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991.
Yutong Wang Xu Yan Mei Xu Weiyang Qi Chunjie Shi Xiaohong Li Jiaqi Ma Dan Tian Jianxin Shou Haijun Wu Jianwei Pan Bo Li Chao Wang 《植物学报(英文版)》2023,65(1):82-99
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the major endocytic pathway in eukaryotic cells that directly regulates abundance of plasma membrane proteins. Clathrin triskelia are composed of clathrin heavy chains (CHCs) and light chains (CLCs), and the phytohormone auxin differentially regulates membrane-associated CLCs and CHCs, modulating the endocytosis and therefore the distribution of auxin efflux transporter PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2). However, the molecular mechanisms by which auxin regulates clathrin are still poorly understood. Transmembrane kinase (TMKs) family proteins are considered to contribute to auxin signaling and plant development; it remains unclear whether they are involved in PIN transport by CME. We assessed TMKs involvement in the regulation of clathrin by auxin, using genetic, pharmacological, and cytological approaches including live-cell imaging and immunofluorescence. In tmk1 mutant seedlings, auxin failed to rapidly regulate abundance of both CHC and CLC and to inhibit PIN2 endocytosis, leading to an impaired asymmetric distribution of PIN2 and therefore auxin. Furthermore, TMK3 and TMK4 were shown not to be involved in regulation of clathrin by auxin. In summary, TMK1 is essential for auxin-regulated clathrin recruitment and CME. TMK1 therefore plays a critical role in the establishment of an asymmetric distribution of PIN2 and an auxin gradient during root gravitropism. 相似文献
992.
993.
Bao Yang Jianwu Li Jiayu Yan Ke Zhang Zhewen Ouyang Yefei Lu Huili Wei Qing Li Xuan Yao Shaoping Lu Yueyun Hong Xuemin Wang Liang Guo 《植物学报(英文版)》2023,65(11):2421-2436
Phosphorus is a major nutrient vital for plant growth and development, with a substantial amount of cellular phosphorus being used for the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids. Here, we report that NON-SPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C4 (NPC4) in rapeseed (Brassica napus) releases phosphate from phospholipids to promote growth and seed yield, as plants with altered NPC4 levels showed significant changes in seed production under different phosphate conditions. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9)-mediated knockout of BnaNPC4 led to elevated accumulation of phospholipids and decreased growth, whereas overexpression (OE) of BnaNPC4 resulted in lower phospholipid contents and increased plant growth and seed production. We demonstrate that BnaNPC4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids in vitro, and plants with altered BnaNPC4 function displayed changes in their sphingolipid and glycerolipid contents in roots, with a greater change in glycerolipids than sphingolipids in leaves, particularly under phosphate deficiency conditions. In addition, BnaNPC4-OE plants led to the upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, phosphate release, and phosphate transport and an increase in free inorganic phosphate in leaves. These results indicate that BnaNPC4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids in rapeseed to enhance phosphate release from membrane phospholipids and promote growth and seed production. 相似文献
994.
995.
Plants have developed innate immune systems to fight against pathogenic fungi by monitoring pathogenic signals known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and have established endo symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi through recognition of mycorrhizal (Myc) factors. Chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 of Oryza sativa subsp. Japonica (OsCERK1) plays a bifunctional role in mediating both chitin-triggered immunity and symbiotic relationships with AM fungi. However, it remains unclear whether OsCERK1 can directly recognize chitin molecules. In this study, we show that OsCERK1 binds to the chitin hexamer ((NAG)6) and tetramer ((NAG)4) directly and determine the crystal structure of the OsCERK1-(NAG)6 complex at 2 Å. The structure shows that one OsCERK1 is associated with one (NAG)6. Upon recognition, chitin hexamer binds OsCERK1 by interacting with the shallow groove on the surface of LysM2. These structural findings, complemented by mutational analyses, demonstrate that LysM2 is crucial for recognition of both (NAG)6 and (NAG)4. Altogether, these findings provide structural insights into the ability of OsCERK1 in chitin perception, which will lead to a better understanding of the role of OsCERK1 in mediating both immunity and symbiosis in rice. 相似文献
996.
