕊藤Lepistemonlobatum为越南新纪录.也分布于我国江西、海南;海滩牵牛Ipomoeostolonifera这个开白花的海滩植物是一种中草药;虎脚牵牛Ipomoeapes-tigridis是亚洲和非洲东部热带的广布种,广东大陆西部也有;它是IpomoeaLinn.选模式种;这属的中名,本文恢复《广州植物志》(1956)等采用的牵牛属,会比较确切用“番薯属”为这个属的中名。 相似文献
29.
Joseph T. Hicks Kimberly Edwards Xueting Qiu Do-Kyun Kim James E. Hixson Scott Krauss Richard J. Webby Robert G. Webster Justin Bahl 《PLoS pathogens》2022,18(4)
Wild birds can carry avian influenza viruses (AIV), including those with pandemic or panzootic potential, long distances. Even though AIV has a broad host range, few studies account for host diversity when estimating AIV spread. We analyzed AIV genomic sequences from North American wild birds, including 303 newly sequenced isolates, to estimate interspecies and geographic viral transition patterns among multiple co-circulating subtypes. Our results show high transition rates within Anseriformes and Charadriiformes, but limited transitions between these orders. Patterns of transition between species were positively associated with breeding habitat range overlap, and negatively associated with host genetic distance. Distance between regions (negative correlation) and summer temperature at origin (positive correlation) were strong predictors of transition between locations. Taken together, this study demonstrates that host diversity and ecology can determine evolutionary processes that underlie AIV natural history and spread. Understanding these processes can provide important insights for effective control of AIV. 相似文献
30.