An efficient,widely applicable cryopreservation of Lilium shoot tips by droplet vitrification

We report a straightforward and widely applicable cryopreservation method for Lilium shoot tips. This method uses adventitious shoots that were induced from leaf segments cultured for 4 weeks on a shoot regeneration medium containing 1 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.5 mg/l thidiazuron. Shoot tips (1.5–2 mm in length) including 2–3 leaf primordia were precultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS; 1962) medium with 0.5 M sucrose for 1 day and then treated with a loading solution containing 0.4 M sucrose and 2 M glycerol for 20 min, followed by a Plant Vitrification Solution 2 (PVS2) treatment for 4 h at 0 °C. Dehydrated shoot tips were transferred onto 2.5 µl PVS2 droplets on aluminum foil strips, prior to a direct immersion into liquid nitrogen for 1 h. Frozen shoot tips were re-warmed in MS medium containing 1.2 M sucrose for 20 min at room temperature, followed by post-thaw culture for shoot regrowth. Shoot regrowth levels ranged from 42.5 % for L. longiflorum × Oriental ‘Triumphator’ to 87.5 % for L. Oriental hybrid ‘Siberia’, with a mean shoot regrowth level of 67.1 % across the six diverse Lilium genotypes tested. Histological observations found that the survival patterns were similar in cryopreserved shoot tips of ‘Triumphator’ and ‘Siberia’. Assessments using inter-simple sequence repeat markers found no differences in regenerants recovered from the control stock cultures and from cryopreserved shoot tips in ‘Triumphator’ and ‘Siberia’. This Lilium droplet-vitrification cryopreservation method is efficient, simple and widely applicable for the long-term conservation of lily genetic resources.     

Silencing of MicroRNA-21 Confers Radio-Sensitivity through Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT Pathway and Enhancing Autophagy in Malignant Glioma Cell Lines

Radiation is a core part of therapy for malignant glioma and is often provided following debulking surgery. However, resistance to radiation occurs in most patients, and the underlying molecular mechanisms of radio-resistance are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that microRNA 21 (miR-21), a well-known onco-microRNA in malignant glioma, is one of the major players in radio-resistance. Radio-resistance in different malignant glioma cell lines measured by cytotoxic cell survival assay was closely associated with miR-21 expression level. Blocking miR-21 with anti-miR-21 resulted in radio-sensitization of U373 and U87 cells, whereas overexpression of miR-21 lead to a decrease in radio-sensitivity of LN18 and LN428 cells. Anti-miR-21 sustained γ-H2AX DNA foci formation, which is an indicator of double-strand DNA damage, up to 24 hours and suppressed phospho-Akt (ser473) expression after exposure to γ-irradiation. In a cell cycle analysis, a significant increase in the G₂/M phase transition by anti-miR-21 was observed at 48 hours after irradiation. Interestingly, our results showed that anti-miR-21 increased factors associated with autophagosome formation and autophagy activity, which was measured by acid vesicular organelles, LC3 protein expression, and the percentage of GFP-LC3 positive cells. Furthermore, augmented autophagy by anti-miR-21 resulted in an increase in the apoptotic population after irradiation. Our results show that miR-21 is a pivotal molecule for circumventing radiation-induced cell death in malignant glioma cells through the regulation of autophagy and provide a novel phenomenon for the acquisition of radio-resistance.     

黑莓汁的理化特性及贮藏期营养成分的变化

对黑莓浓缩汁的理化特性及其营养成分变化进行研究,结果表明：ｐＨ３～４,波长５１１～５１４ｎｍ时,果汁色泽最佳;果汁抗氧化还原能力很弱,但具有很强的光和热的稳定性。０～４℃低温贮藏１年后,６种维生素的损失率都超过５０％;含糖量损失４０７％;ＳＯＤ活性和氨基酸含量分别损失１０％和１２４％;含酸量略有增加     