Xue-Yang Wang Zi-Qin Zhao Cheng-Xian Song Zhi-Hao Su Mu-Wang Li Yang-Chun Wu Byung Rae Jin Ming-Jie Deng 《Insect Science》2023,30(3):789-802
The silkworm Bombyx mori L. is a model organism of the order Lepidoptera. Understanding the mechanism of pesticide resistance in silkworms is valuable for Lepidopteran pest control. In this study, comparative metabolomics was used to analyze the metabolites of 2 silkworm strains with different pesticide resistance levels at 6, 12, and 24 h after feeding with fenpropathrin. Twenty-six of 27 metabolites showed significant differences after fenpropathrin treatment and were classified into 6 metabolic pathways: glycerophospholipid metabolism, sulfur metabolism, glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, the urea cycle, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. After analyzing the percentage changes in the metabolic pathways at the 3 time points, sulfur metabolism, glycolysis, and the TCA cycle showed significant responses to fenpropathrin. Confirmatory experiments were performed by feeding silkworms with key metabolites of the 3 pathways. The combination of iron(II) fumarate + folic acid (IF-FA) enhanced fenpropathrin resistance in silkworms 6.38 fold, indicating that the TCA cycle is the core pathway associated with resistance. Furthermore, the disruption of several energy-related metabolic pathways caused by fenpropathrin was shown to be recovered by IF-FA in vitro. Therefore, IF-FA may have a role in boosting silkworm pesticide resistance by modulating the equilibrium between the TCA cycle and its related metabolic pathways. 相似文献
997.
Wenping Li Melissa R. Pergande Christopher A. Crutchfield Brian C. Searle Peter S. Backlund Jaqueline A. Picache Kathryn Burkert Nicole M. Yanjanin-Farhat Paul S. Blank Cynthia L. Toth Christopher A. Wassif Forbes D. Porter Stephanie M. Cologna 《Proteomics》2023,23(11):2200378
Niemann-Pick, type C1 (NPC1) is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease, which belongs to the family of lysosomal diseases. In NPC1, endo/lysosomal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and sphingolipids arise from improper intracellular trafficking resulting in multi-organ dysfunction. With the proximity between the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), performing differential proteomics provides a means to shed light to changes occurring in the brain. In this study, CSF samples obtained from NPC1 individuals and unaffected controls were used for protein biomarker identification. A subset of these individuals with NPC1 are being treated with miglustat, a glycosphingolipid synthesis inhibitor. Of the 300 identified proteins, 71 proteins were altered in individuals with NPC1 compared to controls including cathepsin D, and members of the complement family. Included are a report of 10 potential markers for monitoring therapeutic treatment. We observed that pro-neuropeptide Y (NPY) was significantly increased in NPC1 individuals relative to healthy controls; however, individuals treated with miglustat displayed levels comparable to healthy controls. In further investigation, NPY levels in a NPC1 mouse model corroborated our findings. We posit that NPY could be a potential therapeutic target for NPC1 due to its multiple roles in the central nervous system such as attenuating neuroinflammation and reducing excitotoxicity. 相似文献
998.
灵芝是我国著名的药用真菌,灵芝酸是其主要活性成分,具有多种药理活性。乙烯可以促进灵芝酸的生物合成,但其调控机理尚不明确。本实验利用非靶向代谢组研究发现Top 20差异代谢物中含有6种灵芝的活性成分(灵芝酸η、赤芝酸F、赤芝酸N、丹芝酸A、灵芝酸V1和灵芝酸δ),其中有4种灵芝酸(灵芝酸η、赤芝酸F、赤芝酸N和灵芝酸V1)为上调积累,2种灵芝酸(灵芝酸δ和丹芝酸A)为下调积累。通过非靶向代谢组与转录组的关联分析发现基因GL23307、GL25546和GL29595同时与3种灵芝酸积累显著相关,并通过启动子顺式元件预测,发现分别编码泛素蛋白和抑肽酶基因GL25546、GL23307的启动子区域含有响应乙烯信号的顺式作用元件GCC-box,因此,推测这两个基因在乙烯调控灵芝酸生物合成中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
999.