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931.
Ivan?H?StillEmail author Ananthalakshmy?K?Vettaikkorumakankauv Anthony?DiMatteo Ping?Liang 《BMC evolutionary biology》2004,4(1):16
Background
Examination of ancient gene families can provide an insight into how the evolution of gene structure can relate to function. Functional homologs of the evolutionarily conserved transforming acidic coiled coil (TACC) gene family are present in organisms from yeast to man. However, correlations between functional interactions and the evolution of these proteins have yet to be determined. 相似文献932.
Protein identification has been greatly facilitated by database searches against protein sequences derived from product ion spectra of peptides. This approach is primarily based on the use of fragment ion mass information contained in a MS/MS spectrum. Unambiguous protein identification from a spectrum with low sequence coverage or poor spectral quality can be a major challenge. We present a two-dimensional (2D) mass spectrometric method in which the numbers of nitrogen atoms in the molecular ion and the fragment ions are used to provide additional discriminating power for much improved protein identification and de novo peptide sequencing. The nitrogen number is determined by analyzing the mass difference of corresponding peak pairs in overlaid spectra of (15)N-labeled and unlabeled peptides. These peptides are produced by enzymatic or chemical cleavage of proteins from cells grown in (15)N-enriched and normal media, respectively. It is demonstrated that, using 2D information, i.e., m/z and its associated nitrogen number, this method can, not only confirm protein identification results generated by MS/MS database searching, but also identify peptides that are not possible to identify by database searching alone. Examples are presented of analyzing Escherichia coli K12 extracts that yielded relatively poor MS/MS spectra, presumably from the digests of low abundance proteins, which can still give positive protein identification using this method. Additionally, this 2D MS method can facilitate spectral interpretation for de novo peptide sequencing and identification of posttranslational or other chemical modifications. We envision that this method should be particularly useful for proteome expression profiling of organelles or cells that can be grown in (15)N-enriched media. 相似文献
933.
Fan J Wang X Wu L Matsumoto SI Liang J Koike T Ichikawa T Sun H Shikama H Sasaguri Y Watanabe T 《Transgenic research》2004,13(3):261-269
Increased matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) has been implicated in atherosclerosis and many other inflammatory processes.
To define MMP-12 functions in vivo, we generated transgenic rabbits that expressed human (h) MMP-12 gene under the control of a macrophage-specific promoter,
the human scavenger receptor promoter. Two transgenic founder rabbits were found to have hMMP-12 transgene integration by
Southern blot analysis. hMMP-12 mRNA was expressed in peritoneal and alveolar macrophages, and in tissues enriched in macrophages
in transgenic rabbits. High levels of hMMP-12 protein were detected in the conditioned media of cultured peritoneal and alveolar
macrophages from transgenic rabbits. Zymography showed that hMMP-12 secreted from macrophages possessed enzymatic activity
toward β-casein. To evaluate the expression of hMMP-12 in inflammatory sites, we used carrageenan-induced granulomas as an
in vivo model for tissue macrophages and foam cells. Granuloma size in transgenic rabbits was significantly increased compared to
that in control rabbits, and histological examination revealed that granulomas of transgenic rabbits were enriched in macrophages
associated with increased hMMP-12 expression. We believe that this transgenic rabbit model with increased expression of hMMP-12
may become a useful model for further mechanistic studies of MMP-12 in inflammatory diseases and cancer invasion; it is also
an ideal model for testing the in vivo action of MMP-12 inhibitors. 相似文献
934.
水葫芦苗(Halerpestes cymbalaris)的生长特征研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以调查统计的方法在中国科学院海北定位站研究了高寒湿地植物水葫芦苗无性系的生长特征、形态特征以及能量分配规律。结果表明:匍匐茎只有1条的水葫芦苗最多,占35.29%,匍匐茎有4条的水葫芦苗只占8.82%。同一水葫芦苗无性系中,随着匍匐茎数目的增多,分株数、间隔子数、茎总长和匍匐茎比节问重变小。分株一般在第一级最高,末级较低;第1条匍匐茎的间隔子较长。随水葫芦苗匍匐茎数目的增多,用于无性繁殖的分株干重比例逐渐增加,用于有性繁殖的花的干重比例下降。水葫芦苗无性系这种生长特征、形态特征以及能量分配规律是其生物—生态学特性和所处高寒湿地生境共同决定的。 相似文献
935.
Quantitative analyses of relationships between ecotoxicological effects and combined pollution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The responses of wheat Triticum aestivum, rice Oryza sativa, earthworms Eisenia foetida, and prawns Penaeus japonicus to combined acetochlor-Cu, Cd-Zn were studied in hydroponic and soil-culturing systems using the methods of ecotoxicology.
In particular, systematically quantitative analyses were documented by field experiments. Results showed that ecotoxicological
effects under the combined pollution were not only related to chemical properties of pollutants but also dependent on the
concentration level of pollutants, in particular on the combination of concentrations of pollutants in ecosystems. Additionally,
species of organisms, especially the type of ecosystem, determined the influences. To some extent, biological tissue targets
attacked by pollutants were an important factor. 相似文献
936.
