鱼类远缘杂交正反交杂种胚胎发育差异的细胞遗传学分析

本文报道了鲤(Cyprinus carpio)×鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鲫(Carassiusauratus)×鲢、白鲫(Carassius auratus cuvieri)×鲢和鲢×鲤、鲢×鲫、鲢×白鲫的正反交试验。在鲤×鲢、鲫×鲢和白鲫×鲢3个正交组中,胚胎发育基本正常,尽管孵出的鱼苗绝大多数生命力弱,但孵化率都在50％左右;而在鲢×鲤、鲢×鲫和鲢×白鲫3个反交组中,胚胎发育均为畸形,不能孵化出苗。 胚胎发育细胞遗传学分析表明,鲤×鲢、鲫×鲢和白鲫×鲢的杂种胚胎几乎都是整倍体,而鲢×鲤、鲢×鲫×鲢×白鲫的杂种胚胎基本上是非整倍体,染色体数变化较大。这些正反交杂种胚胎发育的显著差异可能与其亲本物种间的基因组大小有关。文中还分析讨论了这些正反交差异与天然多倍体物种以及胚胎发育速度的相关性,认为天然多倍体物种可能具有一些不同于普通二倍体物种协调外源基因组的能力。     

在中国壮族家系中发现的一例-α~T/-α~Q复合β~0β~0珠蛋白基因型

本文报道在我国广西隆林壮族中发现一个罕見的HbQ复合α,β地中海贫血家系。先证者女,18岁,贫血面容,肝脾肿大。化学结构分析确证本Hb变异体为HbQ Thailand[α74(EF3)Asp→His]。血红蛋白组成以及α和β珠蛋白基因分析结果表明,先证者的珠蛋白基因型为-α~Q/-α~T复合β°/β°(IVSI-1G→T/Codon17A→T);先证者父的基因型为-‘α~Q/-复合β~O/β~A(IVSI-1G→T/β~A);先证母的基因型为-α~T/αα复合β~O/β~A(Codon17A→T/β~A)。     

SLE血清中抗-DNA抗体分离和性质的研究

本文用国产高分子树脂(T)接枝小牛胸腺DNA,通过亲合层析从系统性红斑狼疮SLE患者血清中纯化出抗-ds DNA抗体和抗-ss DNA抗体。酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)的研究表明:SLE抗-DNA抗体和DNA结合的差异性很大,是高度非均一性的。抗-ss DNA抗体不仅组成成分比抗-ds DNA抗体复杂,ss DNA/抗-ssDNA亲合能力也明显高于ds DNA/抗-ds DNA。纯化的抗-DNA抗体以IgG类抗体占主导,同时也有其它类型抗体存在(例如IgM等)。抗-ds DNA抗体有较抗-ss DNA抗体高的IgG含量(两者的IgG/IgM分别是7.0和4.0),说明IgG抗-DNA抗体更倾向于同dsDNA结合。     

人巨细胞病毒对单纯疱疹病毒1型抗原表达的影响

我们用免疫胶体金色埋前标记技术和免疫荧光技术研究了人胚肺细胞(HEL)内,人巨细胞病毒(HCMV-AD_(169))对单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-ⅠSM_(44))抗原表达的影响,旨在探讨在细胞这一微生境内,一病毒对另一病毒可能发生的影响。电镜下计数HSV-1组和HCMV HSV-1组特异性结合金颗粒数得HSV-1组为657个,HCMV HSV-1组的总数为283个。t检验P<0.01,差别非常显著。并且HSV-1组细胞的胞浆中的病毒颗粒,比HCMV HSV-1组明显多。荧光显微镜下:HSV-1组阳性细胞数为689个HCMV HSV-1组只有484个,经poisson分布u检验,P<0.01,差别非常显著。免疫荧光实验还表明:HSV-1组,抗血清在1:320时仍有荧光清晰的阳性细胞,而HCMV HSV-1组,抗血清在1:160时,却无荧光阳性细胞。细胞病变效应(CPE)动态观察显示:HSV-1组8小时即有细胞病变,24小时蔓延整个单层;而HCMV HSV-1组超感染14小时才有细胞病变。24小时约有75％细胞受累。结果表明HCMV对HSV-1的抗原表达有明显的抑制作用。对抑制作用的可能机理及其在分子生态学中的意义,进行了讨论。     

AREL1 resists the apoptosis induced by TGF-β by inhibiting SMAC in vascular endothelial cells

