青藏公路沿线白昼交通运输等人类活动对藏羚羊迁徙的影响

To study effects of traffic during daytime and other human activities, we conducted surveys on the migration of Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsoni along the Qinghai-Tibet highway between Kunlun Mountain Pass to Wudaoliang,using line transects (LT) from June to September in 2001 and 2002, Data were collected for 64 days with 17 days in 2001, and 47days in 2002. The Stationary Observation Method (SOM) was also adopted for the investigation of status of the disturbance from traffic when antelopes passing the highway and the traffic situation from August 6 to 28 (6 : 30-19: 00), 4 to 20 (6: 00- 18: 00) and from December 21 to 29 (9：00- 19: 00) in 2002. The results showed that,the period of migration in 2002 was more prolonged than in 2001, and it took at least 45 min for each group to cross the highway, with success ratio of only 30.2 %, and the traffic flow of summer daytime was 76/h, while the winter‘s traffic flow was 29/h. Highway and rail traffic should be managed during daylight hours from June to August, to allow for the migration of the antelopes. Also conservation education and a further survey should be emphasized for the protection on the species [Acta Zoologica Sinica 50 (4) : 669-674, 2004].     

Comparative cardiac mechanics: Laplace's Law

The pumping ability of the heart is determined by mechanical and geometrical factors. These latter are governed by Laplace's Law. The extent of the applicability of this law across mammalian species is examined utilizing allometric relations and dimensional analysis. Results show that Laplace's Law plays an important role in linking the anatomical design to the functional capability of mammalian hearts.     

基于地统计学的黄土高寒区典型林地土壤水分盈亏状况研究

土壤水分是黄土高寒区水循环、地下水补给和植被恢复的关键因素,基于地统计学研究土壤水分空间分布及其盈亏状况,揭示林地土壤水分的空间分布规律、变异特征及空间结构,对于区域植被恢复具有重要价值。以大通县安门滩小流域人工林地作为研究对象,运用地统计学方法对其5月、7月和9月的土壤储水量、林地耗水量和土壤水分盈亏量进行综合分析。研究结果表明:(1)土壤储水量总体表现为9月5月7月,而林地耗水量为7月9月5月,5—7月绝大多数林地的土壤水分呈亏损状态,而7—9月所有林地土壤水分都得到了补充,总体来看,5—9月研究区多数林地的土壤水分有所盈余,土壤储水量、林地耗水量和土壤水分盈亏量均采用指数模型作为最优理论变异函数模型;(2)5月、7月和9月土壤储水量呈南高北低、西高东低的空间分异规律,且西南-东北方向变异较东南-西北方向剧烈;各月林地耗水量在西南-东北方向变异较东南-西北方向剧烈,总体表现为西南部区域低于东北部区域;在5—7月、7—9月和5—9月这三个时期内,土壤水分盈亏量的取值均呈现出东北部区域小于西南部区域的特点。综上,当地土壤水分状况与林地耗水量分布格局并不完全匹配,虽然绝大部分林分能够维持土壤水分收支平衡,但部分山脚处的青杨林地和中部区域的华北落叶松林地出现了土壤水分亏损的现象。为防止林地水分环境恶化,在之后黄土高寒区的植被建设过程中,应适当调整林分配置。     

PEG介导的猴头菌遗传转化体系的建立

对猴头菌Hericium erinaceus原生质体制备的各种因素进行比较研究,结果表明,猴头菌原生质体制备的最佳体系为：液体培养5d的猴头菌丝,以0.6mol/L KCl作为稳渗剂,加入含1.0%纤维素酶+1.0%蜗牛酶+1.0%溶壁酶的复合酶,在30℃酶解猴头菌丝3h时,原生质体得率达到3.0×106个/mL。潮霉素敏感性测试表明,猴头菌在PDSA固体培养基上的潮霉素最低筛选浓度为60μg/mL。采用PEG介导的原生质体法,将质粒pBgGI-hph（含有灵芝gpd1-Gl启动子和潮霉素抗性基因hph）转化猴头菌原生质体,经潮霉素初步筛选以及PCR鉴定,表明有4株猴头菌拟转化子的基因组扩增出hph基因;转化子经过多次转接后进行Southern杂交验证,结果表明4个转化子的基因组中均稳定整合了hph抗性基因。     

