青海湖裸鲤体腔寄生蠕虫群落研究

青海湖裸鲤体腔为三种寄生蠕虫寄生,即裂头绦虫裂头蚴,舌状绦虫裂头蚴和对盲囊缄虫的三期幼虫,这几种蠕虫不同大小的青海湖裸鲤中数量差异很大,将其看作一个组分群落,并根据其发生数量进行模糊聚类和极点排序,结果将其分为二个亚组分群落,即体长小于１５０ｍｍ的青海湖裸鲤体腔蠕虫亚组分群落和体长大于１５０ｍｍ的个体的体腔蠕虫亚组分群落。这与宿主的行为和食性改变有密切关系,舌状绦虫与另两种蠕虫间有显著负协调关系。     

浙江西门岛海洋特别保护区大型底栖动物功能群特征及其与环境的关系

为研究浙江西门岛海洋特别保护区大型底栖动物功能群的变化规律及其与环境因子的关系,作者分别于2010年4月(春季)、11月(秋季),2011年8月(夏季)和2012年2月(冬季)进行了4个航次的大型底栖动物调查,共鉴定出大型底栖动物78种,根据其食性类型划分为浮游生物食者、植食者、肉食者、杂食者、碎屑食者5种功能群.各功能群平均密度从高到低依次为浮游生物食者＞肉食者＞植食者＞碎屑食者＞杂食者,平均生物量从高到低依次为浮游生物食者＞碎屑食者＞肉食者＞杂食者＞植食者.单因素方差分析结果表明,大型底栖动物各功能群的密度和生物量季节间均无显著性差异.典范对应分析结果表明,影响大型底栖动物功能群的主要环境因子包括温度、溶解氧、溶解态无机磷和表层沉积物的中值粒径,排序轴对功能群-环境关系的贡献率计算结果表明环境变量可以较好地解释功能群的变化情况.     

基于23S／5SrDNA序列的柑橘黄龙病病原菌亚洲种系统发育研究

根据柑橘黄龙病亚洲种23S/5S的DNA序列设计一对引物对不同地理来源的6个柑橘黄龙病样品DNA进行扩增,扩增片段大小均为1 654 bp包括一个假定细胞壁水解酶假基因(putative cell wall hydrolase pseudogene)和5S rRNA 基因.序列同源性分析结果表明;6个柑橘黄龙病病原菌样品与柑橘黄龙病病原菌亚洲种Sihui样品的同源性为99%,然而与土壤杆菌,布鲁氏菌,根瘤菌,中华根瘤菌,巴通体菌和中慢生根瘤菌的同源性只有89%～95%,说明在23S/5S rDNA序列上黄龙病病原菌亚洲种与α变形菌纲根瘤菌目的其他病原菌相差较大.对黄龙病病原菌亚洲种种内的23S/5S rDNA序列进行比较分析,结果发现黄龙病病原菌亚洲种种内之间putative cell wall hydrolase pseudogene和5S rRNA的基因序列非常保守,但不同地理来源的柑橘黄龙病样品碱基序列间确实存在差异,差异的大小与地理的远近无关.利用简约法对黄龙病病原菌亚洲种及α变形菌纲其它病原菌的23S/5S rDNA序列构建的系统发育树显示黄龙病病原菌亚洲种单独聚为一类,其他细菌聚为另一类,该结果与基于rplJ基因及16S rRNA基因的DNA序列构建的分子系统进化树结果一致.     