Abnormal apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells is an important feature of arteriosclerosis (AS). Here, we induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and investigated the role of antiapoptotic E3 ubiquitin ligase (AREL1) in the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. We proved that AREL1 is downregulated in TGF-β treated HUVECs. The overexpression of AREL1 inhibits the activation of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 and attenuates cell apoptosis induced by TGF-β. According to the result of coimmunoprecipitation, AREL1 interacts with the proapoptotic proteins the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) in TGF-β treated HUVECs. In addition, miR-320b inhibits the expression of AREL1, and the overexpression of AREL1 attenuates the apoptosis induced by miR-320b mimics in HUVECs. In conclusion, AREL1 is downregulated by miR-320b. AREL1 overexpression inhibits TGF-β induced apoptosis through downregulating SMAC in vascular endothelial cells. Our study explores pathogenesis regulation mechanism and new biological therapeutic targets for vascular disease.     

Investigations of interaction mechanism and conformational variation of serum albumin affected by artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin

In this work, binding interactions of artemisinin (ART) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated thoroughly to illustrate the conformational variation of serum albumin. Experimental results indicated that ART and DHA bound strongly with the site I of serum albumins via hydrogen bond (H-bond) and van der Waals force and subsequently statically quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of serum albumins through concentration-dependent manner. The quenching abilities of two drugs on the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA were much higher than the quenching abilities of two drugs on the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA. Both ART and DHA, especially DHA, caused the conformational variation of serum albumins and reduced the α-helix structure content of serum albumins. DHA with hydrophilic hydroxyl group bound with HSA more strongly, suggesting the important roles of the chemical polarity and the hydrophilicity during the binding interactions of two drugs with serum albumins. These results reveal the molecular understanding of binding interactions between ART derivatives and serum albumins, providing vital information for the future application of ART derivatives in biological and clinical areas.     

Al-(L-丙氨酸)胰岛素晶体学研究

应用微量过饱和静置法在含柠檬酸钠和氯化钠的晶体生长体系中得到适合Ｘ射线衍射分析用的Ａｌ－（Ｌ－丙氯酸）胰岛素单晶体。晶体属于三方晶系,空间群为Ｒ３晶体衍射分辨率可达１．８Ａ以上。晶胞参数：ａＨ＝８０．８９Ａ,ｂＨ＝８０．８９Ａ,ｃＨ＝３７＼６４Ａ,α＝β＝９０°,γ＝１２０°。每个结晶学不对称单位含有两个Ａｌ－（Ｌ－丙氨酸）胰岛素分子。     

Influence of the route of administration on the pharmacokinetics of pirprofen enantiomers in the rat

The pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug pirprofen were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats after oral and intravenous (iv) doses of the racemate. No significant differences were detected between the enantiomers after oral or iv dosing in t_½, Vd, or ∑Xu. However, the R:S area under the plasma concentration (AUC) ratio after oral doses (0.92 ± 0.13) was slightly but significantly lower than after matching iv doses (1.05 ± 0.036). The absolute bioavailability of the active S-enantiomer (78.5%) after oral doses was higher than the inactive R-enantiomer (69.3%). The plasma protein binding of both enantiomers was saturable over a fivefold range of plasma concentrations. At higher plasma concentrations, the S-enantiomer was less bound than the R-enantiomer. In an in vitro experiment using everted rat jejunum, no chiral inversion was discernible. The dependency of the AUC ratio of the enantiomers on the route of administration may be due to stereoselective first-pass metabolism. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Reduced Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer Affects the Carbon Metabolism of Leaves and Maintains the Number of Flowers in Coreopsis tinctoria

This study examined the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer reduction on the carbon (C) metabolism and yield of Coreopsis tinctoria. A two-year (2020–2021) hydroponic experiment was conducted in accordance with a randomized complete group design with five N levels [0.875 mM Ca(NO₃)₂ (N1), 1.750 mM Ca(NO₃)₂ (N2), 3.500 mM Ca(NO₃)₂ (N3), 7.000 mM Ca(NO₃)₂ (N4), and 14.000 mM Ca(NO₃)₂ (N5)] and three replications. The results showed that low N significantly affected the functional leaf weight, C metabolism, and flower bud (or flower) numbers of C. tinctoria at harvest. Lower-N levels, especially those of the N2 treatment, significantly increased Rubisco, sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), soluble acid invertase (SAI), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) activity and maintained the flower number of C. tinctoria. In addition, the balance of carbohydrates (sucrose, starch, glucose, and fructose) and ATP contents was more efficiently maintained under relatively low-N levels. These findings might suggest that reduced application of N fertilizer affects the C metabolism of leaves and maintains the number of flowers in Coreopsis tinctoria. Applying relatively low-N fertilizer levels is also a promising cultivation strategy for C. tinctoria.