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1.
PM Visscher 《遗传、选种与进化》1995,27(4):335-345
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Paulo FP Pimenta Alessandra S Orfano Ana C Bahia Ana PM Duarte Claudia M Ríos-Velásquez Fabrício F Melo Felipe AC Pessoa Giselle A Oliveira Keillen MM Campos Luis Martínez Villegas Nilton Barnabé Rodrigues Rafael Nacif-Pimenta Rejane C Sim?es Wuelton M Monteiro Rogerio Amino Yara M Traub-Cseko José BP Lima Maria GV Barbosa Marcus VG Lacerda Wanderli P Tadei Nágila FC Secundino 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2015,110(1):23-47
In the Americas, areas with a high risk of malaria transmission are mainly located in
the Amazon Forest, which extends across nine countries. One keystone step to
understanding the Plasmodium life cycle in Anopheles species from the Amazon Region
is to obtain experimentally infected mosquito vectors. Several attempts to colonise
Ano- pheles species have been conducted, but with only short-lived success or no
success at all. In this review, we review the literature on malaria transmission from
the perspective of its Amazon vectors. Currently, it is possible to develop
experimental Plasmodium vivax infection of the colonised and field-captured vectors
in laboratories located close to Amazonian endemic areas. We are also reviewing
studies related to the immune response to P. vivax infection of Anopheles aquasalis,
a coastal mosquito species. Finally, we discuss the importance of the modulation of
Plasmodium infection by the vector microbiota and also consider the anopheline
genomes. The establishment of experimental mosquito infections with Plasmodium
falciparum, Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei parasites that could provide
interesting models for studying malaria in the Amazonian scenario is important.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the parasites
in New World vectors is crucial in order to better determine the interaction process
and vectorial competence. 相似文献
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Lembo G. Spedicato M. T. Økland F. Carbonara P. Fleming I. A. McKinley R. S. Thorstad E. B. Sisak M. Ragonese S. 《Hydrobiologia》2002,483(1-3):249-257
The value of marine reserves to protect threatened and vulnerable species, such as the dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus), is often uncertain because of a lack of knowledge about their ecology and habitat utilisation. To address this issue, a Wireless Communication System for location-based positioning of fish tagged with coded acoustic transmitters was installed to determine site fidelity of juvenile dusky groupers (mean total length = 30.4 cm, range: 20.5–40.0 cm; mean total weight = 470 g, range: 113–950 g) within a marine reserve (Island of Ustica, Sicily, Italy). The system was based on five wireless hydrophones distributed approximately 200 m apart along the coastline of the reserve, each monitoring acoustic signals from transmitters within a reception cell. The hydrophones retransmitted detected signals as a radio signal to a land-based receiver and data logger. Unique identifiers for each hydrophone permitted the identification of the detection cell containing the tagged fish. The wireless hydrophones had partly overlapping detection ranges, dividing the marine reserve into more than five different detection cells. The average detection range was 232 m, but coverage varied from site to site and with time, depending on many factors, such as ambient noise, wave action and signal strength of the transmitters. Despite some limitations, the Wireless Hydrophone System (WHS) combined with manual tracking provided a valuable tool for investigating site fidelity in the dusky grouper. Preliminary home ranges for the fish were estimated by the kernel method (probability level of 95%), based on a limited set of manual tracking data, to be a median 5312 m2 (range 1673–18626 m2). 相似文献
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Kathrin Loosli Alicia Davis Adrian Muwonge Tiziana Lembo 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2021,15(7)
Universal access to healthcare, including quality medicines, is a fundamental human right but is still out of reach for many in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). An existing framework capturing variability of access to healthcare in low-resource settings includes the 5 dimensions: availability, accessibility, affordability, adequacy, and acceptability. This framework encompasses key components, including health infrastructure and means to access it as well as service organisation, costs, and factors that influence users’ satisfaction. However, in reality, the effectiveness of accessed healthcare is measured by the likelihood of a positive outcome. We therefore propose an expansion of this framework to include an additional dimension, “aspects of quality,” incorporating quality, which critically influences the ability of the accessed services to generate optimal health outcomes. Within this framework, we explore literature from East Africa likely relevant to a range of LMIC contexts, mainly focusing on the provision of widely used antimicrobials such as antimalarials and antibiotics. We argue that major inadequacies exist across all 6 dimensions of access and quality of drugs and their provision. While the global focus is on curbing excessive antimicrobial use to tackle the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis, major constraints around access shape patients’ health-seeking decisions leading to potentially problematic practices that might exacerbate the AMR problem. We advocate for a holistic approach to tackling these inadequacies, encompassing all dimensions of access and quality of healthcare in order to improve health outcomes while simultaneously counteracting the AMR crisis. 相似文献
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Kenneth J. Ferguson Sarah Cleaveland Daniel Thomas Haydon Alexandre Caron Richard A. Kock Tiziana Lembo J. Grant C. Hopcraft Bertrand Chardonnet Thomas Nyariki Julius Keyyu David James Paton Fredrick Mathias Kivaria 《EcoHealth》2013,10(3):314-322
Strategies to control transboundary diseases have in the past generated unintended negative consequences for both the environment and local human populations. Integrating perspectives from across disciplines, including livestock, veterinary and conservation sectors, is necessary for identifying disease control strategies that optimise environmental goods and services at the wildlife-livestock interface. Prompted by the recent development of a global strategy for the control and elimination of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), this paper seeks insight into the consequences of, and rational options for potential FMD control measures in relation to environmental, conservation and human poverty considerations in Africa. We suggest a more environmentally nuanced process of FMD control that safe-guards the integrity of wild populations and the ecosystem dynamics on which human livelihoods depend while simultaneously improving socio-economic conditions of rural people. In particular, we outline five major issues that need to be considered: 1) improved understanding of the different FMD viral strains and how they circulate between domestic and wildlife populations; 2) an appreciation for the economic value of wildlife for many African countries whose presence might preclude the country from ever achieving an FMD-free status; 3) exploring ways in which livestock production can be improved without compromising wildlife such as implementing commodity-based trading schemes; 4) introducing a participatory approach involving local farmers and the national veterinary services in the control of FMD; and 5) finally the possibility that transfrontier conservation might offer new hope of integrating decision-making at the wildlife-livestock interface. 相似文献