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381.
In advanced conifer breeding programmes, the simultaneous genetic improvement of adversely correlated traits constitutes a major challenge. Population subdivision strategies have been proposed to deal with breeding objective uncertainty, to reduce inbreeding depression in production populations and to reduce genetic correlation adversity. We used Monte Carlo simulations based on a finite locus model to study the effect of a two-breeding-population strategy applying selection for each trait in each breeding population on the genetic correlation and on genetic gains in breeding populations (BP) and the production population (PP) within a time frame of ten generations. A single-BP and a two-subline strategy both applying multitrait index selection with equal trait weights were used as references. Two BP strategy simulations indicated that simultaneous genetic gain for the two traits could be achieved in the PP despite adverse pleiotropy. The adversity of the genetic correlations decreased in BPs of the two-BP strategy, in contrast to single-BP and subline strategies, but the adversity reduction came at the cost of a lower rate of aggregated (summed) genetic gain in the PP for the two-BP strategy compared to the single-BP or subline strategies. The subline strategy exhibited increased genetic gain in the PP at equal levels of inbreeding as intended. Two BP strategies could be useful to develop breeds specialised on different traits and to simultaneously reduce adverse genetic correlations. However, if the aggregated genetic gain should be maximised, the single-BP strategy appears a better choice. 相似文献
382.
Luigi Bisceglia Maria Julia Calonge Luca Dello Strologo Gianfranco Rizzoni Luisa de Sanctis Michele Gallucci Ercole Beccia Xavier Testar Antonio Zorzano Xavier Estivill Leopoldo Zelante Manuel Palacin P. Gasparini Virginia Nunes 《Human genetics》1996,98(4):447-451
A cystinuria disease gene (rBAT) has recently been identified, but evidence strongly suggests that only Type-I cystinuria
is due to mutations in this gene. Sixteen point mutations and a large deletion causing the disease have so far been described
in the rBAT gene sequence. To identify new mutated alleles, genomic DNA was analyzed, after the determination of the entire
genomic structure of the rBAT gene, by RNA-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, an accurate and sensitive method
able to detect nucleotide changes. Four new point mutations, a large deletion, and a common intragenic polymorphism were detected.
These new mutations increase to 22 the number of mutated alleles so far characterized in rBAT. In addition, the frequency
of 21 mutations was assessed in a sample of accurately defined Type-I cystinuria choromosomes. They account for about 58%
of all Type-I chromosomes, mutation M467T being the most common (0.26).
Received: 15 March 1996 / Revised: 17 May 1996 相似文献
383.
This paper describes the most common cytogenetic techniques we routinely adopt in our laboratories for producing high-resolution
banding on prometaphase stage chromosomes, from synchronized or nonsynchronized blood cultures. Special emphasis is given
to the FISH procedures applied to prometaphase chromosomes for mapping purposes. Each section includes historical information,
basic principles for the given technique, its primary use in veterinary cytogenetics, and major limitations. Supplementary
material (protocols and chemicals used) are available on our website. Even though these techniques mainly refer to the Bovidae,
they can be easily extended and adapted to members of other taxa. 相似文献
384.
A. Savoia Maria Rosaria Piemontese Maria Savino Adriana Zatterale J. Pronk F. Arwert Hans Joenje Ugo Ramenghi Franca Dagna-Bricarelli Bruno Dallapiccola Leopoldo Zelante 《Human genetics》1996,99(1):93-97
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disease characterised by genetic heterogeneity, with at least five complementation
groups (FA-A to FA-E). The FAC gene has been cloned and localised to 9q22.3. The most frequent defective gene, FAA, was recently
mapped to chromosome 16q24.3, in a region of 10 cM between D16S498 and the telomere. Eleven FA-A and 16 unclassified Italian
families were analysed by microsatellite markers. To define the localisation of the FAA locus further, microsatellites were
analysed at 16q24. All the families were consistent with linkage, the highest lod score being observed with D16S1320. Evidence
for common haplotypes was obtained in two genetic isolates from the Brenta basin and the Naples region. Autozygosity mapping
and haplotype analysis suggest that the FAA locus is distal to D16S305.
Received: 29 July 1996 相似文献
385.
Alfredo Pauciullo Angela Perucatti Alessandra Iannuzzi Domenico Incarnato Viviana Genualdo Dino Di Berardino Leopoldo Iannuzzi 《Journal of applied genetics》2014,55(3):397-401
The development of new molecular techniques (array CGH, M-FISH, SKY-FISH, etc.) has led to great advancements in the entire field of molecular cytogenetics. However, the application of these methods is still very limited in farm animals. In the present study, we report, for the first time, the production of 13 river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis, 2n?=?50) chromosome-specific painting probes, generated via chromosome microdissection and the DOP-PCR procedure. A sequential multicolor-FISH approach is also proposed on the same slide for the rapid identification of river buffalo chromosome/arms, namely, 1p-1q, 2p-2q, 3p-3q, 4p-4q, 5p-5q, 18, X, and Y, using both conventional and late-replicating banded chromosome preparations counterstained by DAPI. The provided ‘bank’ of chromosome-specific painting probes is useful for any further cytogenetic investigation not only for the buffalo breeds, but also for other species of the family Bovidae, such as cattle, sheep, and goats, for chromosome abnormality diagnosis, and, more generally, for evolutionary studies. 相似文献
386.