Cloning and functional analysis of a cDNA encoding Ginkgo biloba farnesyl diphosphate synthase 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS; EC2.5.1.1/EC2. 5.1.10) catalyzes the synthesis of farnesyl diphosphate, and provides precursor for biosynthesis of sesquiterpene and isoprenoids containing more than 15 isoprene units in Ginkgo biloba. Here we report the cloning, characterization and functional analysis of a new cDNA encoding FPS from G. biloba. The full-length cDNA (designated GbFPS) had 1731 bp with an open reading frame of 1170 bp encoding a polypeptide of 390 amino acids. The deduced GbFPS was similar to other known FPSs and contained all the conserved regions of trans-prenyl chain-elongating enzymes. Structural modeling showed that GbFPS had the typical structure of FPS, the most prominent feature of which is the arrangement of 13 core helices around a large central cavity. Southern blot analysis revealed a small FPS gene family in G. biloba. Expression analysis indicated that GbFPS expression was high in roots and leaves, and low in stems. Functional complementation of GbFPS in an FPS-deficient strain confirmed that GbFPS mediates farnesyl diphosphate biosynthesis. 相似文献
937.
Yuan B Liang M Yang Z Rute E Taylor N Olivier M Cowley AW 《American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology》2003,284(5):R1219-R1230
The present study was designed to determine whether nonhypertensive elevations of plasma ANG II would modify the expression of genes involved in renal injury that could influence oxidative stress and extracellular matrix formation in the renal medulla using microarray, Northern, and Western blot techniques. Sprague-Dawley rats were infused intravenously with either ANG II (5 ng. kg(-1). min(-1)) or vehicle for 7 days (n = 6/group). Mean arterial pressure averaged 110 +/- 0.6 mmHg during the control period and 113 +/- 0.4 mmHg after ANG II. The mRNA of 1,751 genes ( approximately 80% of all currently known rat genes) that was differentially expressed (ANG II vs. saline) in renal outer and inner medulla was determined. The results of 12 hybridizations indicated that in response to ANG II, 11 genes were upregulated and 25 were downregulated in the outer medulla, while 11 were upregulated and 13 were downregulated in the inner medulla. These differentially expressed genes, most of which were not known previously to be affected by ANG II in the renal medulla, were found to group into eight physiological pathways known to influence renal injury and kidney function. Particularly, expression of several genes would be expected to increase oxidative stress and interstitial fibrosis in the outer medulla. Western blot analyses confirmed increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 and collagen type IV proteins in the outer medulla. Results demonstrate that nonhypertensive elevations of plasma ANG II can significantly alter the expression of a variety of genes in the renal outer medulla and suggested the vulnerability of the renal outer medulla to the injurious effect of ANG II. 相似文献
938.
Ando Y Liang Y Ishigaki S Niwa J Jiang Y Kobayashi Y Yamamoto M Doyu M Sobue G 《Neurochemical research》2003,28(6):839-846
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is characterized by selective motor neuron degeneration. An apoptotic pathway is thought to be involved. It is difficult, however, to analyze the molecular pathogenic mechanism in single motor neurons because of complexity in the neural tissue, which consists of multiple lineages of cells neighboring motor neurons. We quantified the caspase-1 and -3 mRNA in single motor neurons and neighboring glial cells isolated from the spinal ventral horn of mutant SOD1 transgenic (Tg) mice and littermates. Motor neurons and neighboring glial cells were isolated from spinal sections by laser microdissection, and the mRNAs were quantified by RT-PCR. In the Tg mice, caspase-1 mRNA was first upregulated in motor neurons and second in glial cells. The caspase-3 mRNA was increased in motor neurons following the caspase-1 mRNA. These results indicated that caspase-1 and -3 mRNAs are differentially upregulated in motor neurons and glial cells of the Tg mice, and that mRNAs in isolated cells can be accurately assessed using our procedures. 相似文献
939.
The disturbing genetic algorithm, incorporating the disturbing mutation process into the genetic algorithm flow, has been developed to extend the searching space of side-chain conformations and to improve the quality of the rotamer library. Moreover, the growing generation amount idea, simulating the real situation of the natural evolution, is introduced to improve the searching speed. In the calculations using the pseudo energy scoring function of the root mean squared deviation, the disturbing genetic algorithm method has been shown to be highly efficient. With the real energy function based on AMBER force field, the program has been applied to rebuilding side-chain conformations of 25 high-quality crystallographic structures of single-protein and protein-protein complexes. The averaged root mean standard deviation of atom coordinates in side-chains and veracities of the torsion angles of chi(1) and chi(1) + chi(2) are 1.165 A, 88.2 and 72.9% for the buried residues, respectively, and 1.493 A, 79.2 and 64.7% for all residues, showing that the method has equal precision to the program SCWRL, whereas it performs better in the prediction of buried residues and protein-protein interfaces. This method has been successfully used in redesigning the interface of the Basnase-Barstar complex, indicating that it will have extensive application in protein design, protein sequence and structure relationship studies, and research on protein-protein interaction. 相似文献
940.
Copper complex of hydroxyl-substituted triazamacrocyclic ligand and its antitumor activity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Liang F Wu C Lin H Li T Gao D Li Z Wei J Zheng C Sun M 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2003,13(15):2469-2472
The protonation constants and the stability constants for the formation of copper (II) complex of the ligand [1,4,7] Triazecan-9-ol (L) were presented. Antitumor activity of CuL complex was reported. Preliminary pharmacological tests showed that it had antitumor activity against HXO-RB44 and BEL-7402 cell lines in vitro. Nuclei of [CuL]-stimulated BEL-7402 cells clearly exhibited condensation and break down into chromatin clumps typical of apoptosis. Also it exhibited perturbation effects to BEL-7402 cell lines cycle and further studies showed that it could cleave supercoiled DNA (pBR 322) to nicked and linear DNA. 相似文献