中国四种森林类型主要优势植物的C:N:P化学计量学特征

为了评价不同森林类型的生态化学计量特征的差异, 以吉林长白山温带针阔混交林、广东鼎湖山亚热带常绿阔叶林、云南西双版纳热带季雨林和江西千烟洲亚热带人工针叶林为研究对象, 通过对2007年4月-2008年5月4种典型区域森林植物叶片和凋落物的碳(C)氮(N)磷(P)元素质量比与N、P再吸收率的分析, 探讨了4种森林类型N、P养分限制和N、P养分再吸收的内在联系。结果表明: 1)从森林类型上看, 温带针阔混交林叶片的C : N : P为321 : 13 : 1, 亚热带常绿阔叶林叶片的C : N : P为561 : 22 : 1, 热带季雨林叶片的C : N : P为442 : 19 : 1, 亚热带人工针叶林叶片的C : N : P为728 : 18 : 1; 凋落物的C : N : P也是亚热带人工林最高, 达1 950 : 27 : 1, 温带针阔混交林的最低, 为552 : 14 : 1, 热带季雨林的为723 : 24 : 1, 亚热带常绿阔叶林的为1 305 : 35 : 1, 不同森林类型凋落物的C : N : P的计量大小关系与叶片的结果一致; 2)从植物生活型上看, 常绿针叶林叶片的C : N均显著高于常绿阔叶林及落叶阔叶林; 叶片C : P与森林类型的关系并不十分密切; 常绿阔叶林叶片的N : P最高, 常绿针叶林次之, 落叶阔叶林最低; 3)植物叶片的N : P与月平均气温有显著的负相关关系, 但叶片的C : P基本不受月平均气温影响, 叶片的C、N、P计量比与降水的线性关系不显著; 4)高纬度地区的植物更易受N元素限制, 而低纬度地区植物更易受P元素的限制; 但受N或P限制的植物并不一定具有高的N或P再吸收率。研究结果表明, 不同类型森林的叶片与凋落物的化学计量特征具有一致性, 但是环境因子对不同类型植物化学计量比的影响并不相同。     

Anagallidium rubrostriatum,a new species of the Gentianaceae from Nei Mongol,China

A new species of the genus Anagallidium Griseb.(Gentianaceae) from Nei Mongol, China, A. rubrostriatum Y. Z. Zhao, Z. Y. Zhu & L. Q. Zhao, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to A. dichotomum (L.) Griseb. in the flower tetramerous, pe     

A protein kinase, interacting with two calcineurin B-like proteins, regulates K+ transporter AKT1 in Arabidopsis

Potassium is an essential mineral element for plant growth and development. Although it is known that plants absorb and transport K+ through membrane transporters, it remains unclear how these transporters are regulated. Here we show that the protein kinase CIPK23, encoded by the LKS1 gene, regulates K+ uptake under low-K+ conditions. Lesion of LKS1 significantly reduced K+ uptake and caused leaf chlorosis and growth inhibition, whereas overexpression of LKS1 significantly enhanced K+ uptake and tolerance to low K+. We demonstrate that CIPK23 directly phosphorylates the K+ transporter AKT1 and further find that CIPK23 is activated by the binding of two calcineurin B-like proteins, CBL1 and CBL9. We propose a model in which the CBL1/9-CIPK23 pathway ensures activation of AKT1 and enhanced K+ uptake under low-K+ conditions.     

无血清培养HAb18细胞的生长代谢与抗体分泌特征

通过逐步降低血清浓度,HPLC氨基酸分析及正交实验筛选研制了HAb18杂交瘤细胞的无血清培养基。对在该无血清培养条件下的细胞进行了计数,对培养上清液进行了葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺、乳酸和氨浓度以及抗体分泌量和抗原结合活性测定,并对动力学参数进行了分析,结果表明HAb18细胞在无血清培养条件下达到的最大细胞密度和抗体分泌量分别为0.91×106个/ml和43.8mg/L;细胞比生长速率较在有血清条件下稍有下降,而抗体合成速率提高(0.0207/h比0.0218/h,0.387pg/cell/h比0.218pg/cell/h,P<0.01)。无血清培养时葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺消耗无明显变化,但乳酸浓度降低,氨浓度升高;此外,分泌抗体的抗原结合活性增加。研究无血清培养条件下的HAb18细胞生长代谢和抗体分泌特征可为建立HAb18无血清悬浮流加培养工艺打下基础。     

