<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rubellimicrobium roseum</Emphasis> sp. nov., a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from the forest soil sample

A novel pink-coloured, non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative bacterium, designated YIM 48858^T, is described by using a polyphasic approach. The strain can grow at pH 6.5–9 (optimum at pH 7) and 25–30°C (optimum at 28°C). NaCl is not required for its growth. Positive for oxidase and catalase. Urease activity, nitrate reduction, starch and Tween 80 tests are negative reaction. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies showed that strain YIM 48858^T is a member of the genus Rubellimicrobium, with similarities of 96.3, 95.7 and 95.5% to Rubellimicrobium mesophilum MSL-20^T, Rubellimicrobium aerolatum 5715S-9^T and Rubellimicrobium thermophilum DSM 16684^T, respectively. Q-10 was the predominant respiratory ubiquinone as in the other members of the genus Rubellimicrobium. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphoglycolipid, glycolipid and the major fatty acids were C18:1 ω7c, C16:0 and C10:0 3-OH, which are very different from the valid published species. The DNA G + C content was 67.7 mol%. Both phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic evidence supports that YIM 48858^T is a novel species of the genus Rubellimicrobium, for which the name Rubellimicrobium roseum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 48858^T (=CCTCC AA 208029^T =KCTC 23202^T).     

The regulation of necroptosis by ubiquitylation

Necroptosis is a programmed necrosis that is mediated by receptor-interacting protein kinases RIPK1, RIPK3 and the mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein, MLKL. Necroptosis must be strictly regulated to maintain normal tissue homeostasis, and dysregulation of necroptosis leads to the development of various inflammatory, infectious, and degenerative diseases. Ubiquitylation is a widespread post-translational modification that is essential for balancing numerous physiological processes. Over the past decade, considerable progress has been made in the understanding of the role of ubiquitylation in regulating necroptosis. Here, we will discuss the regulatory functions of ubiquitylation in necroptosis signaling pathway. An enhanced understanding of the ubiquitylation enzymes and regulatory proteins in necroptotic signaling pathway will be exploited for the development of new therapeutic strategies for necroptosis-related diseases.

     

海南红厚壳花香气成分采集和TCT-GC-MS分析

用鲜花循环式动态顶空技术采集红厚壳鲜花的香气成分,TCT-GC-MS联用技术分析鉴定。4-羟基-2-丁酮,双烯酮,1、2-环氧-2-甲基丁烷,1、2-环氧-3-甲基丁烷,2-乙基戊烷,3-己醇,甲基环戊烷,2-丁醇等24个成分被检测出,占总离子流出峰面积的90.28%。并对结果进行了分析讨论。     

iQPR法处理水对SD鼠生物安全性的研究

iQPR技术处理污水是一项新型尖端的技术,此技术可以成功降低污水乃至受到污染的地下水中的各种污染指标。但是,iQPR技术处理污水尤其是地下水是否存在潜在的生物安全性问题有待于进一步研究。因此,为评估iQPR技术对生物安全性的影响,本研究首先分析了三种不同iQPR法处理水的水质成分;其次系统研究了iQPR水对SD鼠在个体水平、组织水平和病理形态学损伤的研究。研究表明:iQPR处理的水质成分较对照组普通饮用水好,在个体组织水平检测未见异常,尽管其中一组iQPR处理水造成了SD鼠的脾小体增大,但是可能的原因是水处理环节存在微生物污染现象,因此,初步认定此技术未造成SD大鼠的个体损伤。本研究为揭示iQPR处理的水对生物体的安全性评价提供一个理论依据。     

A combined A431 cell membrane chromatography and online high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for screening compounds from total alkaloid of Radix Caulophylli acting on the human EGFR

We have developed an online analytical method that combines A431 cell membrane chromatography (A431/CMC) with high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/MS) for identifying active components from Radix Caulophylli acting on human EGFR. Retention fractions on A431/CMC model were captured onto an enrichment column and the components were directly analyzed by combining a 10-port column switcher with an LC/MS system for separation and preliminary identification. Using Sorafenib tosylate as a positive control, taspine and caulophine from Radix Caulophylli were identified as the active molecules which could act on the EGFR. This A431/CMC-online-LC/MS method can be applied for screening active components acting on EGFR from traditional Chinese medicines exemplified by Radix Caulophylli and will be of great utility in drug discovery using natural medicinal herbs as a source of novel compounds.     

Nitric oxide inhibits larval settlement in Amphibalanus amphitrite cyprids by repressing muscle locomotion and molting

Nitric oxide (NO) is a universal signaling molecule and plays a negative role in the metamorphosis of many biphasic organisms. Recently, the NO/cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate) signaling pathway was reported to repress larval settlement in the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite. To understand the underlying molecular mechanism, we analyzed changes in the proteome of A. amphitrite cyprids in response to different concentrations of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 62.5, 250, and 1000 μM) using a label‐free proteomics method. Compared with the control, the expression of 106 proteins differed in all three treatments. These differentially expressed proteins were assigned to 13 pathways based on KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. SNP treatment stimulated the expression of heat shock proteins and arginine kinase, which are functionally related to NO synthases, increased the expression levels of glutathione transferases for detoxification, and activated the iron‐mediated fatty acid degradation pathway and the citrate cycle through ferritin. Moreover, NO repressed the level of myosins and cuticular proteins, which indicated that NO might inhibit larval settlement in A. amphitrite by modulating the process of muscle locomotion and molting.     

Demographic trade-offs determine species abundance and diversity

Aims Much recent theory has focused on the role of neutral processes in assembling communities, but the basic assumption that all species are demographically identical has found little empirical support. Here, we show that the framework of the current neutral theory can easily be generalized to incorporate species differences so long as fitness equivalence among individuals is maintained through trade-offs between birth and death.Methods Our theory development is based on a careful reformulation of the Moran model of metacommunity dynamics in terms of a non-linear one-step stochastic process, which is described by a master equation.Important findings We demonstrate how fitness equalization through demographic trade-offs can generate significant macroecological diversity patterns, leading to a very different interpretation of the relation between Fisher's α and Hubbell's fundamental biodiversity number. Our model shows that equal fitness (not equal demographics) significantly promotes species diversity through strong selective sieving of community membership against high-mortality species, resulting in a positive association between species abundance and per capita death rate. An important implication of demographic trade-off is that it can partly explain the excessively high speciation rates predicted by the neutral theory of the stronger symmetry. Fitness equalization through demographic trade-offs generalizes neutral theory by considering heterospecific demographic difference, thus representing a significant step toward integrating the neutral and niche paradigms of biodiversity.     

NADPH oxidase-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species: A new mechanism for X-ray-induced HeLa cell death

Oxidative damage is an important mechanism in X-ray-induced cell death. Radiolysis of water molecules is a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to X-ray-induced cell death. In this study, we showed by ROS detection and a cell survival assay that NADPH oxidase has a very important role in X-ray-induced cell death. Under X-ray irradiation, the upregulation of the expression of NADPH oxidase membrane subunit gp91^phox was dose-dependent. Meanwhile, the cytoplasmic subunit p47^phox was translocated to the cell membrane and localized with p22^phox and gp91^phox to form reactive NADPH oxidase. Our data suggest, for the first time, that NADPH oxidase-mediated generation of ROS is an important contributor to X-ray-induced cell death. This suggests a new target for combined gene transfer and radiotherapy.