牦牛ZP3基因的克隆及蛋白质结构的预测

本研究对牦牛ZP3基因的编码区进行了克隆,在此基础上对ZP3蛋白的分子结构预测,为研究牦牛受精生物学提供基础。根据GenBank中普通牛的ZP3核苷酸序列设计特异性引物,以牦牛卵巢组织总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR技术扩增牦牛ZP3基因cDNA序列(GenBank登录号为GQ856646),利用DNAMAN生物软件进行核苷酸和氨基酸序列分析、蛋白质专家系统ExPASy进行ZP3蛋白质分子结构预测。结果表明,扩增出的牦牛ZP3基因编码序列长1 266 bp,编码421个氨基酸。牦牛与牛、猪、狗、人、鼠和鸡ZP3基因核苷酸相应序列的同源性分别为98.42%、96.73%、79.67%、78.71%、69.15%和56.61%,氨基酸同源性分别为98.10%、83.85%、74.24%、70.26%、62.62%和46.12%,符合物种进化规律。预测的ZP3蛋白二级和三级结构显示它是一个具有22个氨基酸信号肽的亲水性β-桶状跨膜蛋白。牦牛ZP3基因编码区的成功克隆,为进一步研究该基因的结构与功能及其在受精过程中的作用提供了基础。     

嗜酸粒细胞过氧化物酶快速染色的研究

目的建立嗜酸粒细胞过氧化物酶快速染色方法,完善包括嗜酸粒细胞脱颗粒或中性粒细胞粗颗粒等各种情况下嗜酸粒细胞准确并快速计数的质量控制。方法随机选取75例血液病患者的骨髓涂片标本,要求常规瑞-姬染色骨髓分类嗜酸粒细胞≥3.5%,取材3d内。每份标本中选取两张,分别划入实验组和对照组。实验组标本进行嗜酸粒细胞过氧化物酶快速染色,对照组标本进行常规瑞-姬染色。分别计数嗜酸粒细胞百分数。结果实验组嗜酸粒细胞颗粒染成黑色,对包括中性粒细胞在内的其他细胞染色效果同瑞-姬染色,显微镜下嗜酸粒细胞显示醒目,可快速准确计数。结果与对照组比较,经t检验,P0.05,无统计学差异。结论嗜酸粒细胞过氧化物酶快速染色方法比较常规瑞-姬染色具有快速染色,对嗜酸粒细胞的显示更加醒目的优点,且对包括中性粒细胞在内的其他细胞染色兼有瑞-姬染色的效果。该方法值得推广用于快速骨髓细胞染色,且适用于包括嗜酸粒细胞形态不典型及中性粒细胞颗粒粗大等各种情况下的嗜酸细胞计数的质量控制,从而准确有效地服务于临床诊治。     

细胞免疫缺陷对海马盐皮质激素受体和糖皮质激素受体表达的影响

目的探讨细胞免疫缺陷对海马盐皮质激素受体(MR)和糖皮质激素受体(GR)表达水平的影响及意义。方法随机选取不同年龄(1周,7周)的雄性裸小鼠(Balb/c-nu/nu)各6只作为实验组,另随机选取与实验组动物年龄、性别、数量相一致的正常Balb/c小鼠作为对照组;所有动物采用RT-PCR方法检测其海马中MR、GR的mRNA变化。结果与正常对照组相比,1周裸小鼠MR的mRNA表达无明显变化,7周裸小鼠MR的mRNA水平较正常对照组显著上调(P0.05);1周与7周裸小鼠GR的mRNA水平均较正常对照组显著上调(P0.05)。结论早期裸小鼠海马内GR和MR表达上调可能是引起认知减退的原因。     