中国四种森林类型主要优势植物的C∶N∶P化学计量学特征

为了评价不同森林类型的生态化学计量特征的差异,以吉林长白山温带针阔混交林、广东鼎湖山亚热带常绿阔叶林、云南西双版纳热带季雨林和江西千烟洲亚热带人工针叶林为研究对象,通过对2007年4月-2008年5月4种典型区域森林植物叶片和凋落物的碳(C)氮(N)磷(P)元素质量比与N、P再吸收率的分析,探讨了4种森林类型N、P养分限制和N、P养分再吸收的内在联系.结果表明:1)从森林类型上看,温带针阔混交林叶片的C∶N∶P为321∶13∶1,亚热带常绿阔叶林叶片的C∶N∶P为561∶22∶1,热带季雨林叶片的C∶N∶P为442∶19∶1,亚热带人工针叶林叶片的C∶N∶P为728∶18∶1;凋落物的C∶N∶P也是亚热带人工林最高,达1950∶27∶1,温带针阔混交林的最低,为552∶14∶1,热带季雨林的为723∶24∶1,亚热带常绿阔叶林的为1305∶35∶1,不同森林类型凋落物的C∶N∶P的计量大小关系与叶片的结果一致;2)从植物生活型上看,常绿针叶林叶片的C∶N均显著高于常绿阔叶林及落叶阔叶林;叶片C∶P与森林类型的关系并不十分密切;常绿阔叶林叶片的N∶P最高,常绿针叶林次之,落叶阔叶林最低;3)植物叶片的N∶P与月平均气温有显著的负相关关系,但叶片的C∶P基本不受月平均气温影响,叶片的C、N、P计量比与降水的线性关系不显著;4)高纬度地区的植物更易受N元素限制,而低纬度地区植物更易受P元素的限制;但受N或P限制的植物并不一定具有高的N或P再吸收率.研究结果表明,不同类型森林的叶片与凋落物的化学计量特征具有一致性,但是环境因子对不同类型植物化学计量比的影响并不相同.     

中国茄属一新归化种——羽裂叶龙葵

报道了中国茄科茄属的一新记录种——羽裂叶龙葵（Solanum triflorum Nutt.）。该种具有独特的匍匐习性,叶片通常为羽状深裂且稍肉质,花冠呈星芒状,花药细长,在花序轴的顶端通常具一枚叶状小苞片,与国内记载的茄属其他物种区别明显。该种为泛热带分布,原产于美洲,归化于欧洲、南非和澳大利亚,近年来在中国内蒙古自治区亦有归化。     

Optical sensors for monitoring dynamic changes of intracellular metabolite levels in mammalian cells

Knowledge of the in vivo levels, distribution and flux of ions and metabolites is crucial to our understanding of physiology in both healthy and diseased states. The quantitative analysis of the dynamics of ions and metabolites with subcellular resolution in vivo poses a major challenge for the analysis of metabolic processes. Genetically encoded F?rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensors can be used for real-time in vivo detection of metabolites. FRET sensor proteins, for example, for glucose, can be targeted genetically to any cellular compartment, or even to subdomains (e.g., a membrane surface), by adding signal sequences or fusing the sensors to specific proteins. The sensors can be used for analyses in individual mammalian cells in culture, in tissue slices and in intact organisms. Applications include gene discovery, high-throughput drug screens or systematic analysis of regulatory networks affecting uptake, efflux and metabolism. Quantitative analyses obtained with the help of FRET sensors for glucose or other ions and metabolites provide valuable data for modeling of flux. Here we provide a detailed protocol for monitoring glucose levels in the cytosol of mammalian cell cultures through the use of FRET glucose sensors; moreover, the protocol can be used for other ions and metabolites and for analyses in other organisms, as has been successfully demonstrated in bacteria, yeast and even intact plants. The whole procedure typically takes ～4 d including seeding and transfection of mammalian cells; the FRET-based analysis of transfected cells takes ～5 h.