Leopoldo de Meis 《Bioscience reports》2001,21(2):113-137
The sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle retains a membrane bound Ca2+-ATPase which is able to interconvert different forms of energy. A part of the chemical energy released during ATP hydrolysis is converted into heat and in the bibliography it is assumed that the amount of heat produced during the hydrolysis of an ATP molecule is always the same, as if the energy released during ATP cleavage were divided in two non-interchangeable parts: one would be converted into heat, and the other used for Ca2+ transport. Data obtained in our laboratory during the past three years indicate that the amount of heat released during the hydrolysis of ATP may vary between 7 and 32 kcal/mol depending on whether or not a transmembrane Ca2+ gradient is formed across the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. Drugs such as heparin and dimethyl sulfoxide are able to modify the fraction of the chemical energy released during ATP hydrolysis which is used for Ca2+ transport and the fraction which is dissipated in the surrounding medium as heat. 相似文献
387.
de Oliveira Carolina Alcantara Mansano Vidal de Freitas Teixeira Simone Pádua Brandes Arno Fritz das Neves Baratto Leopoldo Clemente Leitão Suzana Guimarães Santana Michele Nunes Rodrigues Igor Almeida Paulino Juliana Villela 《Journal of plant research》2021,134(1):127-139
Journal of Plant Research - The Swartzia species are commonly known as bloodwood due to the red exudate released from the stem after injury. This exudate has aroused great... 相似文献
388.
The biological aerated filter (BAF) is a three-phase reactor for waste water treatment that uses granular medium for biomass support. The parameter values from a process model for soluble COD were used to evaluate the impact of the medium characteristics and the process configuration on the performance of the BAF. In terms of reactor performance, the flow direction was more important than the medium characteristics. The results confirmed the applicability of the model. 相似文献
389.
Heung Chul Kim Sang Hoon Han Carl W. Dick Yong Gun Choi Sung Tae Chong Terry A. Klein Leopoldo M. Rueda 《Journal of vector ecology》2012,37(2):333-337
As part of the 65th Medical Brigade, U.S. Army, arthropod‐borne disease surveillance program and in collaboration with the Korea National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), bats were captured from caves and abandoned mines in the Republic of Korea. A total of 39 adult bat flies including five species of Nycteribiidae [Penicillidia jenynsii, Nycteribia parvula, N. formosana, N. allotopa mikado, and an unidentified species of Nycteribia (N. cf. formosana)], and one species of Streblidae, Brachytarsina kanoi, were collected from bats belonging to two families, Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae. This is the first report of N. allotopa mikado and N. formosana from the Republic of Korea. 相似文献
390.
María Teresa Blanco Beatriz Sacristán Leopoldo Lucio Javier Blanco Ciro Pérez-Giraldo Antonio Cándido Gómez-García 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2010,27(4):195-199
ObjectiveTo evaluate virulence factors involved in the adhesion process, such as cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), adherence to plastic capacity, adherence capacity to buccal epithelial cells (BEC), and biofilm formation, in 17 strains of C. albicans isolated from bronchial aspirates of critically ill patients.MethodThe CSH of the strains of C. albicans was determined using the MATH method, a microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons test. The study of adherence to plastic was performed in microtitre plates in accordance with Christensen's technique. Biofilm formation was studied in polystyrene microtitre plates, according to the method of Ramage. Adherence to BEC was evaluated by quantifying the percentage of adhered yeasts to cells.ResultsAll the strains studied showed factors directly involved in adhesion, with variability in the degree of expression among them. Medium-high levels of CSH were found in 52.9% of the strains. The percentage of strains with high values in adherence to plastic was 35.3%. The most hydrophobic strains were the most adherent to plastic, with a correlation coefficient of 0.76. Of the 12 biofilm-producing strains, 6 were high producers. These strains had also high levels of CSH and adherence to plastic, with significant results. All the strains studied adhered to BEC, with results ranging widely from 45 to 157 yeasts/100 BEC, with no significant correlation with the rest of the parameters studied, although CSH was seen to be an indispensable prior requisite for adherence to cells.ConclusionCSH is a variable characteristic in C. albicans and is directly related to adherence to plastic and biofilm formation. Ease in evaluating CSH permits its quantification, and could be used as an indicator of the presence of other determinants of pathogenicity. 相似文献