纸坊病病毒病因的研究

1985年4～10月与1986年6～8月,在贵州省沿河县的纸坊村和崔家坨村先后发生了病因不明的传染病。纸坊村约有1/5的村民发病,病死率为12％,崔家坨村有1/10的村民发病,病死率高达30％。发病波及各年龄组,以青壮年为多,有家庭集聚现象。 本病起病急,轻症者只有头晕、乏力、肌痛、多汗、心悸伴以低热,有的初期有短暂的腹泻。重症者有高热(40℃以上)、大汗、心悸、游走性肌肉痉挛伴有明显疼痛和触痛,以腰骶部及四肢肌肉为好发部位。病人烦燥不安,2～5天内死亡。经实验室检查,排除了食物中毒、农药中毒、钩端螺旋体病和弓形体感染。从病人和接触者的粪便中分离到9株病毒,性状一致,为RNA型25nm的球形颗粒,耐酸,耐乙醚,能凝集人“O”型血球。经血清学鉴定为ECHO3型病毒。16份病人双份血清的检测结果表明,恢复期血清对该病毒中和抗体有4倍以上升高者共8例(纸坊村和崔家坨各4例)。病人单份血清也都有较高的抗体。有理由认为两年中先后在两个村庄发生的传染病与ECHO3型病毒有密切关系。查阅文献,尚未见有关ECHO3型病毒引起以肌痛、游走性肌痉挛为特征的疾病的报道。     

超低能重离子注入作物育种的原初物理机制

从原子核物理学观点出发,采用理论分析与实验测量并举的方法对超级能（〈２００ｋｅｖ）重离子（Ｚ≥６）注入作物（小麦）种子进行诱变育种的原初物理机制进行了研究,结果表明,无论是注入离子本身的射程,还是次级电子,自由基扩散,高温热穗,级联原子和冲击波等次级作用范围都无法触及表皮下面的胚细胞,但注入离子在麦胚内主要元素（Ｃ,Ｎ,Ｏ,Ｓ,Ｐ,Ｋ,Ｃａ）上激发出的特征Ｘ－射线,在其强度减弱为原来的１０＾－３时     

Cardioprotective effect of isorhamnetin against myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat heart through attenuation of apoptosis

In this study, we investigated the effects of isorhamnetin on myocardial ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts. Isorhamnetin treatment (5, 10 and 20 μg/mL) significantly alleviated cardiac morphological injury, reduced myocardial infarct size, decreased the levels of marker enzymes (LDH and CK) and improved the haemodynamic parameters, reflected by the elevated levels of the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), coronary flow (CF) and the maximum up/down velocity of left ventricular pressure (+dp/dt_max). Moreover, isorhamnetin reperfusion inhibited apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in the rats subjected to cardiac I/R in a dose-dependent manner concomitant with decreased protein expression of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3, as well as increased protein expression of Bcl-2. In addition, I/R-induced oxidative stress was manifestly mitigated by isorhamnetin treatment, as showed by the decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increased antioxidant enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). These results indicated that isorhamnetin exerts a protective effect against I/R-induced myocardial injury through the attenuation of apoptosis and oxidative stress.     

Investigation of the Effects of Squalene and Squalene Epoxides on the Homeostasis of Coenzyme Q10 in Rats by UPLC‐Orbitrap MS

Squalene has been used as a dietary supplement for a long history due to its potential cancer‐preventive function. However, the mechanism has not been investigated in detail yet. Therefore, the aim of this study is to see if the plasma coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) level will be altered by gavage of squalene and oxidosqualenes to rats. In the present work, a sensitive and simple high‐performance analytical method based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with an Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Orbitrap‐MS) was developed for the quantification of CoQ10 in rat plasma. Coenzyme Q9 (CoQ9) was employed as the internal standard. CoQ10 was determined after acetonitrile‐mediated plasma protein precipitation using UPLC‐Orbitrap‐MS in negative ion mode. Intragastric administration of squalene and the two squalene epoxides into rats once daily for several days elevated the level of CoQ10 in their plasma, but there was no significant difference between high‐dose (286 mg/kg) and low‐dose (143 mg/kg) groups. Intragastric administration of squalene once a day for 5 consecutive days and oxidosqualenes once a day for 3 consecutive days is necessary for reaching the steady‐state level of CoQ10. Our present findings indicate that squalene and oxidosqualenes may be useful for stimulating the synthesis of CoQ10 in rats.     

Target-specific mutations efficiency at multiple loci of CRISPR/Cas9 system using one sgRNA in soybean

Soybean has a palaeopolyploid genome with nearly 75% of the genes present in multiple copies. Although the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been employed in soybean to generate site-directed mutagenesis, a systematical assessment of mutation efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for the multiple-copy genes is still urgently needed. Here, we successfully optimize one sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 system in soybean by testing the efficiency, pattern, specificity of the mutations at multiple loci of GmFAD2 and GmALS. The results showed that simultaneous site-directed mutagenesis of two homoeologous loci by one sgRNA, the mutation frequency in the T0 generation were 64.71% for GmPDS, 60.0% for GmFAD2 and 42.86% for GmALS, respectively. The chimeric and heterozygous mutations were dominant types. Moreover, association of phenotypes with mutation pattern at target loci of GmPDS11 and GmPDS18 could help us further demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas9 system can efficiently generate target specific mutations at multiple loci using one sgRNA in soybean, albeit with a relatively low transformation efficiency.

     

中国基层医疗机构手癣和足癣诊治现状调查

目的了解基层医生有关手癣、足癣的诊治现状,分析影响因素,制定有针对性的措施。方法通过网络平台对全国19个省市的基层医生进行问卷调查。结果共回收完整问卷729份。结果显示:①约20%的基层医生对手、足癣的发病因素方面存在认识不足,约50%的基层医生对受侵犯皮肤的组织定位存在误区。②基层医生对手、足癣鉴别诊断的重要性重视不够,真菌镜检设备使用率不足一半。③基层医生能正确选用外用抗真菌药,硝酸咪康唑乳膏使用率超过80%。④仍有10.70%的基层医生推荐使用外用糖皮质激素治疗手、足癣。结论基层医生在手、足癣的规范诊疗方面仍有待提高。     

Establishment of a micropropagation supporting technology for the Fraxinus mandshurica × Fraxinus sogdiana

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant - The interspecific hybridization can take advantage of heterosis and combine the double parental traits most extensively, and is an effective...