梅花鹿S100A4 基因RNAi 重组慢病毒载体的构建

本研究针对东北梅花鹿S100A4 基因筛选出若干条RNAi 靶位点,并利用NCBI 中的BLAST 工具去除脱靶情况,最终得到2 条高分靶位点。然后在T4 连接酶的作用下,将其与载体质粒pLVTHM 的酶切产物进行连接,并通过PCR 鉴定及测序筛选出阳性质粒。pLVTHM 阳性重组质粒与pMD2. G 及pCMV-dr8.91 共转染到293 T 细胞中。在倒置荧光显微镜下观察转染效果并进行收获病毒质粒。结果显示在转染24 h 后,在293 T 细胞中观察到了绿色荧光。本研究成功构建出针对梅花鹿S100A4 基因的慢病毒载体,为以后进一步研究S100A4 基因在鹿茸再生中的具体功能与机制打下了基础。     

Cytokine-induced arginase activity in pulmonary endothelial cells is dependent on Src family tyrosine kinase activity

We hypothesized that the Src family tyrosine kinases (STKs) are involved in the upregulation of arginase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in response to inflammatory stimuli in pulmonary endothelial cells. Treatment of bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (bPAEC) with lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (L/T) resulted in increased urea and nitric oxide (NO) production, and this increase in urea and NO production was inhibited by the STK inhibitor PP1 (10 microM). The STK inhibitors PP2 (10 microM) and herbimycin A (10 microM) also prevented the L/T-induced expression of both arginase II and iNOS mRNA in bPAEC. Together, the data demonstrate a central role of STK in the upregulation of both arginase II and iNOS in bPAEC in response to L/T treatment. To identify the specific kinase(s) required for the induction of urea and NO production, we studied human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (hPMVEC) so that short interfering RNA (siRNA) techniques could be employed. We found that hPMVEC express Fyn, Yes, c-Src, Lyn, and Blk and that the protein expression of Fyn, Yes, c-Src, and Lyn could be inhibited with specific siRNA. The siRNA targeting Fyn prevented the cytokine-induced increase in urea and NO production, whereas siRNAs specifically targeting Yes, c-Src, and Lyn had no appreciable effect on cytokine-induced urea and NO production. These findings support our hypothesis that inflammatory stimuli lead to increased urea and NO production through a STK-mediated pathway. Furthermore, these results indicate that the STK Fyn plays a critical role in this process.     

High incidence of distal vaginal atresia in mice lacking Tyro3 RTK subfamily

Vaginal atresia is a congenital abnormality of the female genitourinary system, and the specific molecular mechanism leading to failure of vaginal development remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that the female mice lacking Tyro3 RTK subfamily (Tyro3, Axl, and Mer) exhibit a high incidence of distal vaginal atresia. The ratios of the vaginal atresia in Tyro3 RTKs mutant female mice are as follows: 2.5% for Mer(-/-) mice, 4.0% for Axl(-/-)Mer(-/-), 3.7% for Mer(-/-)Tyro3(-/-), 16.06% for Tyro(-/-)Axl(-/-)Mer(-/-) mice. We did not find the vaginal atresia in Axl(-/-), Tyro3(-/-), Axl(-/-) Tyro(-/-), and wild-type mice. These observations suggest that Tyro3 RTKs play roles collaboratively in vaginal development, and Mer is more critical, Axl and Tyro3 support the function of Mer. The phenotype of mice with the vaginal atresia was characterized in this study. Tyro3 RTKs mutant mouse could be a useful model to study the mechanism of vaginal atresia formation.     

Establishment and characteristics of white ear lobe chicken embryo fibroblast line and expression of six fluorescent proteins in the cells

A white ear lobe chicken embryo (WELCE) fibroblast cell bank, containing 322 tubes of frozen cells, was successfully established from primary explants of 57 embryo samples. The cells were morphologically consistent with fibroblasts, and the growth curve was sigmoidal with a population doubling time (PDT) of 48 h. Karyotyping and G-banding indicated a total chromosome number of 2n=78; the rate of diploidy in the cell bank was 97.62%. The cells were also free from bacterial, fungal, viral and mycoplasma contamination. Analysis of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) isoenzymes ruled out cross-contamination between cells. In order to study exogenous gene expression, six fluorescent proteins were transfected into the WELCE cells. The transfection efficiency of these genes was between 10.1 and 41.9%. The corresponding fluorescence was distributed throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus 24h after transfection. The results indicate that the quality of the cell line meet the quality requirements of the ATCC (American Type Culture Collection).     