昆虫细胞色素P450基因的克隆及其策略

本记述了目前已克隆的105个昆虫细胞色素P450基因cDNA和片段,它们分属CYP4、CYP6、CYP9、CYP12、CYP18和CYP28等6个家族：同时,综述和分析了克隆这些基因、cDNA和片段所采用的策略及其优缺点。     

不同预处理对大麦花药3种内源激素含量和过氧化物酶活性的影响

研究了大麦（Ｈｏｒｄｅｕｍ ｖｕｌｇａｒｅ Ｌ．）花药－花粉培养中不同预处理对花药内源激素（ＡＢＡ,ＩＡＡ,ＩＰＡ）含量和过氧化物酶活性的影响。结果表明：１． 经甘露醇预处理不同天数,同一种基因型的３种内源激素的变化和不同基因型的同一种内源激素的变化规律十分相似,均是在预处理初期含量急剧增加,最高值在０．５或１ ｄ 处。以后开始逐渐下降;最后,保持在一定的水平上。２． 在甘露醇预处理过程中,两种基因型花药过氧化物酶活性的变化规律也十分相似。在预处理前期（从开始到第３天）活性呈直线上升,第３天达到最大值。从第３天到第５天活性减弱。最后,活性又开始增强。３． 在低温预处理过程的初期（２～５ ｄ） 两种基因型花药过氧化物酶活性都出现第一个小峰。在第１４天（“Ｈａｒｒｉｎｇｔｏｎ”）或第２１天（“Ｉｇｒｉ”）又出现第二个峰值,但后者较高。在预处理的后期（从第２８天到第３５天）两种基因型花药过氧化物酶的活性又呈现上升的趋势。同甘露醇预处理后期变化一致     

Quality,bioactivity study,and preclinical acute toxicity,safety pharmacology evaluation of PEGylated recombinant human endostatin (M2ES)

Endostar, a potent endogenous antiangiogenic factor, is wildly used in clinics. However, it was easily degraded by enzymes and rapidly cleared by the kidneys. To overcome these shortcomings, PEGylated recombinant human endostatin was developed. In this study, the purity of M₂ES was evaluated by silver stain and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Ultraviolet spectrum was used to examine the structural of M₂ES and endostar. The bioactivity and antitumor efficacy of M₂ES were evaluated using an in vitro endothelial cell migration model and athymic nude mouse xenograft model of a heterogeneous lung adenocarcinoma, respectively. A preclinical study was performed to evaluate the acute toxicity and safety pharmacology in rhesus monkeys. The purity of M₂ES was more than 98%; PEG modification has no effect on endostatin structure. Compared with the control group, M₂ES dramatically retards endothelial cell migration and tumor growth. After intravenous (IV) infusions of M₂ES at a dose level of three and 75 mg/kg in rhesus monkeys, there was no observable serious adverse event in both acute toxicity and safety pharmacology study. On the basis of the quality and bioactivity study data of M₂ES and the absence of serious side effect in rhesus monkeys, M₂ES was authorized to initiate a phase I clinical trial.     

光敏掩蔽基团在化学生物学中的应用

光敏掩蔽基团技术是通过运用一种由光子控制的光敏化合物,在光子激发后,被该化合物掩蔽处于惰性状态的生物活性分子重新被激活、释放以调节生理功能的化学生物学研究方法,它对生命活动的控制具有实时、原位、精确、快速的优势。该文综述了不同光敏基团的结构与功能,包括硝基苄基类、香豆素类、喹啉类、吲哚类、硝基二苯并呋喃类等,它们通过掩蔽神经递质、钙离子、蛋白质、缩氨酸、核苷酸、遗传物质等重要的生理活性物质来高选择性地调控不同的生物学过程。