中国竹类二新种及某些种类花的补充描述

本文记载了中国西南牡竹属二新种,席竹ＤｅｎｄｒｏｃａｌａｍｕｓｅｘｉｌｉｓＸｉａｅｔＣｈｉａ,钓鱼竹ＤｅｎｄｒｏｃａｌａｍｕｓｇｕｉｙａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＸｉａｅｔＣｉａ,并对妈竹ＢａｍｂｕｓａｂｏｎｉｏｐｓｉｓＭｃＣｌ．、大眼竹Ｂ．ｅｕｔｕｌｄｏｉｄｅｓＭｃＣｌ．、撑篙竹Ｂ．ｐｅｒｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓＭｃＣｌ．、紫秆竹Ｂ．ｔｅｘｔｉｌｉｓＭｃＣｌ．ｃｖ．Ｐｕｒｐｕｒａｓｃｅｎｓ和佛肚竹Ｂ．ｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｏｓａＭｃＣｌ．的花作了补充描述．     

Evaluation of the biocompatibile ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphite pretreatment of corn cob for improved saccharification

Ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment of lignocellulose materials is a promising process in biomass conversion to renewable biofuel. More in-depth research involving environment-friendly IL is much needed to explore pretreatment green route. In our case, IL 1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphite ([Mmim]DMP) was chosen as an environment-friendly solvent to pretreat corn cob in view of its biocompatibility with both lignocellulose solubility and cellulase activity. The pretreatment/saccharification process and in situ saccharification process involving [Mmim]DMP were efficiently performed in bioconversion of corn cob to sugars, and more than 70% saccharification rates were obtained. Furthermore, the fermentability of reducing sugars obtained from the hydrolyzates was evaluated using Rhodococcus opacus strain ACCC41043 (R. opacus). High lipid production 41–43% of cell dry matter was obtained after 30 h of cultivation. GC/MS analysis indicated that lipids from R. opacus contained mainly long-chain fatty acids with four major constituent/oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid which are good candidates for biodiesel. These elucidated that corn cob pretreated by IL [Mmim]DMP did not bring negative effects on saccharification, cell growth, and accumulation of lipid of R. opacus. In conclusion, the IL [Mmim]DMP shows promise as green pretreatment solvent for cellulosic materials.     

Mobile genetic elements mediate the mixotrophic evolution of novel Alicyclobacillus species for acid mine drainage adaptation

Alicyclobacillus species inhabit diverse environments and have adapted to broad ranges of pH and temperature. However, their adaptive evolutions remain elusive, especially regarding the role of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Here, we characterized the distributions and functions of MGEs in Alicyclobacillus species across five environments, including acid mine drainage (AMD), beverages, hot springs, sediments, and soils. Nine Alicyclobacillus strains were isolated from AMD and possessed larger genome sizes and more genes than those from other environments. Four AMD strains evolved to be mixotrophic and fell into distinctive clusters in phylogenetic tree. Four types of MGEs including genomic island (GI), insertion sequence (IS), prophage, and integrative and conjugative element (ICE) were widely distributed in Alicyclobacillus species. Further, AMD strains did not possess CRISPR-Cas systems, but had more GI, IS, and ICE, as well as more MGE-associated genes involved in the oxidation of iron and sulfide and the resistance of heavy metal and low temperature. These findings highlight the differences in phenotypes and genotypes between strains isolated from AMD and other environments and the important role of MGEs in rapid environment niche expansions.     

Natural and engineered polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase: key enzyme in biopolyester production

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - With the finite supply of petroleum and increasing concern with environmental issues associated with their harvest and processing, the development of more...