Modular organization and combinatorial energetics of proline-tyrosine nuclear localization signals

Proline-tyrosine nuclear localization signals (PY-NLSs) are recognized and transported into the nucleus by human Karyopherin (Kap) beta2/Transportin and yeast Kap104p. Multipartite PY-NLSs are highly diverse in sequence and structure, share a common C-terminal R/H/KX2-5PY motif, and can be subdivided into hydrophobic and basic subclasses based on loose N-terminal sequence motifs. PY-NLS variability is consistent with weak consensus motifs, but such diversity potentially renders comprehensive genome-scale searches intractable. Here, we use yeast Kap104p as a model system to understand the energetic organization of this NLS. First, we show that Kap104p substrates contain PY-NLSs, demonstrating their generality across eukaryotes. Previously reported Kapbeta2-NLS structures explain Kap104p specificity for the basic PY-NLS. More importantly, thermodynamic analyses revealed physical properties that govern PY-NLS binding affinity: (1) PY-NLSs contain three energetically significant linear epitopes, (2) each epitope accommodates substantial sequence diversity, within defined limits, (3) the epitopes are energetically quasi-independent, and (4) a given linear epitope can contribute differently to total binding energy in different PY-NLSs, amplifying signal diversity through combinatorial mixing of energetically weak and strong motifs. The modular organization of the PY-NLS coupled with its combinatorial energetics lays a path to decode this diverse and evolvable signal for future comprehensive genome-scale identification of nuclear import substrates.     

gTME构建共发酵木糖和葡萄糖的重组酿酒酵母

利用全转录工程（gTME）方法将全局转录因子spt15随机突变并克隆表达, 构建突变库。将突变基因连接到表达载体 pYX212上, 醋酸锂法转化入不利用木糖的酿酒酵母YPH499中, 经特定的培养基初筛获得高效利用木糖并共发酵木糖和葡萄糖的酿酒酵母重组菌株。对获得的重组菌株进行了初步研究, 该菌株能够很好的利用木糖并共发酵木糖和葡萄糖。在30oC, 200 r/min, 发酵96 h时, 50 g/L木糖和葡萄糖的利用率为94.0%和98.9%, 乙醇产率为32.4%和31.6%, 原始菌株乙醇产率为44.3%; 当木糖和葡萄糖以质量比1:1混合发酵时, 木糖和葡萄糖利用率分别为91.7%和85.9%, 乙醇产率为26%。木糖醇的含量极低。     

热带人工橡胶林林冠截留雾水的边缘效应研究

利用 2 0 0 1年 1 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 1 0月的林缘和林内雾水截留及相关环境因子观测资料 ,对西双版纳热带人工橡胶林林冠截留雾水的边缘效应进行了研究。西双版纳热带人工橡胶林内的雾日数及雾日频率呈现明显的季节变化 ,全年雾日数可达 1 72 d,其中雾季 (1 1～翌年 2月份 )的雾日数及雾日频率最多 (高 ) ,月均雾日数可达 2 3d(76 .7% )。由林缘至林内 ,年雾水截留量在迎风面和背风面均呈现指数形式急剧减小 ,二者均是在林缘最边行外测的林冠下 (0 m处 )达到最大 ,分别为 4 1 .1 mm和 2 4 .3mm。迎风面和背风面林缘 0 m处的雾水截留量分别是林内雾水截留量 (1 6 .2 mm )的 2 .5倍和 1 .5倍。迎风面雾水截留在林内约 2 5 m处趋于稳定 ,而背风面在林内约 1 5 m处趋于稳定。林缘处的雾水截留量与日 0 :0 0～ 1 0 :0 0平均风速呈显著的正相关(P<0 .0 1 )。风速大 ,则雾水截留的边缘效应向林内越深入 ,且空间变异性减小。相对于迎风面林缘 0 m处的雾水截留而言 ,大的风速将削弱林内和林缘雾水截留量的差别 ,从而导致更多的雾水进入森林