胡杨PeNAC121基因启动子的分离鉴定和胁迫应答模式分析

为了探究NAC转录因子家族成员在胡杨（Populus euphratica）逆境胁迫中的响应和调控机制,利用PCR技术从胡杨中克隆了PeNAC121基因的启动子序列,并采用生物信息学工具对该启动子的结构特征进行了分析,最后利用该启动子驱动GUS报告基因在三倍体毛白杨（Populus tomentosa）中表达,并对获得的转基因植株采用不同胁迫处理后进行了GUS染色和酶活性定量分析。结果表明,克隆获得的PeNAC121基因的启动子长度为1 997 bp（起始密码子ATG上游）,启动序列中除了含有大量的光响应元件,还含有多个与非生物逆境胁迫和激素响应相关的元件,如低温响应元件LTR、干旱响应元件MBS、防卫和胁迫响应元件TC-rich repeats、脱落酸（ABA）响应元件、以及赤霉素（GA）响应元件等。基因的组织表达模式检测结果显示,PeNAC121基因主要在茎中表达,在根和叶中的表达较少。GUS组织化学染色和酶活性检测结果表明,胡杨PeNAC121启动子显著受到NaCl、甘露醇、ABA和4 ℃低温的诱导表达。由上述结果推测PeNAC121基因与胡杨的逆境胁迫应答密切相关,表明该基因的启动子是一个能够应答多种逆境胁迫的诱导型启动子。本研究为阐明PeNAC121基因在胡杨逆境响应和调控中的作用机制提供理论参考。     

Correction to: Novel biphenyl diester derivative AB-38b inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome through Nrf2 activation in diabetic nephropathy

Cell Biology and Toxicology -     

颈盲蝽取食对薇甘菊叶片营养物质和防御酶的影响

【目的】薇甘菊是世界最具危害性的入侵杂草之一,对我国生态环境和农业、林业生产造成了严重的危害。颈盲蝽是控制薇甘菊的一种潜在的重要天敌昆虫。本研究旨在探讨薇甘菊被颈盲蝽取食后,叶片防御相关酶系活性、营养物质和叶绿素含量的变化,阐明颈盲蝽取食对薇甘菊生理功能的影响,为利用颈盲蝽防控薇甘菊提供依据。【方法】从云南瑞丽野外采集薇甘菊的本地天敌昆虫颈盲蝽,测定了颈盲蝽取食前及取食12、24、48、96 h后,薇甘菊叶片中过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,以及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及叶绿素含量,以取食前的植株作为对照。【结果】与对照相比,颈盲蝽取食12 h时,薇甘菊叶片中的POD、CAT活性升高,SOD活性降低;之后POD、SOD活性上升,CAT活性降低,取食48 h时,POD和SOD活性达到最高值,CAT活性达到最低值;取食96 h时,POD与SOD活性降低,但仍高于对照,CAT活性与取食48 h时相近。颈盲蝽取食后,薇甘菊叶片中的可溶性糖含量明显上升,取食96 h达到最高值;可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量显著降低,在96 h达到最低值,分别低于对照39.30%和69.94%。【结论】颈盲蝽取食严重破坏了薇甘菊叶片的正常生理功能,并最终导致其叶片萎蔫和坏疽。     

Molecular survey and characterization of Theileria annulata and Ehrlichia ruminantium in cattle from Northwest China

Theileriosis and ehrlichiosis are two important tick-borne diseases affecting cattle farming in China. However, limited information is available regarding prevalence and molecular characterization of Theileria annulata and Ehrlichia ruminantium in cattle in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), northwestern China. In this study, a total of 176 blood samples of cattle from three rural areas of XUAR were collected in June 2017 and were tested by nested-PCR. A total of 34 (19.3%) samples were found to be infected with one or two pathogens. The overall prevalence rates of T. annulata and E. ruminantium were 18.2% and 1.7%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the E. ruminantium isolates from XUAR were located in the same clade but diverged from the isolates from African countries using pCS20 gene while T. annulata isolates from XUAR revealed differences in the genotypes using Tams1 sequences. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. ruminantium infection in cattle in China. It also provides the first genetic characterization of T. annulata in cattle in XUAR. The current findings are important for understanding the distribution of agents of theileriosis and ehrlichiosis and in designing measures for the prevention and control of tick-borne diseases in cattle, other animals, and humans.     

Combinatorial Control of Recruitment of a Variant PRC1.6 Complex in Embryonic Stem Cells

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中国桔园蜘蛛名录

报道我国柑桔园内蜘蛛资源调查结果,目前已发现的蜘蛛计有25科90属197种,是柑桔害虫的一类重要捕食性天敌。     

新经济植物黑莓的引种

黑莓（Ｒｕｂｕｓｓｐｐ．）是第三代新兴的小果类果树之一。江苏省植物研究所于１９８６～１９８８年从美国引进了７个黑莓品种,从中选出适合江苏地区栽培的Ｈｕｌｌ,Ｃｈｅｓｔｅｒ,Ｂｌａｃｋｓａｔｉｎ３个品种,并已初步推广。田间试验对３个品种的发枝习性、开花结果习性和产量构成等进行比较。Ｈｕｌｌ单株产量最高,果实最大,ＢｌａｃｋＳａｔｉｎ单株产量最低,果实最小。但若种植密度适宜,３品种均能达到高产。