Synthesis and Activity Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Inhibitors Based on 6‐(Pyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐indazole

Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common head and neck malignancy with high incidence in Southeast Asia and Southern China. It is necessary to develop safe, effective and inexpensive anticancer agents to improve the therapeutics of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A series of small molecular compounds based on 6‐(pyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐indazole were synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activities against human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines SUNE1. Compounds 6b , 6c , 6e and 6l showed potent antiproliferative activities similar to positive control drug cisplatin in vitro with lower nephrotoxicity than it. N‐[4‐(1H‐Indazol‐6‐yl)pyrimidin‐2‐yl]benzene‐1,3‐diamine ( 6l ) was selected for further study. It was found that 6l induced mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis and G₂/M phase arrest in SUNE1 cells. Furthermore, compound 6l at 10 mg/kg can suppress the growth of an implanted SUNE1 xenograft with a TGI% (tumor growth inhibition) value of 50 % and did not cause serious side effects in BALB/c nude mice. This study suggests that 6‐(pyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐indazole derivatives are a series of small molecule compounds with anti‐nasopharyngeal carcinoma activities.     

Nicotinate-Curcumin Impedes Foam Cell Formation from THP-1 Cells through Restoring Autophagy Flux

Our previous studies have indicated that a novel curcumin derivate nicotinate-curcumin (NC) has beneficial effects on the prevention of atherosclerosis, but the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. Given that autophagy regulates lipid metabolism, the present study was designed to investigate whether NC decreases foam cell formation through restoring autophagy flux in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated THP-1 cells. Our results showed that ox-LDL (100 μg/ml) was accumulated in THP-1 cells and impaired autophagy flux. Ox-LDL-induced impairment of autophagy was enhanced by treatment with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) and rescued by the autophagy inducer rapamycin. The aggregation of ox-LDL was increased by CQ, but decreased by rapamycin. In addition, colocalization of lipid droplets with LC3-II was remarkably reduced in ox-LDL group. In contrast, NC (10 μM) rescued the impaired autophagy flux by significantly increasing level of LC3-II, the number of autophagolysosomes, and the degradation of p62 in ox-LDL-treated THP-1 cells. Inhibition of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling was required for NC-rescued autophagy flux. Notably, our results showed that NC remarkably promoted the colocalization of lipid droplets with autophagolysosomes, increased efflux of cholesterol, and reduced ox-LDL accumulation in THP-1 cells. However, treatment with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or CQ reduced the protective effects of NC on lipid accumulation. Collectively, the findings suggest that NC decreases lipid accumulation in THP-1 cells through restoring autophagy flux, and further implicate that NC may be a potential therapeutic reagent to reverse atherosclerosis.     

2000年间野生稻和栽培稻(O.sativa.L)分布区逆向分离的过程及动力Ⅰ.古今野生稻和栽培稻(O.sativa.L)的分布与人口分布的关系

２０００ａ间,中国境内野生稻分布区域由２４９５５７５ｋｍ２缩减至１３７１０９４ｋｍ２,减少了４５．０６％;分布纬度北界由３８°３′Ｎ南移至２８°１４′Ｎ,南移９°４９′、１１４０ｋｍ;中国境内栽培稻分布区域由４０８１８６０ｋｍ２增加至９６０００００ｋｍ２,增加了１３５．００％;分布北界由３８°Ｎ北移至５３°２９′Ｎ,北移１５°２９′、１７００ｋｍ。人口分布重心主要在黄河流域和长江流域,对该区域野生稻的生存产生不利影响。而促进栽培稻的发展,必须建立野生稻自然保护区。     

Disentangling the effects of isolation-by-distance and isolation-by-environment on genetic differentiation among <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhododendron</Emphasis> lineages in the subgenus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tsutsusi</Emphasis>

