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991.
John H. Hofteig Phung N. Vo Allan J. Yates Karen S. Leon 《Journal of neurochemistry》1982,39(2):401-408
Abstract: The phospholipid composition of normal peripheral nerve as a function of developmental age as well as that of Wallerian-degenerated nerve as a function of age at nerve transection and duration of Wallerian degeneration have been quantitated in rabbit sciatic nerve. During development, increases in the proportions of ethanolamine plasmalogen, sphingomyelin, and combined phosphatidyl serine plus phosphatidyl inositol and decreases in the proportions of phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine correlated well with the concurrent myelin accretion. During Wallerian degeneration, age-dependent changes in phospholipid composition were observed. The large and statistically significant increase in the proportion of phosphatidyl choline and decrease in the proportion of ethanolamine plasmalogen were manifest promptly in nerves transected at 2 weeks of age but in a delayed manner in nerves transected at 8, 12, and 20 weeks of age. The rate of loss of individual phospholipids was greater in nerves transected at younger ages. The findings from normal developing peripheral nerve may well serve as baseline data for subsequent studies of phospholipid composition in pathological peripheral nerve. The Findings from Wallerian-degenerated peripheral nerve provide additional evidence for age-dependent chemical changes occurring in Wallerian-degenerated peripheral nerve that may be of significance in explaining the superior functional recovery from peripheral nerve injury observed in younger compared with older subjects. 相似文献
992.
To study the relationship between cell growth control, cell contact, and protein secretion, we examined the production of plasminogen activator, procollagen, and fibronectin by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblasts, both as a function of position in the cell cycle and as a function of cell density. CHO fibroblasts that were synchronized at hourly intervals throughout the cell cycle by mitotic selection in an automated roller bottle apparatus secreted plasminogen activator only during the G2 and M phases of the cell cycle (10–14 h after mitotic selection). Cell-associated plasminogen activator activity was variable during G1 and S, but was greatly reduced during G2 and M. In contrast, secretion of the connective tissue matrix proteins, procollagen and fibronectin, was controlled by cell density rather than by cell cycle position. Type III procollagen and fibronectin were secreted throughout the cell cycle with no pronounced variations. Type I procollagen was not secreted by cycling cells and was observed in confluent cultures only after 24–48 h. To correlate these changes in protein secretion patterns with cell shape and contact, we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the appearance of CHO cells after mitotic selection. Actively dividing cells retained a high proportion of rounded, ruffled, and blebbed cells during all phases of the cell cycle. Only with increased cell density in contact-inhibited confluent cultures did most cells begin to flatten and spread. Thus, secretion of and attachment to extracellular matrix did not occur in rapidly dividing cells, but appeared to require the increased cell-cell contact and spreading that accompanies contact inhibition of growth. On the other hand, increased secretion of plasminogen activator was directly related to cell division and may be part of a sequence of events that allows cells growing in culture to loosen extracellular attachments in preparation for rounding and cytokinesis. 相似文献
993.
Keith W. Miller J.Francois Sauter Leon M. Braswell 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1982,105(2):659-666
Acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes from contain a binding site for [14C] pentobarbital which has a dissociation constant of 210 ± 24 μM and 1.4 ± 0.18 sites per acetylcholine site. (+) pentobarbital competes for this site three times more effectively than (?) pentobarbital. Cholinergic ligands decrease [14C] pentobarbital binding and this effect is blocked by pre-incubation with α-bungarotoxin. Pentobarbital decreases [3H] acetylcholine binding non-competitively with an apparent dissociation constant similar to the dissociation constant for [14C] pentobarbital binding. Thus, the pentobarbital and acetylcholine binding sites appear to interact with each other allosterically. 相似文献
994.
Transformation of steroids by fungal spores 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Adam Jaworski Leon Sedlaczek Andrezej Sasiak Jerzy Dŀugoński 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1982,16(2-3):63-69
Summary Treatment of Cunninghamella elegans sporangiospores with dilute KOH, EDTA or Helix pomatia digestive enzymes (HpE) followed by cortexolone transformation resulted in stimulation of cortisol and epicortisol formation. The increased ability to hydroxylate steroids was accompanied by swelling of spores and increased permeability of their envelopes to exogenous citrate.Activated spores, unlike the untreated controls, exhibited enhanced degradation of intracellular amino acids, especially alanine and glutamic acid-the main constituents of the amino acid pools. We also observed a higher NADPH: (NADP++NADPH) ratio probably due to the operation of more effective NADPH-generating system(s) in HpE, KOH or EDTA pre-treated spores. 相似文献
995.
The Interaction of Transport and Metabolism on Brain Glucose Utilization: A Reevaluation of the Lumped Constant 总被引:9,自引:9,他引:0
Paul D. Crane William M. Pardridge Leon D. Braun Anthony M. Nyerges William H. Oldendorf 《Journal of neurochemistry》1981,36(4):1601-1604
Abstract: The relative cerebral cortical metabolism of glucose (GLU) and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DG) was measured in vivo in control and insulin-treated hypoglycemic rats. The ratio of the utilization rate constants for the two hexoses, i.e., K DG / K CLU is defined as the Hexose Utilization Index (HUI). The HUI was found to be invariant in rats whose cerebral glucose content exceeded 1 μmo1.g−1 wet weight (HUI = 0.48 ± 0.07). Severe hypoglycemia (plasma glucose <2 mM) effected a shift in the HUI to 1.04 ± 0.21. The results are consistent with a model in which the interpretation of the HUI is determined by the rate of transport into brain, or subsequent phosphorylation, as the rate-limiting step for hexose utilization. 相似文献
996.
Wayne A. Fenton Leon E. Rosenberg 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1981,98(1):283-289
We show that the reductants present in the assay used to measure the formation of adenosylcobalamin from cob(III)alamin by cell-free extracts of human fibroblasts result in the non-enzymatic reduction of cob(III)alamin to cob(I)alamin. Hence, the assay uniquely estimates the activity of ATP:cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.17). Based on additional studies with extracts of fibroblasts from patients in the class of human methylmalonic acidemia and from their parents, we conclude that this mutant class results from a specific deficiency of adenosyltransferase activity which is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. 相似文献
997.
The organization of filamentous actin (F-actin) in the synaptic pedicle of depolarizing bipolar cells from the goldfish retina was studied using fluorescently labeled phalloidin. The amount of F-actin in the synaptic pedicle relative to the cell body increased from a ratio of 1.6 ± 0.1 in the dark to 2.1 ± 0.1 after exposure to light. Light also caused the retraction of spinules and processes elaborated by the synaptic pedicle in the dark.Isolated bipolar cells were used to characterize the factors affecting the actin cytoskeleton. When the electrical effect of light was mimicked by depolarization in 50 mM K+, the actin network in the synaptic pedicle extended up to 2.5 μm from the plasma membrane. Formation of F-actin occurred on the time scale of minutes and required Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channels. Phorbol esters that activate protein kinase C (PKC) accelerated growth of F-actin. Agents that inhibit PKC hindered F-actin growth in response to Ca2+ influx and accelerated F-actin breakdown on removal of Ca2+.To test whether activity-dependent changes in the organization of F-actin might regulate exocytosis or endocytosis, vesicles were labeled with the fluorescent membrane marker FM1-43. Disruption of F-actin with cytochalasin D did not affect the continuous cycle of exocytosis and endocytosis that was stimulated by maintained depolarization, nor the spatial distribution of recycled vesicles within the synaptic terminal. We suggest that the actions of Ca2+ and PKC on the organization of F-actin regulate the morphology of the synaptic pedicle under varying light conditions. 相似文献
998.