Ecological speciation has long been noted as a central topic in the field of evolutionary biology, and investigation into the relative importance of ecological and geographical factors is becoming increasingly emphasized. We surveyed genetic variation of 277 samples from 25 populations of nine Rhododendron species within Tsutsusi subgenus in Taiwan using simple sequence repeats of expressed sequence tags. Bayesian clustering revealed four genetic lineages: (1) the Rhododendron simsii, Rhododendron kanehirai, and Rhododendron nakaharae lineage (lineage 1); (2) the Rhododendron longiperulatum, Rhododendron breviperulatum, and Rhododendron noriakianum lineage (lineage 2); (3) the Rhododendron rubropilosum lineage (lineage 3); and (4) the Rhododendron oldhamii lineage (lineage 4). Asymmetric introgressions were found from lineage 3 into lineages 1 and 2 (introgressed lineages). Genetic admixture of non-R. oldhamii species was also revealed by a neighbor-joining tree. Variation partitioning showed that environment explained much larger portions of genetic variation than geography between non-introgressed lineages (i.e., between R. oldhamii and other lineages). However, the Mantel and partial Mantel tests and the multiple matrix regression with randomization found that isolation-by-distance played a more important role than isolation-by-environment (IBE) in contributing to genetic variation in most between lineage comparisons. Nevertheless, strong IBE was found when compared between non-introgressed lineages of R. oldhamii and R. rubropilosum, suggesting post-speciation ecological divergence. Several environmental variables, including annual mean temperature, aspect, isothermality, seasonal precipitation, slope, and soil pH, could be important ecological drivers involved in reproductive isolation between R. oldhamii and non-R. oldhamii species within the Tsutsusi subgenus.     

Spectroscopic characterization and molecular weight distribution of dissolved organic matter in sediment porewaters from Lake Erhai, Southwest China

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sediment porewaters from Lake Erhai, Southwest China was investigated using dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, UV absorbance, fluorescence and molecular weight distribution. DOC exhibited a high concentration at the sediment–water interface with a rapid decrease to the oxic–anoxic interface at approximately 7 cm, and then increased with depth. Similar trends were also found for the UV absorption coefficients at 254 and 280 nm in the porewaters. DNA in the sediment was also measured, which confirmed the high abundance of aerobic bacteria in the upper layer of the sediment. Both humic-like (peaks A and C) and protein-like (peaks B and D) fluorescence were observed in the porewater DOM, and their fluorescence intensities exhibited a similar porewater profile as DOC concentration. A strong correlation was found between the peak fluorescence intensity ratio r(A, C) and r(D, B). Both the fluorescence index and UV absorption coefficient at 254 nm suggested a dramatic increase in aromaticity of porewater DOM across the oxic–anoxic interface. Porewater DOM exhibited a multimodal distribution of molecular weight with a relatively low polydispersity. The results of this study offer significant insight into the nature and properties of DOM in freshwater ecosystems.     

高质量甘蔗基因组DNA的简便快速提取方法研究

甘蔗是世界上重要的糖料作物和能源作物。目前,甘蔗分子生物学研究已成为甘蔗研究的热点之一。基因组DNA的提取是进行甘蔗分子生物学研究的基础。本研究设计含一系列SDS浓度的提取液,同时设加液氮和不加液氮研磨的对比试验,提取甘蔗不同部位叶片的基因组DNA并进行产量和纯度检测以及分子生物学分析。结果表明,所有提取液提取的甘蔗基因组DNA纯度均很高,A260/A280在1.8-2.0之间,A260/A230大于2,但提取液I(0.75%SDS)提取的甘蔗基因组DNA产量较低;加液氮与否对甘蔗基因组DNA的提取产量和纯度没有影响;以提取的甘蔗基因组DNA为模板,分别用一对扩增SPS(蔗糖磷酸合成酶)基因部分片段的引物和一对ISSR引物进行PCR扩增,所有DNA均能扩增出预期的条带;用不同的限制性内切酶对所提取的甘蔗基因组DNA进行酶切,所有DNA样品均能完全酶切。本研究得出最佳甘蔗基因组DNA提取方法如下:磨碎甘蔗叶片后,加DNA提取液(SDS:1.5%;Tris:100 mM;EDTA:20 mM;NaCl:500 mM)于65℃裂解30 min,经酚∶氯仿和氯仿各抽提一次,可获得高产量高质量的甘蔗基因组DNA,能满足后续分子生物学研究的要求。