Aluminum effects on the kinetics of calcium uptake into cells of the wheat root apex 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of aluminum on the concentration-dependent kinetics of Ca2+ uptake were studied in two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Al-tolerant Atlas 66 and Al-sensitive Scout 66. Seedlings were grown in 100 M CaCl2 solution (pH 4.5) for 3 d. Subsequently, net Ca2+ fluxes in intact roots were measured using a highly sensitive technique, employing a vibrating Ca2+-selective microelectrode. The kinetics of Ca2+ uptake into cells of the root apex, for external Ca2+ concentrations from 20 to 300 M, were found to be quite similar for both cultivars in the absence of external Al; Ca2+ transport could be described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. When roots were exposed to solutions containing levels of Al that were toxic to Al-sensitive Scout 66 but not to Atlas 66 (5 to 20 M total Al), a strong correlation was observed between Al toxicity and Al-induced inhibition of Ca2+ absorption by root apices. For Scout 66, exposure to Al immediately and dramatically inhibited Ca2+ uptake over the entire Ca2+ concentration range used for these experiments. Kinetic analyses of the Al-Ca interactions in Scout 66 roots were consistent with competitive inhibition of Ca2+ uptake by Al. For example, exposure of Scout 66 roots to increasing Al levels (from 0 to 10 M) caused the K
m for Ca2+ uptake to increase with each rise in Al concentration, from approx. 100 M in the absence of Al to approx. 300 M in the presence of 10 M Al, while having no effect on the V
max. The same Al exposures had little effect on the kinetics of Ca2+ uptake into roots of Atlas 66. The results of this study indicate that Al disruption of Ca2+ transport at the root apex may play an important role in the mechanisms of Al toxicity in Al-sensitive wheat cultivars, and that differential Al tolerance may be associated with the ability of Ca2+-transport systems in cells of the root apex to resist disruption by potentially toxic levels of Al in the soil solution.We would like to thank Dr. Lionel F. Jaffe, Director of the National Vibrating Probe Facility, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass., USA, for making his calcium-selective vibrating-mi-croelectrode system available for a portion of this work. The research presented here was supported in part by USDA/NRI Competitive Grant number 91-37100-6630 to Leon Kochian. Contribution from the USDA-ARS, U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. This research was part of the program of the Center for Root-Soil Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. Department of Soil, Crop and Atmosphere Science, paper No. 1741. 相似文献
999.
Jorge A. Leon M. Carolina Gutierrez Hongping Jiang Alison Estabrook Samuel Waxman Paul B. Fisher 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1992,35(5):315-324
Summary In the present study we have analyzed the effect of a synthetic protein kinase C (PKC) activator 3-(N-acetylamino)-5-(N-decyl-N-methylamino)-benzyl alcohol (ADMB) and the natural PKC-activating tumor-promoting agents 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and mezerein on the antigenic phenotype of T47D human breast carcinoma cells. All three agents increased the surface expression of the tumor-associated antigen BCA 225 and various cellular antigens, including HLA class II antigens, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and c-erbB-2. Expression of the same antigens was also upregulated to various extents in T47D cells by recombinant fibroblast (IFN) and immune (IFN) interferon. Shedding of BCA 225 from T47D cells was induced by TPA, mezerein, IFN and IFN, whereas ADMB did not display this activity. The ability of ADMB, TPA and mezerein to modulate the antigenic phenotype of T47D cells appears to involve a PKC-mediated pathway, since the PKC inhibitor, H-7, eliminates antigenic modulation. In contrast, the ability of IFN and IFN to enhance the synthesis, expression and shedding of BCA 225, as well as to enhance HLA class II antigens, c-erbB-2 and ICAM-1 expression, was either unchanged or modestly reduced by simultaneous exposure to H-7. Analysis of steady-state mRNA levels for HLA class I antigens, HLA class II-DR antigen, ICAM-1 and c-erbB-2 indicated that the ability of H-7 to inhibit expression of these antigens in TPA-, mezerein- and ADMB-treated cells was not a consequence of a reduction in the steady-state levels of mRNAs for these antigens. The results of the present investigation indicate that the biochemical pathways mediating enhanced antigenic expression in T47D cells induced by TPA, mezerein and the synthetic PKC activator ADMB are different from those induced by recombinant interferons. Furthermore, up-regulation of antigenic expression in T47D cells can occur by a PKC-dependent or a PKC-independent pathway. 相似文献
1000.
Changes in a grayling spawning population are described that occurred in relation to both natural and man-induced events. The spawning population was monitored from 1982 to 1987 with a trap on a fishway on the Beaverlodge River, Alberta. Most of the spawning run in each year was tagged with recaptures noted in subsequent years. Male grayling grew slightly faster than females. Growth rates were variable and appeared to be quite low in years of low water flow. Grayling first spawned at 2 to 6 years of age. The majority of tagged grayling would have returned to spawn a second time after a delay of one to two years were it not for the high adult mortality. It is hypothesized that the variable time to first maturity and the delay in the second spawning is a response to highly variable juvenile recruitment. Annual mortality rates increased with age, suggesting an increased vulnerability of larger fish to angling. The population appears highly sensitive to over-exploitation, because of the high mortality rates and the delayed time to spawning of the adults.Deceased.Deceased. 相似文献